版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit1Alandofdiversity讲义新人教版选修806149.doc

Unit 1A land of diversity重点单词1.ministry n(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责2hardship n苦难；困苦3federal adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的4boom n(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期5vice n& adj.代理的；副职的6nephew n侄子；外甥7cattle n牛(总称)8luggage n行李9shave vt.& vi.刮；剃10brake n闸；刹车vi.& vt.刹(车)；用制动器减速11slip vi.滑行；滑动；滑跤n滑动；滑倒12hire vt.& n租用；雇用13nowhere adv.无处；到处都无14justice n正义；公平15mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；悼念16authority n权威；权力(pl.)当局；官方17reform vt.& vi.改革；革新n改革；改造；改良18grasp vt.& n抓住；抓紧；掌握19insert vt.插入；嵌入20illustrate vt.说明；阐明illustration n说明；例证；图解21distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著22majority n大多数；大半major adj.主要的vi.主修n专业minority n少数23elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举；挑选；选择24racial adj.人种的；种族的race n种族；比赛25indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n迹象indicator n指示器；指示信号26apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地重点短语1.live_on 继续存在；继续生存2.by_means_of 用办法；借助3make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 4.keep_up 保持；继续5back_to_back 背靠背 6.team_up_with 与合作或一起工作7mark_out 画线；标出界线 8.take_in 包括；吸收9a_great/good_many 许多；很多 10.apply_for 申请重点句型1.介词in/of 后接what引导的宾语从句Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.(教材P2)Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.(教材P2)2it is likely that.很可能However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)3why 引导的表语从句(This is why.)This is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材P2)4Its believed that.人们认为It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(教材P3)语法要点复习名词性从句用作主语、宾语和表语What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.(教材P5)However, most applicants know that they have very little chance of getting a visa.(教材P5)1majorityn大多数；大半Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.(教材P2)在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向本地人传授天主教。(1)(2)(3)Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which a/the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.英国成为历史上第一个都市社会一种多数人居住在城市而不以务农为生的社会。78 percent of volunteers were female, the majority of whom were(be) between 20 and 40 years of age.78%的志愿者是女性，其中大多数年龄在20岁到40岁之间。I graduated from Beijing Normal University and majored in information management.我毕业于北京师范大学信息管理专业。The white are in the majority in Australia while the native people in the minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。【提示】a/the majority of名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。2electvt.选择；决定(做某事)；选举某人By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(教材P2)到1850年加利福尼亚成为美联邦第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。(1)elect(2)election n选举Purchasers can elect to_pay(pay) in monthly installments. 购买者可选择逐月分期付款。She was the Minister of Education before he was_elected(elect) President last year.在他去年当选总统之前，她是教育部长。During his election(elect) campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.在竞选活动期间，他承诺要重振经济。3occurvi.发生；出现It didnt occur to me that thered be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday.(教材P5)我没想到我度假的同时那里刚好要庆祝一个盛大的节日。某人突然想起 The possibility that Carolina might be wrong never occurred to her.卡罗莱娜压根没想过自己可能会错。I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred(occur)我正沿街寻找停车的地方时，那起事故发生了。It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.她突然觉得她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。4indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(教材P7)试着用上面的表达表明你在认真聆听同伴的讲述。(1)(2)indication n表示；显示；迹象As is_indicated(indicate) in the survey, more and more people choose to travel abroad.调查显示，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。There are clear indications(indicate) that the global economy is improving.有明显的迹象显示全球经济正在改善。1by means of用办法；借助Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(教材P2)科学家们认为这些定居者是通过史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲的。by this means用这种方法by any means 无论如何by no means决不，一点也不(放在句首时，句子部分倒装)by all means务必，不惜一切地；(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以/没问题a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none worked.All possible means have_been_tried(try), but none worked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。By no means was he satisfied(satisfy) with the job and he asked us to finish it by all means.他对这项工作一点也不满意，他要求我们务必完成。【提示】means意为“方式；方法”时，单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。2take in包括；吸收；收留；理解；欺骗Its a 79 km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(教材P8)这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。【一词多义】写出下列句中take in的含义。This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.包括He was homeless, so we took him in.收留The students find it difficult to take in what you teach.理解Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗take away拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；(突然)大获成功take on呈现；雇用；承担take over接收；接管；取代take up占据；(开始)从事My writing career took off when I discovered my own style.找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.开会和接电话占用了一天中的大部分时间。In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.在过去的几年里，这个村庄呈现出了一个新面貌。1介词in/of后接what引导的宾语从句Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.(教材P2)最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。【句式点拨】what在句中引导宾语从句，表示所指的某事(物)，意思相当于the thing(s) that/which。what可引导主语从句、表语从句以及动词或介词后的宾语从句。What he says is very reasonable.他说的话很合理。He is what is generally called a traitor.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I heard. 作为你的一个朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的事情。I dont care about money or about what people call position.我不在乎钱，也不在乎人们所谓的地位。They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state.他们把他们所能挣的百分之五十交给了国家。2it is likely that.很可能However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)然而，土著美国人有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。【句式点拨】It is likely that.意为“很可能”，本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。likely可以用possible, probable来替换，只是probable可能性大些。此句型可转化为：sb/sth be likely to do sth某人/物可能做某事，但不能用sb be possible/probable to do sth。It is very likely that, in many schools, the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.在很多学校，学生做家庭作业的时间很可能比过去少。It is likely that the weather will be fine.The weather is likely to be fine.天气可能会很晴朗。3why 引导的表语从句(This is why.)That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材P2)这就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。【句式点拨】(1)This/That is why.为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是为什么”，用来表示原因。(2)Thats because.意为“这是因为”，because从句表示原因时，只可用在“It/This/That is/was.后”。(3)The reason why.is/was that.意为“的原因是”，此句型结构中表语从句常用that引导，而不用because，即当主句中有reason或why时只可用that引导。This is why it is possible to produce more food on the same amount of land.这就是为什么能够在同样面积的土地上生产出更多食物。Tom came late for the meeting. That was because he was ill.The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他生病了。There are a number of other reasons that/which might explain why you have a terrible headache.有很多别的原因可以解释你为什么有严重的头痛病。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1There is a great deal of evidence indicating(indicate) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.2He was a tall, thin man who lived alone and apparently(apparent) had no family and no visitors, except for the MealsonWheels guy twice a week. 3Having filled in an application(apply), he was interviewed by the boss.4Although her husband died, the old lady lived on for many years with an optimistic attitude.5Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the US.6I managed to rent a big enough house to take in homeless people.7Recently, a new law has been brought in to discourage racial(race) prejudice.8A good judge will try to make the punishment(punish) fit the crime.9If you want to keep off the weight you lost, you must keep up the new healthier eating and exercise habits. 10John and his wife argued the question of whether they should have another child.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1One day occurred to her that if she couldnt avoid the problem, she might just as well try looking at it from a different angle.2You should apply the job immediately, in person or by letter. 3When he was at a loss, he was lucky to hear a nice voice from a loud speaker announcing that his lost luggage found. 4An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members against it.5They have tried all means, which possibly are helpful, but unfortunately not a means worked so far.6A large percentage of this hotels income from the visitors to the lake nearby.7Id like to work with is honest and easy to get on with.8Twenty head of were eating grass on the grassland when a wolf came over.9It is honorable to make life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.10He is addicted to computer games, and that is he has to drop out of school.课文语法填空California is the 1.third(three) largest state in the USA and has the largest population. It has attracted people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in 2.what we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans 3.living(live) in California than in any other state. California 4.was_ruled(rule) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish 5.influence(influential) in the state today. People began 6.settling/to_settle(settle) in California when gold was discovered there.7.Attracted(attract) by the climate and the lifestyle, more and more people from different parts of the world still immigrated 8.to California, including Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be 9.so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups, but simply a 10.mixture/mix(mix) of many races and cultures.阅读理解A(2018东北师大附中高三段考)In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States, they came across the ancestors of the modernday Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the basket makers, the Anasazi, or the ancient ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe(土砖) and wood. Anasazi houses were originally built in holes and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 AD, the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into groups of multistoried large buildings, which the Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate rooms under the ground in these pueblosknown as kivaswere set aside for religious ceremonies. Each kiva had a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms.The Anasazi family was matrilinear(母系遗传的). The holy objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother, or son. Women owned the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men, who, in contrast to most other native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and pottery; the men made cloth and jewelry.Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land disputes(争议) and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The solid political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了16世纪的阿纳萨齐人的生产方式，劳动分工以及部落首领的职责等内容。1What do we know about the Anasazi people?AThey were good at growing crops. BThey were immigrants from Spain.CThey stored their crops in caves.DThey had battles against the Spanish.解析 A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，他们擅长种植农作物，故选A项。2What does the underlined word “they”(Paragraph 3) refer to?AWomen. BPueblos.CRooms. DCrops.解析 D代词指代题。该词所在句子.once they were harvested用的是被动语态，也就是说they是harvest这个动作的承受者，根据上文内容可以判断，此处指上文中的the crops，即：收割农作物，故选D项。3What can be concluded from the text?AThe Anasazi benefited from trade with the Spanish.BThe division of labor in Anasazi society was clear.CThe Spanish caused harm to Anasazi society.DConstant conflicts existed in Anasazi society.解析 B推理判断题。第三段讲到阿纳萨齐人的劳动分工问题，即：最年长的女性掌握着家族的圣物，但实际仪式由她的兄弟或儿子举行；妇女拥有普韦布洛的房间和粮食，生长中的农作物由男性管理；妇女制作篮子和陶器，男性制作布料和首饰。由此可见，阿纳萨齐人有明确的劳动分工，故选B项。4What can best describe the Anasazi?AAggressive.BHonest.CUnited. DSelfish.解析 C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，阿纳萨齐人的每个村庄的两个首领各司其职，配合良好。根据最后一句可知，阿纳萨齐人内部是很团结的，故选C项。BWhen its five oclock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them theyre done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cellphones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows on that clockbased work schedules hinder morale and creativity.Clocktimers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 am to 10 am, research from 10 am to noon, etc. On the other hand, tasktimers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and AnneLaure Sellier, they had participants organize different activitiesfrom project planning, holiday shopping, to yogaby time or todo list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs “task time”. They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that taskbased organizing tends to be undervalued and undersupported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to take more taskbased planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clocktimers, taskbased timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. Itll make those tasks easier, and the taskdoers will be happier.语篇导读本文为议论文。如今，我们在各处都能知晓时间，例如时钟、手表、手机和电脑，这是一件好事还是坏事呢？基于时间支配的工作又会对斗志和创造力带来什么影响呢？5What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?AIt makes everybody aware of time.BIt is a convenience for work and life.CIt may have a negative effect on creative work.DIt clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.解析 C推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，作者对于随处可知时间这件事是持有怀疑态度的。A、B、D项均表示肯定语气，且文章中并未提及，故选C项。6What did Tamar Avnet and AnneLaure Sellier find in their experiments about clocktimers?AThey seize opportunities as they come up.BThey always get their work done in time.CThey have more control over their lives.DThey tend to be more productive.解析 D细节理解题。根据第四段中They found clocktimers to be more efficient.可知，用时间定时效率更高，productive和efficient为同义替换词，均有“高效的”意思，故选D项。7What do the researchers say about todays business culture?AIt does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.BIt does not attach enough importance to taskbased practice.CIt places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers lives.DIt aims to bring employees potential and creativity into full play.解析 B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，在企业文化中，以任务为基础的组织形式容易被低估和不被支持，这与B项的含义(以任务为基础的做法不被足够重视)是相近的，故选B项。8What do the researchers suggest?ATaskbased timing is preferred for doing creative work.BIt is important to keep a balance between work and life.CPerforming creative jobs tends to make workers happier.DA scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.解析 A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，当执行一项需要更多创造力的工作时，应该使用以任务为基础的时间支配方式，故选A项。.语法填空(2018昆明滇池中学高三诊断)Have you ever told a story about someone but forgotten his or her name? Not 1.to worry(worry)! In English, we have special names to replace it, so your story doesnt come to a sudden stop.In the US, if a name has been forgotten, 2.simply(simple) say the name John Doe for a man, or Jane Doe for a woman. You can use these names for any situation where someones name is 3.missing(miss). For example: “Did you see that guy who got wet 4.in the rain？” “Ah yes, poor John Doe.” But 5.who exactly is John Doe? The name is not real. It first appeared around 6.the 14th century in English courts. It was used to protect the identity of certain people. Today, it is not used in England. Yet John Doe a