英语四级备考攻略-2.ppt

英语四级备考攻略,大学英语四级考试流程,8：50-9：00试音时间 9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做) 9：40-9：55做快速阅读 9：55-10：00收答题卡一 (即作文和快速阅读),9：55-10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项。 10：35-11：20 选词填空，仔细阅读，完型填空，翻译。 11：20全部考试结束。,Writing,三种文体：论说文，应用文，记叙文 三段结构: 开头、中间、结尾 四种类型：观点对比、利弊说明、问题解决、主题阐释 五大高分技巧： 卷面整洁，书写清楚 构思简单，少犯错误 中心突出，层次分明 固定经典，名言注目 重在变化，宁简勿滥,论说文结构模式,一、对立观点型 1、结构图,引出话题,一种观点认为,另一种观点认为,我的观点（结论）,2、常用句式 1)has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person. 2)There is a public debate/discussion/ controversy today about the problem of 3)Some people maintain/hold the opinion that. But other people hold a different point of view,4)Some people are inclined to think that On the contrary/in contrast, there are still many people who wont agree, and they claim 5)Those people who advocate/ support the argument/ statement believe that (Supporters, Proponents) claim that Opponents (Critics) point out that 6) For my part/As to me/As far as I am concerned, Id like to agree with the former/latter opinion.,1、结构图,提出问题,分析原因,解决方案,2、常用句式 1）Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem 2)Recently, the issue of has been brought to public attention. （Introduction) 3)The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing, For another 4)There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon. (Body Para),5)The first key factor to solve this problem is Another key factor is 6)People have found many solutions to dealing with this problem. (Conclusion) 7)It is high time we put an end to the deep-rooted (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) tendency (situation / phenomenon) of ,三、说明利弊型,1、结构图,描述现象,分析其优点,我的态度/看法,分析其缺点,2、常用句式 There are several advantages in The first/biggest advantage is that Another benefit is (好处） However, it has still some drawbacks. Firstly, Whats more, (坏处） As to me, I think the advantages outweigh/carry more weight than the disadvantages.(利大于弊）,书信写作,1、写作步骤 审题 确定基本框架 （写信目的具体说明客套话） 正式写作过程按提纲写作 修改成文 2、格式 称呼正文落款,预测,在过去几年中，我们已经目睹了人类活动引起的各种灾害。作为一位大学生，请写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关注这些自然灾害并保护环境，内容应包括： 1)举出人类活动引发的灾害的实例 2)指出一些必要的防范措施 3)号召大家行动起来拯救地球,A Letter of Appeal June 13, 2008 Dear friends, I am writing this letter to call on everyone to pay attention to the present disasters caused by human activities. As some of you may know, over the past years, floods, droughts, landslides, and dust storms have frequented our planet. Not long ago, tsunami swept the Southeast Asia, which caused enormous damage. All these have sounded an alarm to human beings. So it is high time that we make joint efforts to save our planet.,Above all, a task of top priority for us is to plant trees as many as possible, especially in the arid areas. At the same time, we should stop deforesting in large amount. And we can save our planet through many other ways, such as saving water and using recycled paper. So dont hesitate to act out these measures. Even a small action is meaningful to our planet. Please join us in the action of protecting our planet. If you are willing to do something to save our planet, please start from the little thing right around you. Thank you! Sincerely yours, Li Ming,Fast Reading,Key words Position Comparison Answer 以下几类词可为“关键词”： 1、标题、副标题、段落标题和图表 2、副词和形容词以及短语，特别是程度词，比较词如like, as, most, most of, least等 3、描述性的名词（主题相关） 4、以人名和地名为代表的表名称的词语 5、时间状语表示时间 6、特殊印刷体大写，斜体，粗体，特殊符号,Listening,*短对话：抓关键词，判断场景。 注意同形改写，同义替换 *长对话：问答原则。 *短文题：把握开头结尾，听清原因和转折。 *复合式听写： 单词：掌握速记技巧代替； 句子：先听大意写出关键词然后成句。,十大类标志词,1最高级标志词-形容词、副词最高级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / 2唯一级标志词-only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / 3因果项标志词-cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句 / 4转则项关键词-despite / in spite of / instead / while / from to / although （yet） / not only but also / 5序数项标志词-所有的序数词（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / ,6时间项标志词-when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / 7解释项标志词-or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / 8目的项标志词-to / for / 9总结项标志词-all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short 10强调项标志词 副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / 动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ,选词填空,1） 跳读全文，抓住中心 2） 阅读选项，词性分类 3） 瞻前顾后，灵活选择 4） 复读全文，谨慎调整,仔细阅读,五大题型： 细节题、态度题，主旨题，推理题，词汇题,十大命题原则： 一 、列举处常考 二 、转折处与强对比处常考 三、 例子常考 四、 数字与年代常考 五、 最高级及绝对性词汇常考 六 、专有名词常考,七、 隐蔽处常考 顾名思义，句子中隐蔽之处，容易忽略之处， 包括：同位语 插入语 定语 长句后半句 从句 副词 不定式 八 、因果处常考 连词 consequently because, since, for, as, therefore, 动词 cause, result in, originate from 名词 base, basis, result, consequence,九 、段落句常考 十、 特殊标点常考 破折号、 括号、 冒号、引号,十大答案特征,1、“体现中心思想的选项是答案” 2、“看似合理的选项不是答案；看似不合理的选 项是答案” 3、“照抄原文的选项不是答案；和原文作同义替 换的选项是答案” 4、“含义肯定的选项不是答案；含义不肯定的选项是答案” 5、“含义绝对的选项不是答案”,答案特征,can/could/may/usually/might/most(大多数）/more or less/relatively/be likely to 是答案 must/always/never/the most/all/only/ any/none/entirely不是答案 6、“含义具体的选项不是答案，含义概括的选项是 答案,答案特征,8、简单的不是答案，复杂的是答案 含义矛盾的是解；复合句是解；比较结构是解； 字面意思不是解；深刻含义是解 。 9、“虚词型的答案” 含有如下词语的选项是答案的可能性大：another、 other、more、either、1ater、both、either、also、 besides、additional、extra、different、particular、 nearly、almost、especially、eventually、表示“部 分”的词语。,10、发展、变化、重要是答案。 发展变化change/decay/improve/postpone/increase/ 重要是解important/necessary/essential/ 基础是解basis/be based on/ 反义项解在其中 形似项解在其中 近义项解在其中,完型填空,一、四步解题 第一步 重视首句，把握开篇。 第二步 速读全文，掌握大意。 第三步 瞻前顾后，灵活答题。 择优法 排除法 第四步 复核全文，调整答案。,二、八大解题法 1、 逻辑关系定位法： 2、 同现原则 3、 复现原则 4、 关联结构原则 5、 数字时间线索 6、 对应成分分析法 7、 语法结构分析 8、 无关词排除法,汉译英,解题步骤 1)首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达； 2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式将两个英文词或词组连接起来； 3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言,最有可能考查的句法,1）虚拟语气 其一，it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句中；,其二，suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句； 其三，suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句。,2）倒装结构 考点一：never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, by no means, under no circum