服务器安装数据库教程.doc

目录1、 linux下安装oracle10g2、 表空间的建立及用户建立3、 Oracle数据库随linux系统启动关闭及自动备份在linux下安装oracle10g安装oracle：1、 内存及交换分区检查rootoracle10g # cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotalMemTotal: 1034604 kBrootoracle10g # cat /proc/meminfo | grep SwapTotalSwapTotal: 1574360 kB 建议内存最少1G，交换分区为内存1.52倍。如果空间充足建议2倍。Oracle安装之前会检测，但我在交换分区为内存一半的情况下，也安装成功过。当时内存为4G。2、 修改主机名及hosts文件rootoracle10g # hostname oracle10grootoracle10g # vi /etc/hosts# Do not remove the following line, or various programs# that require network functionality will fail.127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost172.16.60.196 oracle10g“改成配给那个门店的ip和服务器名qtjlmd”建议修改，避免以后网络访问出现异常。退出重联看是否生效。3、 检查所需操作系统的RPM包是否完整以下是oracle10g在RHEL5环境下，需要装的包。# From RedHat AS5 Disk 1cd /media/cdrom/Serverrpm -Uvh setarch-2*rpm -Uvh make-3*rpm -Uvh glibc-2*rpm -Uvh libaio-0*cd /eject# From RedHat AS5 Disk 2cd /media/cdrom/Serverrpm -Uvh compat-libstdc+-33-3*rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-3*rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-c+-3*rpm -Uvh gcc-4*rpm -Uvh libXp-1*cd /eject# From RedHat AS5 Disk 3cd /media/cdrom/Serverrpm -Uvh openmotif-2*rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*cd /eject检查的命令（在grep后面更上需要检测包的名字）：4、 在Linux安装光盘上找到所有缺失的包，并拷贝到 /目录下面，再执行下面的安装包命令rootoracle10g /# rpm -ivh *.rpm5、 创建用户新增oinstall、dba用户组，oracle用户rootoracle10g /# groupadd oinstallrootoracle10g /# groupadd dbarootoracle10g /# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle oraclerootoracle10g /# passwd oracleChanging password for user oracle.New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary wordRetype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.说明：# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle oracle(新增用户oracle -g 主组属于 oinstall -G dba 辅助组属于 dba -d /home/oracle 用户缺省根目录为/home/oracle)检查onbody用户是否存在rootoracle10g /# id nobodyuid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)6、 创建安装目录rootoracle10g /# mkdir -p u01/oraclerootoracle10g /# chown -R oracle:oinstall u01改变u01目录所属用户及组 -R参数表示递归将oracle10g安装介质解压到u01目录下tar -xf *.tarunzip *.zipmv database/ /u01mv Disk1/ /u01chown -R oracle:oinstall Disk1rootoracle10g database# pwd/u01/databaserootoracle10g database# lltotal 28drwxr-xr-x 9 oracle oinstall 4096 May 19 15:31 docdrwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall 4096 May 19 15:31 installdrwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 19 15:30 response-rw-r-r- 1 oracle oinstall 1327 May 19 15:30 runInstallerdrwxr-xr-x 9 oracle oinstall 4096 May 19 15:31 stage-rw-r-r- 1 oracle oinstall 5213 May 19 15:30 welcome.html注意一般情况下，没有runInstaller的执行权限，使用下面的命令。rootoracle10g u01# chmod -R 775 database/*rootoracle10g u01# chmod -R 775 Disk1/*-R参数表示递归，让database整个目录具有执行权限。以方便后面安装。7、 配置内核参数a执行如下命令，在文件最后添加灰色部分参数rootoracle10g /# vi /etc/sysctl.confkernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536 101365net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 1048576net.core.rmem_max = 1048576net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144执行下面命令使配置生效rootoracle10g /# sysctl pb执行如下命令，在文件最后添加灰色部分参数rootoracle10g /# vi /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536c执行如下命令，在文件最后添加灰色部分参数rootoracle10g /# vi /etc/pam.d/login session required /lib/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.soredhat5.0需更改部分vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disabledvi /etc/redhat-releaseRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga) 被 redhat-4 替换上述被 redhat-4 替换的内容会根据操作系统版本不同而不一致。替换之前如下请做好备份。后面在安装结束后要替换回去。备份Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)d执行如下命令，在文件最后添加灰色部分参数rootoracle10g /# vi /etc/profileif $USER = oracle ; then if $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fifi执行下面命令使配置生效rootoracle10g /# source /etc/profile8、 配置oracle环境变量切换到oracle用户rootoracle10g # su oracle执行如下命令，在文件最后添加灰色部分参数oracleoracle10g $ vi .bash_profileORACLE_BASE=/u01ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1ORACLE_SID=oracle10gcdcPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport LANG=AMERICANexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBKstty erase h注意ORACLE_SID为实例名执行下面命令使环境变量生效(建议重启Linux系统)oracleoracle10g $ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile/backup,/archivelog,/userdata,/u01 都是我们增加的目录，为oracle服务，所有他应该属于oracle组。用root用户登录，在/目录下附权限。/u01已经赋了权限rootoracle10g /# chown -R oracle:oinstall u019、 配置X-windows在安装oracle的机器上以root用户执行如下命令（切记不要远程执行，会失败），使oracle用户可以使用X-windlws。rootoracle10g /# xhost +10、 安装oracle下面的图都是本机安装的截图。切换到oracle用户，进入目录，执行./runInstaller命令进行安装红色部分为数据库家目录，与之前设定oracle环境变量-ORACLE_HOME保持一致。确认有无警告，如果网络设定为DHCP将会出现警告提示，可以忽略，不会影响安装。建议按照前面的安装文档，设定为固定IP。如果RPM包没有打全，也会提示。建议在处理完所有的警告之后，再继续安装。建议先只安装数据库软件，后面再安装实例。弹出这个窗口后，不能点ok，完成下页一张截图的操作后再点ok。根据上面一张截图，以Root用户执行列出的2个脚本。数据库软件安装完毕。范围报错，此时修改范围a执行如下命令，在文件最后添加灰色部分参数rootoracle10g /# vi /etc/sysctl.confkernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536 101365net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 1048576net.core.rmem_max = 1048576net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144cd Disk1/ 在用./runInstaller 打补丁打完补丁以后再安装监听。在本机输入netca命令，开始配置监听。netmgr监听配置完毕。在本机输入dbca命令，开始创建数据库实例输入SID名称，这名称必须与前面oracle环境变量设定一样。把密码都设定为一样,均为“manager1”根据实际需要选择。这里选择了文件系统。ASM是oracle的高级技术，未来方向。建议初学者在学习环境使用文件系统。强烈建议选择Archive模式。将flash recovery area 改为 /archivelog学习环境，勾上Sample Schemas，里面包含一些可供学习的案例。实际情况不勾选。这里面的参数相当重要，共享内存管理oracle强烈建议设定为自动管理方式。字符集参数相当重要，一旦设定，几乎很难更改。建议使用ZHS16GBK，点选Choose from the list of character sets 在Database Character set下拉框中选定。点击exit，实例安装完毕。11、 测试安装结果结束工作rootoracle10g /# vi /etc/pam.d/login #session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so#session required pam_limits.sovi /etc/redhat-releaseredhat-4 被Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga) 替换表空间的建立及用户建立建-表空间及用户(先对userdata和backup赋权,到userdata目录下，建立一个以门店名的目录，并对userdata及名下目录赋权)赋权给qtjlmdSqlplus “/ as sysdba”表空间的建立及用户建立-建表空间create tablespace jxc datafile /userdata/qtjlmd/jxc01.dbf size 2048m;create temporary tablespace jxc_t tempfile /userdata/qtjlmd/jxc_t_01.dbf size 2048m;-追加表空间alter tablespace jxc add datafile /userdata/qtjlmd/jxc02.dbf size 2048m;alter tablespace jxc add datafile /userdata/qtjlmd/jxc03.dbf size 2048m;alter tablespace jxc add datafile /userdata/qtjlmd/jxc04.dbf size 2048m;-建用户及授权-drop user cs_pos cascade;create user cs_pos identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to cs_pos;drop user bf_sys_user cascade;create user bf_sys_user identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to bf_sys_user;drop user csbjf cascade;create user csbjf identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to csbjf;drop user bfapp8 cascade;create user bfapp8 identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to bfapp8;drop user bfpub8 cascade;create user bfpub8 identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to bfpub8;drop user pos_user8 cascade;create user pos_user8 identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to pos_user8;drop user bfbhdd8 cascade;create user bfbhdd8 identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to bfbhdd8;bfapp8,bfpub8,pos_user8,bfbhdd8为百货POS服务器用户-exp bfapp8/DHHZDHHZyhmd file=(/backup/pos01_$rq,/backup/pos02_$rq,/backup/pos03_$rq,/backup/pos04_$rq,/backup/pos05_$rq,/backup/pos06_$rq) owner=bfapp8,bfpub8,pos_user8,bfbhdd8,cs_pos,csbjf,bf_sys_user buffer=640000000 filesize=2147483648 compress=N log=/backup/pos_log$rq在其他门店POS服务器导出exp cs_pos/dhhzdhhz owner=cs_pos,bf_sys_user,csbjf,bfapp8,bfpub8,pos_user8,bfbhdd8 rows=n file=posserver_stru.dmp log=posserver_stru.logexp bf_sys_user/dhhzdhhz owner=bf_sys_user rows=y file=posserver_sysuser.dmp log=posserver_sysuser.log在本店POS服务器导入imp cs_pos/dhhzdhhz fromuser=cs_pos,bf_sys_user,csbjf,bfapp8,bfpub8,pos_user8,bfbhdd8 touser=cs_pos,bf_sys_user,csbjf,bfapp8,bfpub8,pos_user8,bfbhdd8 ignore=y file=posserver_stru.dmpimp bf_sys_user/dhhzdhhz fromuser=bf_sys_user touser=bf_sys_user ignore=y file=posserver_sysuser.dmp/-建表空间create tablespace jxc datafile /userdata/yblmd/jxc01.dbf size 2048m;create temporary tablespace jxc_t tempfile /userdata/yblmd /jxc_t_01.dbf size 2048m;-追加表空间alter tablespace jxc add datafile /userdata/yblmd /jxc02.dbf size 2048m;alter tablespace jxc add datafile /userdata/yblmd /jxc03.dbf size 2048m;alter tablespace jxc add datafile /userdata/yblmd /jxc04.dbf size 2048m;-建用户及授权-drop user cs_pos cascade;create user cs_pos identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to cs_pos;drop user bf_sys_user cascade;create user bf_sys_user identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to bf_sys_user;drop user csbjf cascade;create user csbjf identified by dhhzdhhz default tablespace jxc temporary tablespace jxc_t;grant connect,resource,dba to csbjf;bfapp8,bfpub8,pos_user8,bfbhdd8为百货POS服务器用户-exp bfapp8/DHHZDHHZyhmd file=(/backup/pos01_$rq,/backup/pos02_$rq,/backup/pos03_$rq,/backup/pos04_$rq,/backup/pos05_$rq,/backup/pos06_$rq) owner=bfapp8,bfpub8,pos_user8,bfbhdd8,cs_pos,csbjf,bf_sys_user buffer=640000000 filesize=2147483648 compress=N log=/backup/pos_log$rq在其他门店POS服务器导出exp cs_pos/dhhzdhhz owner=cs_pos,bf_sys_user,csbjf rows=n file=posserver_stru.dmp log=posserver_stru.logexp bf_sys_user/dhhzdhhz owner=bf_sys_user rows=y file=posserver_sysuser.dmp log=posserver_sysuser.log在本店POS服务器导入imp cs_pos/dhhzdhhz fromuser=cs_pos,bf_sys_user,csbjf touser=cs_pos,bf_sys_user,csbjf ignore=y file=posserver_stru.dmp log=posserver_stru.logimp bf_sys_user/dhhzdhhz fromuser=bf_sys_user touser=bf_sys_user ignore=y file=posserver_sysuser.dmp log= posserver_sysuser.log /Oracle数据库随linux系统启动关闭及自动备份Oracle自动启动修改配置文件使用root用户修改/etc/oratab文件$ vi /etc/oratab orcl:/ORACLE/app/product/10.2.0/db_1:N 改为： orcl:/ORACLE/app/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y 也就是将最后的N改为Y修改dbstart文件# su - ORACLE $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $ vi dbstart 找到 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=.这行， 修改成 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 （实际安装环境中的路径） 或者直接修改成： ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME测试dbstart是否执行注意：此步骤可以不操作1.修改dbstart和dbshut的日志文件的权限： $su - root #cd $ORACLE_HOME #chown oracle:oinstall startup.log #chown oracle:oinstall shutdown.log 2.执行相应的脚本进行测试 #su - oracle $cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $./dbstart (./dbshut) $ ps -efw | grep ora_ $ ./lsnrctl status $ ps -efw | grep LISTEN | grep -v grep 5.4. 创建服务 $su root #cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/ #vi oracled 文件内容参见文件“oracled”#!/bin/sh# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracled# chkconfig: 345 99 10# Description: Starts and stops the Oracle database and listeners# See how we were called.case $1 instart)echo -n Starting Oracle Databases: echo - /var/log/oracledate +! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up. /var/log/oracleecho - /var/log/oraclesu - oracle -c dbstart /var/log/oracleecho Done.echo -n Starting Oracle Listeners: su - oracle -c lsnrctl start /var/log/oracleecho Done.echo echo - /var/log/oracledate +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracleecho - /var/log/oracletouch /var/lock/subsys/oracle;stop)echo -n Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: echo - /var/log/oracledate +! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down. /var/log/oracleecho - /var/log/oraclesu - oracle -c lsnrctl stop /var/log/oracleecho Done.rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracleecho -n Shutting Down Oracle Databases: su - oracle -c dbshut /var/log/oracleecho Done.echo echo - /var/log/oracledate +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracleecho - /var/log/oracle;restart)echo -n Restarting Oracle Databases: echo - /var/log/oracledate +! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up. /var/log/oracleecho - /var/log/oraclesu - oracle -c dbstop /var/log/oraclesu - oracle -c dbstart /var/log/oracleecho Done.echo -n Restarting Oracle Listeners: su - oracle -c lsnrctl stop /var/log/oraclesu - oracle -c lsnrctl start /var/log/oracleecho Done.echo echo - /var/log/oracledate +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracleecho - /var/log/oracletouch /var/lock/subsys/oracle;*)echo Usage: oracle start|stop|restartexit 1esacexit 0保存退出。打开终端执行: $su - root #chown oracle.oinstall /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracled #chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracled 然后执行：chkconfig -add oracled chkconfig -list oracled chkconfig -list oracled 运行结果：oradbstart 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off 5.5检查服务根据上面的运行结果，当相应的运行级别为on时(例如：5:on)，在对应的 /etc/rc.d/rcN.d(例如：和5:on对应的是：/etc/rc.d/rc5.d)下面会生成一个文件：S99 oracled，使用vi S99oracled 打开该文件，可以看到该文件的内容和/etc/rc.d/init.d/ oracled内容相同，表示配置 成功，其实S99oracled 是一个到/etc/rc.d/init.d/ oracled的链接，我们可以使用file命令来查看： $file /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracled S99oracled:symbolic link to ./init.d/oracled备注说明：脚本文件中的：# chkconfig: 345 99 10指出3，4，5级别启动这个服务，99是在相应的/etc/rc.d/rcN.d(N为前面指定的级别，这里是345)目录下生成的链接文件的序号(启动优先级别)S99oradbstart，10为在除前面指出的级别对应的/etc/rc.d/rcN.d(N为除345之外的级别)目录生成的链接文件的序号(服务停止的优先级别)K10oradbstartOracle自动备份1 用oracle用户创建备份脚本backup_pos。 Vi backup_pos如下：# creator: GuoQiang Lan# function: backup database with expdp# creator: GuoQiang Lan# function: backup database with expdp# usage: crontab on AS4# main script# login oracle with sys user# dumpdir is directory of oracle10g#export tdate=pos_date +%Y%m%dexport dump=/backupexport arch=/archivelogfind $dump -name *.dmp -mtime +3 -exec rm -rf ;find $dump -name *.log -mtime +3 -exec rm -rf ;find $arch -nam