人教版初三英语形容词和副词专项.ppt

形容词与副词,说明：形容词在中考中占总分值的8%左右；副词在中考中占总分值的10%左右，尤其频度副词和否定副词在中考中更是重点和热点。 形容词和副词通常出现在以下几种题型中： 1、用所给词的适当形式填空； 2、单项选择； 3.单词拼写 4、选词填空,中考英语专项复习 形容词和副词,用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征的词。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry,什么叫形容词?,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,He is a good student. I have something important to tell you.,当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every- 构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些 不定代词的之后.,Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?,作定语,The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.,只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词 你能说出几个？,alone afraid awake asleep alive able,作表语,形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语,We must keep the classroom clean.,He made us happy.,作宾语补足语,Colour it green.,与表示度量、空间的词语连用时，形容词要放在它所修饰的词语后面。 如： 1）He is sixty years old. 他60岁了。 2）This classroom is about 12 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high. 这一间教室大约12米长，6米宽，3米高。,当名词前有多个形容词修饰时，一般按下列词序排列： 限定词（定冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词） 描述性的形容词（如：interesting, fine, beautiful, happy等） 表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词（如：big/small,long/ short /tall,high/low, round等） 表示年龄、新旧的形容词 (如：young, old, new等) 表示颜 色的形容词（如：white, black, yellow等） 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词（如：American, French等） 表示物质、材料的词（如：stone, plastic, silk, wooden等）。,说明：不论在书面语，还是在口语中，作定语的形容词超过三个以上时，便会使句子显得很不自然。因此，上面所列的排列顺序，不可能同时出现在同一个名词短语中。 例如：a white cotton shirt 一件白棉布衬衫 a new wooden bridge 一座新木桥 that tall fat young man 那个高大粗壮的年轻人,形容词的构成通常有:,forgetforgetful helphelpful wonderwonderful useuseful carecareful beautybeautiful thankthankful colour -colourful,1、+ful,2、ed,exciteexcited worryworried surprisesurprised closeclosed featherfeathered interestinterested frightenfrightened,3、+ing,interestinteresting exciteexciting surprisesurprising followfollowing,sunsunny snowsnowy windwindy rain-rainy cloudcloudy healthhealthy,4、+y 所有表示天气状况的的形容词,wool-woollen wood-wooden,5、+ en,6、+ern (东西南北),east-eastern west-western south-southern north-northern,副词在形容词的基础上变化ly,1、直接在词尾加ly 2、以辅音字母加y结尾的变i加ly,形容词的比较级 和最高级构成和用法,形容词有三个等级： 原级；比较级；最高级。,形容词的比较级和最高级构成,规则变化,不规则变化,taller harder larger wider,tallest hardest largest widest,bigger hotter fatter wetter,biggest hottest fattest wettest,happier drier earlier,happiest driest earliest,narrower cleverer,narrowest cleverest,more difficult more popular more slowly,most difficult most popular most slowly,少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est,规则变化,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不规则变化,巧记： 特殊形式比较级 共有三对二合一 坏病两多并两好 little意思不是小 一分为二有两个 一是老来二是远,但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：excellent, wonderful, favorite等。,比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：a little, much, a lot, still, even, some, any, far等。例如： 1）My shirt is much cheaper than yours. 我的衬衫比你的便宜。 2）Lesson 3 is very difficult, but Lesson 5 is even more difficult. 第3课很难，但是第5课更难。,注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that, those来代替前面的词。例如： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong. The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs.,形容词原级的常用句型,Tom is as tall as Mike.,as+形容词原形+as,There are as many students in our school as yours.,否定 not as+形容词原形+as “和 不一样” 或 not so+形容词原形+as “不及不如,Tom is not as tall as Mike.,This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.,so+ 形容词原级+that丛句 such+名词that丛句,He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door ., too+原级+ to do sth.,He is too young to join the army.,形容词原级+ enough to do sth.,形容词原级的常用句型,1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词than Tom is taller than John 2、Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B ? Which is easier, maths or English? 3、能修饰比较级的副词及短：much(的多)、 a lot(的多)、even(更)、still（更）、a bit/alittle(一点儿) This city is much more beautiful than that one Today is even hotter than yesterday.,形容词比较级的常用句型,4、 is the +比较级 + of the two. Tom is the taller of the two boys. 5、数量 + 比较级 than He is three years older than his brother. 6、比较级+ and + 比较级， “越来越” Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热 7、The + 比较级，the + 比较级 “越，就越” The more , the better. 越多越好。,1.one of the+最高级+名词复数,形容词最高级的常用句型,2.最高级+of (in)(三者及以上范围的),3.This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句,Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers in China.,This is the worst film that I have seen these years.,Of all the movie stars, I think Zhao Wei is the best.,形容词最高级的常用句型,5.、the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + in/of,4.Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ?,Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?,The Yellow River is the second longest river in China,注意： 最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。例如： Which is the first most useful invention? 哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？ 如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。例如： Yesterday was my busiest day. 昨天是我最忙碌的一天。,用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。 e.g.,什么叫副词?,very, early, out, soon, quickly, 等等.,副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种： 1、时间和频度副词：now, then, often, always, early, today, already, soon, ago, yesterday等. 2、地点副词：here, there, everywhere, out, in, home, upstairs, above, below, inside等. 3、方式副词：carefully, politely, fast, well, extremely, anxiously等.,副词的种类,4、程度副词：much, little, very, rather, too, rather, almost, so等. 5、疑问副词：how, where, when, why（放在特殊疑问句前） 6、关系副词：when, where, why（通常引导宾语从句） 7、连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether（通常引导定语从句）,副词的种类,副词的比较等级构成和用法 副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级： 原级；比较级；最高级。,不规则变化,副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.,形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.,Attentions,Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.,Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.,fast-faster-fastest slowly- more slowly most slowly,注意：1、副词very可以修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。例如： This flower is very beautiful. I like English very much. (但不能说：I very like English.) 2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以。 例如：He is strong enough to lift the heavy box. The man has got enough money (or: money enough) to buy a car.,注意： 3、频度副词的比例表： always100%, usually80%, often70%60%, sometimes, at times30%40%, seldom, hardly ever5%, never0%,中考英语专项复习 形容词和副词,2、such