专业英语课件InorganicChemicalNomenclatu.ppt

Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature,zengxiaoping,Words and Phrases,Striking 突出的，鲜明的 A fixed quantity of 一定量的 up to 一直到 Saturation point 饱和点 Get distorted in shape 变形,无机化合物命名（Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature） 1、元素命名（元素周期表）(Periodical Table),Names and Symbols for Some Chemical Elements,Name of compounds For the naming of compounds of metals (oxides, hydroxides and salts) in which the metal may exhibit more than one oxidation state: The oxidation state of the metal is shown by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the English name of the metal which corresponds to its oxidation number.,e.g. FeBr2: iron (II) bromide; Cr2(SO4)3: chromium (III) sulfate 如果不用罗马数字表明其价态， 也可用离子的名称表示 e.g. FeCl2: Ferrous chloride (iron (II) chloride) FeCl3: Ferric chloride (iron (III) chloride),No numeral is used if the metal has only one common oxidation number e.g. NaCl: sodium chloride; Al(OH)3: aluminum hydroxide Monovalent, divalent, trivalent, etc.,Some Common Ions (Cation),Naming nonmetal oxides Using the Greek prefixes for both the number of oxygen atom and that of the other element in the compounds The prefix used are: mono-(mon-); (2) di-; (3) tri-; (4) tetra-; (5) penta-; (6) hexa-; (7) hepta; (8) octa-; (9) nona-; (10)deca-. Generally the letter “a” is omitted from the prefix (from tetra on) when naming a nonmetal oxide and often “mono-”is omitted from the name altogether,Name of some nonmetal oxides,H3PO4: phosphoric acid PO4-: Phosphate H3PO3: phosphorous acid PO33-: phosphite H2SO4: sulfuric acid; SO42-: sulfate H2SO3: sulfurous acid SO32-: sulfite HClO4 : perchloric acid; ClO4-: perchlorate HClO3: chloric acid ClO3-: chlorate HClO2: chlorous acid; ClO2-: chlorite HClO: hypochlorous acid ClO-: hypochlorite,Names of some acids and acid ions,H2CO3: carbonic acid; CO32-: carbonate HNO3: nitric acid NO3-: nitrate HNO2: nitrous acid; NO2-: nitrite H2S : hydrosulfuric acid (aqueous solution) / hydrogen sulfide HCN: hydrocyanic acid (aqueous solution) / hydrogen cyanide CN-: cyanide HCl: hydrochloric acid (for aqueous solution) / hydrogen chloride,Names are formed by adding the word “hydrogen”, with numerical prefix when necessary, to denote the replaceable hydrogen in the salt. Hydrogen should be followed without space by the name of the anion Anion: 阴离子；Cation: 阳离子 e.g. NaHCO3: sodium hydrogencarbonate (sodium bicarbonate); LiH2PO4: lithium dihydorgenphosphate; Na2HPO4: Disodium hydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4:?,Acid salt (Acid containing acid hydrogen),聚合物相关专业词汇 1. macromolecule, polymer 高分子，又称“大分子” 2. supra polymer 超高分子 3. natural polymer 天然高分子 4. inorganic polymer 无机高分子 5. organic polymer 有机高分子 6. inorganic organic polymer 无机-有机高分子 7. Organometallic polymer 金属有机聚合物 8. element polymer 元素高分子 9. Oligomer 低聚物, “齐聚物“,10. Dimer 二聚体 11. Trimer 三聚体 12. Prepolymer 预聚物 13. regular polymer 规整聚合物 14. irregular polymer 非规整聚合物 15. Atacticpolymer 无规立构聚合物 16. Isotacticpolymer 全同立构聚合物 17. syndiotacticpolymer 间同立构聚合物 18. heterotacticpolymer 无规立构聚合物 19. stereoregularpolymer, tactic polymer有规立构聚合物,20. monodispersepolymer, uniform polymer 单分散聚合物 21. polydispersepolymer, non-uniform polymer 多分散性聚合物 22single-strand polymer 单股聚合物 23. double-strand polymer 双股聚合物 24. multi-strand polymer 多股聚合物 25. carbon chain polymer 碳链聚合物 26. Heterochain polymer 杂链聚合物 27. heterocyclic polymer 杂环高分子,28. straight chain polymer 直链高分子 29. linear polymer 线型聚合物 30. three-dimensionalpolymer 体型聚合物, 又称“网络聚合物(network polymer)”、交联聚合物(c