中级口译翻译概述.ppt

翻译概述,1. Whats translation? 2. Whats the translating process? 3. Whats the standards for translation? 4. What do you learn from this course?,Unit 1 America: the Land and the People,1. main points to learn; 2. exercises.,译例,1. The United States is a varied landof forests deserts, mountains, high flat lands and fertile plains. 原译：美国是一个地形多样的国家有森林、沙漠、山脉、平坦的高地和肥沃的平原。 改译：美国地形多样有森林、沙漠、高山、平坦的高地及肥沃的平原。,Comment: (1) 译文的简洁; (2) 修饰语位置的差异。,练习1：试评下列译文，并进行修改。 a. Her cheeks were loose and flabby. 她的双颊肌肉松弛而不结实。 b. If you turn to the left, you will find our institute at a distance. 如果你向左转弯，你就可以远远看到我们学校。 c. We took off and flew over the city and slowly gained height. 我们起飞了并且飞过城市并且慢慢飞高。 d. They are prepared to take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. 他们做事会采取主动，即使这样做要冒风险，也在所不惜。他们有勇气，不会轻易屈服。 e. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their medical treatment. 如果愿意，可以成为私人病人，自己支付医疗费用。,2. Almost every kind of climate may be found, but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone. 原译：境内有各种气候，但是美国的大部分处在温带。 改译：人们在美国几乎可以找到任何一种气候类型，但该国主要位于温带地区。,Comment: (1) 语态的转换 练习2：改译下列各句，注意语态的转换。 Americans are considered sentimental (多愁善感). What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world. She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science. It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.,3. The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. 原译：美国大陆东起大西洋，西至太平洋，横跨4500公里。 改译：美国大陆东起大西洋，西至太平洋，绵延4500公里。,Comment: 选词: 褒义词、贬义词、确切意义、 香港回归祖国 When Hong Kong reverted to Chinese rule July 1, women living in the former British colony continued to decide for themselves how many children they will have. In mainland China, meanwhile, the government continued to decide for them.,be blinded by the gain of success 因获得成功而利令智昏 评： “利令智昏”意思是：贪图私利使头脑发昏，丧失理智。其英文应该是be blinded by greed。英语原文是说：因为获得成功而不辨事实，与“贪图私利”没有任何关系。 试译：让成功冲昏了头脑/遮住了双眼,例1：The father is strict with his children and they have to toe the line. 父亲对孩子们很严格，他们必须言听计从。 “言听计从”是“说的话，出的主意，都听从照办，形容对某人非常信任”（现汉5：1565），其意在信任。此句中 toe the line 是指to do what other people say you should do, whether you agree with them or not，含”必须“、”被迫“做某事的意思，与”信任某人而做某事“没有任何关联。试译：父亲对孩子们很严格，他们必须严守规矩。,例2：He is always in (great) force and full of gossip. 他总是精神抖擞，满肚子的街谈巷议。 “街谈巷议”是“大街小巷里人们的谈论”（现汉：695），不带贬义，如： 台湾南部地震波及江西成为民众街谈巷议话题。 “看开幕式了吗”、“你看开幕式怎样”一时代替了清早的“招呼”，简直成为开幕式后第一天人们的“见面礼”；尽管有陈燮霞夺得首枚金牌的喜讯，但直到晚上，对开幕式的评价仍然是人们街谈巷议的热门话题。,原句中的gossip是converation or information about other peoples behavior and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks，是一个贬义词，一般译为 “流言飞语”（没有根据的话，多指背后议论、污蔑或挑拨的话）。 试译：他总是精神抖擞，满肚子的流言蜚语。,4Then, for hundreds of kilometers it crosses the fertile fields of the farm belt of the great Middle West. 原译：接着在大中西部农业地带绵延数百公里的肥沃田野的上空飞行。 改译：在接下来的数百公里之内，飞机飞翔在广袤无垠的中西部地区肥沃的农业带上空。,Comment: (1) 术语翻译错误； (2) 得意忘形。,练习4：下列译文因“形”损“意”，试进行修改。 a. The economic system of the United States is principally privately owned. 美国的经济体制主要是私有的。 b. The State pays to the mother a small weekly sum for each child in a family. 国家按照家庭中的每一个孩子每周给母亲少量津贴。 c. Many automobiles were being built by hand at the turn of the century and were much too expensive for all but the wealthy. 在20世纪初，许多汽车是手工制造的，对于除富人以外的所有其他人来说，其价格实在太贵。 d. One is invited to dinner at the home of a middle-aged couple. 一个人被邀请去一位中年夫妻的家中吃饭。 e. Chinese hear different things in what is said. 中国人能从所说的话里听出不同的意思。,5. Continuing into the West, the plane flies over vast prairies and rough cattle-grazing country. 原译：飞机继续往西飞行，越过辽阔的大草原和坎坷起伏的牧场。 改译：飞机继续向西飞行，飞越了辽阔的大草原和坎坷起伏的乡野地带，那里放牧着牛群。,Comment: 化词为句 He sank into a protesting chair. 他一屁股坐在椅子上，压得椅子吱吱作响。 Eight years ago they (a black woman and a white man) were married. They have survived their families shock and disapproval and the stares and unwelcome comments of strangers. 这对黑白夫妇是八年前结的婚。对此，双方家庭都曾十分震惊，而且都不赞成这桩婚事，陌生人总以惊异的眼光打量他俩，还说些很刺耳的话。所有这一切他俩都挺过来了。,So I swam, perhaps because of the long absence of foreigners in Sichuan, before an undeservedly large and enthusaistic audience.,They (the “Bill of Rights”) include provisions for freedom of speech, of the press and of worship; the right of citizens to meet peacefully; the right to be secure in ones own home against unreasonable searches and seizure of persons or property; and the right of any person charged with breaking the law to have a speedy trial by a jury of fellow citizens. 人权法案包括下列条款：公民享有言论自由、新闻自由和信仰自由，公民有和平集会的权利，有在自己家中享有安全、不受无理搜查、逮捕和没收财产的权利，任何被控违法者享有由本市市民所组成的陪审团进行及时审理的权利。,练习： 练习10：运用化词为句法，改译下列各句。 Law enforcement (司法部门) cannot responsibly stand aloof. American prisoners are permitted to write censored letters. Jordan cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference. That is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO. It was a pleasant uneventful journey.,Fords five dollars a day (to his men) caused not only a wage explosion in the city, but a population explosion. The presidents quick recovery from illness is a heavy blow to his political opponents. The little chaps good-natured honest face won his way for him. His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four. His father is a vigorous 80.,6. After crossing these high ranges, the plane can almost glide down into the rich valleys of California and, finally, to a landing not far from the beaches of the Pacific Ocean. 译文：飞机飞越这些崇山峻岭后，几乎可以从空中滑翔进入加利福尼亚富饶的谷地，最后，降落在距太平洋海滩不远的机场。 评论：本句的翻译体现了一个原则：英语中的介词（或介词短语）往往会译为汉语中的动词。例如： “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦！”她蹦着跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。,练习6：改译下列各句，注意介词的转换。 We are all against her proposal. She laughed in spite of herself. The United States is a federal union of 50 states. They worked long hours on meager food, in cold rooms, by dim lamps.,7. The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”, because many of its people are descended from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new land. 译文：美国历来以“大熔炉”而著称，因为很多美国人是移民的后裔，这些移民来自世界各地，在这块新的土地上安家落户。,Comment: 定语从句的翻译,练习7：改译下列句子，注意定语从句的处理。 This is the soldier who just returned from the front. Those who sacrifice themselves for the peoples cause are the real heroes of history. I knew my sister would tell my mother, who would probably tell my father. E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change, growth and innovation are the norm. Scientists have been devoted to developing high-yield rice varieties that sparked the green revolution in the 1970s.,Cambridge University has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Milton, Byron and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind. The people believe that the government should provide a framework of law and order in which they are left free to run their own lives. The Constitution divides the powers of the government into three branchesthe Executive, headed by the President; the Legislative, which includes both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representatives); and the Judicial, which is headed by the Supreme Court.,8. Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers, reaching a peak in the years 1880-1914. 原译：许多其他国家的人听说在美国经济上有很大的发展机会，还有宗教自由和政治自由，于是纷纷涌入美国，移民人数越来越多，1880年至1914年达到了顶峰。 改译：据报道，美国有巨大的经济机遇，人民享有宗教和政治自由。受到这些报道的吸引，很多国家的人纷纷涌入美国，数量不断增加，1880至1914年间达到了一个高峰。,Comment: (1) 顺序调整； (2) 化词为句。 I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on. 我雇了一头骡子，邮差权充向导，骑了一整天，然后他遥指着河那边的一幢木屋。我给他钱，他黯然拒绝，径自骑骡走了。,练习8：翻译下列句子，注意各句中的动作性词语。 The average American gets a good deal of pleasure out of telling others about his or her projects, exhibiting them for the neighbors, or taking them to the county fair, where they will surely win a prize. Though ethnic minorities make up less than 10% of the resident population, Britain is one of the easiest countries to enter, despite its insistence on maintaining border controls within the EU. Battered by an almost daily torrent of worrisome reports about the hazards of