高二选修七模块二名词性从句.ppt

名词性从句,主语从句 （Subject Clause） 宾语从句 （Object Clause） 表语从句 （Predicative Clause） 同位语从句 （Appositive Clause）,作主语 作宾语 作表语 作同位语,基础回顾,基础回顾,名词性从句的连接词： 1) 连词：that, whether, if ,as if/though, because 2) 连接代词：what, who, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 3) 连接副词：where, when, why, how,（一）主语从句 【定义】,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句,注意点,1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后. 例: 误: When will he come is not known.,2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略. 例: 误: He will not come is true.,正: (When he will come) is not known.,正: (That he will not come) is true.,二.主语从句,3).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.,【it-主语从句】 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： It is 名词从句 it is 形容词从句 it is过去分词从句 it 不及物动词从句 it 动词短语（make （no） difference）从句,It is well known /reported / thought/said that It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ truethat It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no wonder that It seems/happens/appear that It that It doesnt matter/makes no difference whether,四、将主语从句变为简单句,一、句型“It happens /seems that 主语+谓语动词+”用“主语+happen/seem + 不定式” 例如： 1. It happened that the teacher saw him playing in class. The teacher happened to see him playing in class. 2. It seemed that he had seen the film already. He seemed to have seen the film already.,二、句型 It is said/reported/thought / believed that + 主语+谓语动词+可以转化为： 主语+be +said(reported, thought, believed ) to do ,It is said that the sports meeting will be put off because of the heavy rain. The sports meeting is said to be put off because of the heavy rain.,注意点 主语从句的主谓一致】,That they will come _certain. What he wants _ some water. What he wants _these books. 【结论】 主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式. What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句谓语动词用单数。 When and where well hold the meeting has not been decided yet. （when & where 指开会的时间和地点，属同一件事） When well have the meeting and where well have dinner have not been decided yet. (两个从句，when & where 指开会的时间和吃饭的地方，属两件不同的事情 ),（二）宾语从句,【定义】 在句中用作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句,【分类】 I heard that he joined the army. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 【结论】 动词宾语、介词宾语、形容词宾语,注意1. 【有些动词不能直接跟 从句】 dislike, love, depend on, help, take, like, hate, see to(负责,注意,照料), appreciate+ it +从句. Never take _for granted that I will help you. Better depend on yourself. A. that B. it C. which D. his,B,make, find, feel, think.后，用it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾, I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. I think it a pity to waste the food.,注意2.,We must make it clear that we mean what we say.,注意3that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 (a)、介词后的that不能省略。 Human beings are different from animals in that they can use language as a tool to communicate. b.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that不省略. eg:I dont think it right that you leave home without telling your parents. c.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中, 第二个that 不省略that 不省略. eg: He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.,下列宾语从句 必须用whether 引导， 不可用if: a. 从句后有or not 时，不可用if : I dont know whether he will come or not . b. 介词宾语通常用 whether 引导: It depends on whether he is coming or not . 这要看他是否会来。 c. 后接动词不定式时。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？,注意4.,（三）表语从句,【定义】 在句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句,表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词后，如：be，seem, remain等，有时用as if/though, because引导。 It seems / looks / appears as if / as though 看起来似乎/好像 基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。 从属连词：that, whether, as if, because 连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever 连接副词： where, how, why, when,2.注意点,1).引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略. 2).只能用whether,而不能用if 引导. .注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus. 4. because It/ This/That is because 那是因为 He was late. That was because he was ill.,（四）同位语从句,【定义】 在句中用作同位语的从句叫作同位语从句 该类从句通常用在idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth 等抽象名词的后面，说明该名词所表示的具体内容，常用的关联词有that, whether, how, when, where等 Words came that he had been abroad. That question whether we need it has not been considered.,注: 1. 同谓语从句多用that/whether 引导 2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,【同位语从句和定语从句的区别】 判断以下从句是定语从句还是同位语从句: (1)They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) The book that I bought yesterday is worth reading. (4) This is the question that I asked my teacher yesterday . (5) The problem that we have not enough money has not yet been solved.,同,同,定,定,同,.名词性从句的连接词,1. 缺什么用相应疑问词。 2. 什么都不缺用that. 3. 什么都不缺但要表疑问“是否”，用whether, 宾语从句且后无or not, 还可用if. 4. 什么都不缺，表“好象”，用as if。 5. 表“任何”“无论”，用“疑问词+ever”,名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序 【名词性从句中的语序问题】 1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (2011 济南模拟 ) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2、 The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,D,B,1.他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),2.你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),F,T,T,F,3. He asked me what was the matter with me. ( ),T,判断下列句子是否正确，（T or F）,陈述语序,【名词性从句中的时态问题】 1、Scientists think that the continents _ always where they_ today. (2011海淀期末 ) arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were 2、 Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (2011烟台检测) Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone,C,D,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,1.that 和what 的选用,1._ he wants is a book. 2._ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the game. 4.This is _ we want to know. 5.Is _ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。 但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。 而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,Remember it,2.that的省略,1.I dont think _ she is coming. 2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. 3.The reason is _ he is careless . 4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us. 5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. 6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone. 7. The reason lies in _ she works harder than the others do.,请用that/ (that)填空,A. (that) B. that,A,B,B,B,A,B,B,B,that引导的名词性从句，作主语、表语、同位语时一般不能省略。 在引导单个的宾语从句时可以省略，但在以下几种情况中that不能省略： 1）It 做形式宾语的宾语从句； 2）并列宾语从句中，从第二个 宾语从句开始都不可省略； 3）当that作介词宾语时，that 不可省掉。,Remember it,4.whether和if的选用,1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go.,A.if / whether B. if C.Whether D. that,C,A,C,C,c,C,C,C,Remember it,a. 主语从句中 b. 表语从句中 c. 同位语从句中 d. 介词后的宾语从句中 e. Whether后直接跟不定式 to do f. whether 后跟or not .,只用whether不用if 的情况：,1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2.I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 3.You may depend on _ that all goods will be shipped abroad in time. A. which B.it C. whom D. those,5.it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,Remember it,1.为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面。 2.it作形式宾语的情况 1)在“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中 2)动词是love，like, hate, appreciate, see to等，则用it作形式宾语，后再接宾语从句。,How and why he did the experiment are unknown to all. 2. How he did the experiment and why he did the experiment is unknown to all. 3. When he did the experiment has not been decided yet.,6、主语从句中的主谓一致,判断下列句子是否正确,is,are,Remember it,1.主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数； 2.如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数； 3.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。,7 : what (什么) / which ( 表选择, 哪一个),1. -Do you know_Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was?,what,which,which,考点8.选择填空 （what,whatever,who,whoever),1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2. _we need is more tim