非谓语动词(语法课件).ppt

非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。 首先，我们通过例句来回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,To obey law is everyones duty. Im preparing to take the examination . Her dream is to be a doctor. Ladies and gentlemen ,I have something important to tell you . Teacher ask him to clean the blackboard. He came here to attend an important meeting.,Playing football is my favorite sport. Mary is considering changing her job. Talking to him is talking to a wall. I have a friend living in London. I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. Nobody was interested in the story he told. We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.,被动、完成、感到.的,主动、进行、令人.的,done,doing,the boy standing there,The leaves fallen on the ground,the clothes to wash tomorrow,an exciting news an astonished look,作宾语 V + to do,hope, wish, expect, want, desire, long, attempt prepare, intend decide, determine promise, agree, plan, manage, seem, happen choose, pretend, refuse, fail, arrange, learn offer, afford, prefer, demand, ,作宾语 V + doing,appreciate,admit,avoid,consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish forgive, suggest imagine, mind, miss, mention keep, practise, prevent, resist, risk,adapt to：适应 / adjust to object to 反对 relate to：与有关 contribute to get down to：开始做，着手 prefer to, stick to：坚持 / be/get used to devoteto pay attention to：draw (ones) attention to look forward to：期望 be addicted to沉溺于,to 为介词,understand/stand/bear, put off, give up , feel like,be worth, set about, be busy,Sb. spend doing sth. difficulty trouble/ fun/ good time (in) doing Theres no point doing Its no good/use doing,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,既能跟 to do又能跟-ing作宾语,consider try mean stop go on cant help,+,to do doing,非谓语动词解题技巧,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,二. 找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一. 辨别“谓与非谓”,非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结： 谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2 _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D.Though he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. been,C,E,注意标点符号,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her. 2.She is reading a book found on the way. 3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 4. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it.,一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语； 作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语； 作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。,A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. taken,D,B,Everything,they,1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,（三）分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词 和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,“You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,Jane,the two students,be dressed in be seated in be born in be located in be caught in be amazed at be faced with be aimed at be absorbed in be tired of be buried in,（四）分析时态,1. The building _now will be a restaurant .,2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .,3. The building _last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built,_,C,_,B,_,D,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus. 2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making,to catch up the first bus.,3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved,原则二： 用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.,ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别： 作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且 前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比 谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。 用括号里的词的适当形式填空 1. Write to the editor, _ that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ） 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest ) 3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare ) 4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep ),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是， 一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。 不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷） A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。 6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005山东卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching,8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. （2006陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. (2005广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动 式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式. 9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. （2007浙江卷） A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被 动式，因此 可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在 当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。,11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed,10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open and close 之间存在逻辑 上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。,of,a stranger,his eyes,sitting,seat vt.,fix ones eyes upon,=I was seated.,I seated myself.,=I sat down,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致. 12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. （2006陕西卷） A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 13. While watching television，_. （2005全国卷III） A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项 D 中的 rings 是错误的。,watching,faced with,(be) faced with,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式 （根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. （2005湖北卷） Being separated B. Having separated C.Having been separated D. to be separated,【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate 发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。 15. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. （2005江西卷） A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语， having made . 相当于 who had made. 的意思。,left,has,16.Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what country Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,he studied in ? he will