高考英语二轮复习语法系统讲解课件冠词

高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解,一、冠词,不定冠词的用法 1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”， 但不用于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明 是 何人或何物。 3、表示单位 4、表示“一类”,例1 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析 在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。,A,归纳：1. a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音是ju:或ju时前面用冠词a，u读时前面用冠词an。,例2 Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。,A,例3 _ steel worker makes steel. A./ B.A C. This D. That,分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类人有三种式： The bike is slower than the car. A bike is slower than a car. Bikes are slower than cars.,B,例4 Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。,A,例5 Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one,分析 give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look) make a living (promise) take a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile),B,例6 The old woman had _ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,分析 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper.,C,不定冠词的用法 考题点击1 The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. （04浙江） A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a,D,该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A型房子里，那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“，A-shaped 是元音开头，该用 an；而 seventeenth是辅音开头，所以该用 a。,考题点击2 Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. （05浙江卷） Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; a,C,“Taylor 夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿，她已经两次获得全国大奖了。” eight 是元音开头，所以该用 an；而后面的 have a gift for为一短语，表示“在 方面有天赋”，故答案为C。,例 There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,B,二、定冠词的用法,例2 _ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A.The, the, the B.A, an, a C.The, an, the D.The, the, a,分析 定冠词用于表示世界上 独一无二的物体名词前。,A,例3 _ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A,分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,B,例4 Our teacher gets up early in _ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening) in the daytime / at the beginning in the end,A,例5 There is a large ship in _ middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。 on the right (left) / in the front of in the middle of the meeting / at the foot of the hill,C,例6 Last night we went to _ cinema. A. the B. a C./ D. those,分析 牢记一些固定搭配： go to the concert (theatre),A,例7 The small town lies on _ Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,分析 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain华北平原,D,定冠词的用法 考题点击1 As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. （04上海春季） A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours,A,“按小时付费”，以及其它用来表示“按计算”都需用介词 by 加 the 加单位名词来表示，如：by the day; by the jin; by the pound; by the dozen 。但需注意：size; weight; time; length 等名词并不表示单位，所以不需加 the。,考题点击2 On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1. (05江苏卷) A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a,D,“the World Table Tennis Championship”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，用来表示一个机构名称。这类名词前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示“以4:1的比分”，是一个介词短语结构。,考题点击3 This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. （05辽宁卷） Athe; the Ba; the Cthe; 不填 Da; 不填,C,“这本书讲的是 John Smith 的人生故事”，是特指的，所以必须用 the。 “leave school” 表示“毕业”，不用冠词。类似的用法还有：finish school; in class; at church; go to school 等。,二、不用冠词的场合,例1 Paper is made of _ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that,分析 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。 Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal.,C,例 _ January is the first month of the year. A. The B.A C./ D. That,分析 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。 Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。 He was born in the Summer of 1964.,C,例3 I studies _ English in _ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the,分析 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe ),A,例4 They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C./ D. this,分析 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。 Christmas Day New years Eve National Day Childrens Day Teachers Day Wall Street,C,例5 The thief was thrown into _ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. /,分析 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的 部门时，名词前不加冠词。 背会下列词组：go to work (college, school, hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison) go to school/ go to the school上这所学校 go to bed/ be on the bed东西摆在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里,D,例6 _ running is good. A. The B. A C./ D. An,分析 动名词前一般不用冠词。 Walking on the moon is difficult. Seeing is believing.,C,例1 The students of _ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an,分析 名词数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。 turn to page3/ the third page Lesson One/ the first lesson gate Five/ the fifth Gate,B,零冠词的用法,例2 There is no _ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D./,分析 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或Any和 no时，均不再用冠词。 No books, not a book, not any books,D,例3 He often works late at _ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all,分析 表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。,A,例4 What does this word mean, _? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father,分析 家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father和mother大写时前不加物主代词，小写时前要加物主代词，如：my father, his mother。,B,零冠词的用法 考题点击1 If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. （05全国卷3） Athe; the B不填；a Cthe; a D不填；不填,B,在由介词 by 加表示交通方式的名词短语中，不用冠词。但如果 by 不表示交通方式，而表示地理位置，就需要加冠词了。如：by sea 乘船；by the sea 在海边,考题点击2 It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. ( 05北京卷) A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the, 不填 D. the, a,B,teachers 是复数名词，用来表示类属，不加冠词。只有在特定范围内的复数名词前才加冠词。“have a life”是一个习惯短语，表示“过着的生活”。,考题点击3 The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used. （01全国） A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /,B,sweater 的保暖性能取决于使用哪一种类型的羊毛。the 加单数名词 sweater 表示一种类型；而羊毛是物质名词，表示类属的物质名词不加冠词。,定冠不定冠 意思差千万 有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如： 1)at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课； in the class在班级中,注意一些特殊的情况：,3)go to school去上学; go to the school 到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在的前面 ; in the front of在的前部.,精选习题 1. This is song Ive told you about. Isnt it beautiful one? Athe /the Ba/a Cthe /a Da /the 2._Yellow River is _ second longest river in China. A. /, the B. The, the C. /. A D. The, a,C,B,3. -How far is it from our school to_ seaside? -It is _eight-kilometre walk from here. A. the; an B./ ;an C. the; a D./ ;a 4_China is_old country with _ long history. AThe，an，a B，an，a C，an，the D，the，a,A,B,*5. They had _ wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to _ Mount Emei by bus. A. a; the B. /; the C. a; / D. the; a,C,不定冠词的位置 考题点击1 _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,D,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，如： I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.,考题点击2 W