物流英语实验报告关于五种运输方式的优劣.doc

TransportationTransport tools such as cars, boats, aircraft, pipeline transport five kinds of railways, highways, aviation, water and pipeline transportation.1, railway transportation of advantages and disadvantages From technical performance on look, railway transportation advantages are: (1) the running speed, speed is in commonly 80 to 120 km; (2) transportation capacity (3) railway transport process by natural condition limit smaller, the continuity is strong, can guarantee the annual operation; (4) general performance is good, not only can be shipped guest and can be shipped all kinds of different goods; (5) the train departure time passenger transportation accuracy is higher; (6) the train running smoothly, safe and reliable; Railway transportation defect is: (1) investment is too high, spiraling cost per km railway for 100-3 million yuan between, railway in 400 5 million yuan cost between; (2) long construction period, a main building of 5 to 10 years, and covers an area of too much, as the growth of the population, will increase the burden of more to the society. 2, the waterway transportation of advantages and disadvantages From technical performance look, water and land transportation advantages are: (1) transportation capacity. In the five major way, the waterway transportation capacity is the largest, in the main, a snorting tugs or the barges transport team ability has more than ten thousand tons, the largest foreign the barges of carrying capacity of the team from 3 to 40000 tons, the worlds largest oil tanker has more than 500000 tons; (2) in the transportation conditions good channel, through the ability to almost not restricted. (3) water transport general performance is good, can be shipped guest not only, also can goods, can carry all kinds of goods, especially the big. (4) transportation cost low,; the main drawback of water transportation is: (1) by natural condition the influence is bigger, inland channel and certain ports affected by season, winter ice, water level become low, hard to ensure that annual navigation; (2) delivery speed is slow, the goods in transit, will increase the flow of the amount of money the owner. In short, the water transportation comprehensive advantages are more prominent, suitable for long distance, large volume, timeliness not too strong all kinds of commodities transport. 3 and road transportation of advantages and disadvantages Highway transportation advantage is: (1) is flexible and less wear of goods, transport speed, can realize the door to door delivery; (2)less investment, building roads, material and technology is easier to solve, easy in all the widespread social development, can saying is the greatest advantage of the highway transportation. The main drawback of road transportation is to:(1) transportation capacity is small (2) transportation energy consumption is very high, railway transport energy consumption were 10.6 15.1 times, coastal transportation energy consumption is 11.2 15.9 times, is inland waterway transportation 113.5 19.1 times, pipeline transport energy consumption is 4.8 6.9 times, but more civil aviation transportation energy consumption is low, only civil aviation transportation of 6% 87%; (3)high transportation costs (4) low labor productivity, 4, civil aviation transportation advantages and disadvantages Civil aviation transportation advantage is: (1) fast operation, general in 800 900 km/hour, shorten the distance between the two; (2) motor performance is good, almost to fly over the various natural barriers, can arrive other modes of transportation difficult to reach place. Defect is: the cost is high, a lot of energy and transportation capacity, high cost, small complex technology. 5, and the advantages and disadvantages of the pipeline Pipeline transport is with oil and natural gas output growth and developed, has become the oil, gas transportation on land the main mode of transportation, in recent years the solid material conveying pipeline, such as coal, lose concentrate lose pipe, also have very big development. The advantages of pipeline transportation is: (1) large volume of traffic, foreign a 720 mm diameter of conveying pipeline, a year can transport of coal 20 million tons, is almost equal to a coil of single direction of railway transport capacity; (2) transportation bill small occupies little space, pipeline need only laying pipelines, build the pump station, and the quantity of conditions than building the much smaller. And in the valley areas, mostly buried under it, do not take a farmland; (3) the energy consumption is small, in various transportation means is the lowest in; (4) safe, reliable, and no pollution, low cost; (5) against climate influence, and may, all-weather transport, goods delivered the high reliability. (6) pipeline can walk crosscut, transportation distance is short; (7) can achieve closed transportation, less waste. Pipeline transport defect is: (1) specificity is strong, can only transport oil, natural gas and solid pulp (such as coal, etc), but, in the field of occupying, have fixed reliable market; (2) pipe up with the highest traffic between the throughput by small, therefore, early in oilfield development, the pipeline transport difficulties, but also the highway, railway, water and land transportation as a transition.typeserrviceabilitypriceHighwayScope of the largest and fast affordableeconomical price.Pipesuitable for long-term u