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,第十讲 形容词与副词,专题一 语法知识,栏目索引,考点1 形容词与副词的语境辨析,考点2 形容词和副词的比较等级,考点3 形容词作状语,考点4 常见的连接性副词,考点5 形容词和副词的一些固定表达,解题方法,方法1 形容词词义辨析法 方法2 副词词义辨析法,强化练(十),1.Only five years after Steve Jobs death,smart-phones defeated _ PCs in sales.(2017江苏,29) A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional,考点1 形容词与副词的语境辨析,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世五年之后,智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。语境提到smart-phones(智能手机),与之对应的PCs(personal computers)应该用形容词conventional修饰,表示“传统的”。controversial有争议的;contradictory自相矛盾的;confidential机密的。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But _ explanations are hard to find.(2017江苏,34) A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞,但也难以找到别的解释。空格处与前面的“未必”(not necessarily)呼应,这里用alternative表示“另外的,可替代的”。aggressive好斗的,挑衅的;ambiguous模棱两可的,不明确的;apparent显而易见的,明白的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3.I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment. Im sorry,but he is not _ at the moment,for the meeting hasnt ended.(2017天津,3) A.busy B.active C.concerned D.available,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。很抱歉,但是此刻他没空(available),因为会议还没有结束。D项available可表示“(人)有空的”,符合语境。busy忙碌的;active活跃的;concerned担忧的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most _ statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.(2016江苏,31) A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明。explicit清楚的,明晰的,详述的;ambiguous模棱两可的,含糊不清的;original起初的,原来的;arbitrary任意的,随心所欲的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,解析 考查副词词义辨析。句意为:突然停下来可能是一次非常可怕的经历,尤其是你正在高速行驶时。especially特别,尤其,符合语境。eventually最终;strangely奇怪地;merely仅仅,只。,5.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,_ if you are travelling at high speed.(2016浙江,13) A.eventually B.strangely C.merely D.especially,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:在这篇文章里,你需要用具体的例子来支持你的总体性陈述。specific具体的,特定的;permanent永久的;abstract抽象的;universal通用的,普遍的。根据句意可知选A。,6.In this article,you need to back up general statements with _ examples.(2016浙江,16) A.specific B.permanent C.abstract D.universal,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:我非常感激所有那些志愿者,因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的;superior优越的;grateful感激的;attractive有吸引力的。根据句意可知,这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情,故选C。,7.Im so_ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(2015安徽,26) A.special B.superior C.grateful D.attractive,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,解析 考查副词词义辨析。句意为:他们或者个人或者通过他们的公司给敬老院捐款。legally合法地,法律上;sincerely真诚地;personally亲自,当面,个别地,就自己而言;deliberately故意地,谨慎地,慎重地。根据through their companies可知personally为正确答案。,8.They gave money to the old peoples home either _ or through their companies.(2015安徽,31) A.legally B.sincerely C.personally D.deliberately,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:迈克尔通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心,他想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.这一结构。careless粗心的;considerate考虑周到的;patient有耐心的;generous慷慨的,大方的。,9.It was _ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. (2015福建,23) A.careless B.considerate C.patient D.generous,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,考点归纳,解决词义辨析题的关键是牢记某些高频词的词义,掌握词义的有效办法就是通过语境去记忆,通过背诵句子来记忆词汇的音、形、义。 1.Did he break it accidentally (by accident/by chance)? No,purposely (on purpose). 他是不小心把它打碎了吗? 不是,是故意地。,2.Search your heart and ask if youre equally to blame. 扪心自问,你是不是同样也应该受到谴责。 3.Im especially (particularly) fond of pop songs. 我尤其喜欢流行音乐。 4.Eventually (Finally),he made it. 他终于成功了。,创设语境牢记下列高考高频词汇: increasingly,largely,meanwhile,merely,completely,partly,practically,rarely,accessible,accurate,adaptable,addicted,adorable,affordable,aggressive,alternative,apparent,artificial,available,casual,cautious,complex,confident,constant,contradictory,controversial,dramatic,effective,flexible,frequent,individual,inevitable,optional,permanent,potential,relevant,skeptical,secure, sensitive,responsible,subtle,transparent,unique等。,1.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _ in the coming years.(2016浙江,18) A.little more B.no more C.much more D.many more,考点2 形容词和副词的比较等级,解析 考查比较级。句意为:我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,希望在未来几年里能参加更多的活动。many more后省略了events。根据句意可知选D。,答案,解析,1,2,2.Andy is content with the toy.It is_ he has ever got.(2015四川,7) A.a better B.the better C.a best D.the best,解析 考查形容词的最高级。句意为:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。根据he has ever got可以推知这是“他得到的最好的玩具”,故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.否定词与比较级连用表达最高级的意义。 I cant agree more. 我完全同意。 2.比较级than any other单数名词/any of the other复数名词/the others/any of the others表示“某人/物比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“某人/物最”。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。,3.在倍数表达结构中,要把倍数放在比较结构前。 At a rough estimate,Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算,尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的3倍。 4.比较级前可用still,much,even,far,a lot,a bit,a great deal,以及分数、百分数等修饰,此时注意它们要放在比较级前。 Youre driving too fast.Can you drive a bit more slowly? 你开得太快了。你能开得慢些吗?,Could you please explain the assignment for Monday,Miss Smith? Certainly.Read the next chapter and come to class _ to discuss what youve read.(2015南京、盐城一模,24) A.preparing B.prepared C.to prepare D.to be prepared,考点3 形容词作状语,解析 句意为:史密斯小姐,请说明一下周一的任务好吗?当然可以。阅读下一章,来上课的时候准备好讨论你所读的内容。根据句子结构可知设空处应为状语,表示状态。此处prepared为过去分词转换为形容词,强调状态,说明到学校的时候已经准备好了。,答案,解析,考点归纳,形容词或形容词短语作状语时,一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末和句中,相当于一个状语从句,可表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间、条件、结果或让步。有时像非限制性定语从句一样,表示意义上的增补,其逻辑主语多为句子的主语。,1.Thanks for your directions to the house;we wouldnt have found it _.(2014江西,23) A.nowhere B.however C.otherwise D.instead,考点4 常见的连接性副词,解析 考查副词词义辨析。nowhere无处;however然而;otherwise否则,要不然;instead反而。句意为:谢谢你为我们指路,要不然我们找不到那所房子。故C项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,2.Its our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,_,supply more jobs.(2014安徽,33) A.however B.anywhere C.therefore D.otherwise,解析 考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我们希望的是,我们能在市场发挥更大作用,因此,提供更多的就业机会。however然而,表转折关系;anywhere无论何处,表条件;therefore因此,表因果关系;otherwise否则,表相反的结果。根据句意选C。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.表示增补:besides,further,then,similarly,likewise,moreover 2.表示等同:similarly,likewise,equally 3.表示对比:rather,oppositely 4.表示概括:altogether,generally 5.表示列举:first(ly),second(ly),finally 6.表示条件:otherwise 7.表示让步:however,still,yet,nevertheless,though,anyway,8.表示结果:therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus 9.表示时间过渡:meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally 10.表示同位关系:namely 11.表示着重特指:mainly,mostly,particularly,especially,1.The idea “happiness,”_,will not sit still for easy definition. (2014江苏,28) A.to be rigid B.to be sure C.to be perfect D.to be fair,考点5 形容词和副词的一些固定表达,答案,解析,1,2,解析 考查动词不定式短语意义辨析。to be rigid刻板地说,死板地说;to be sure诚然,的确,无可否认;to be perfect完美地说,说得完美些;to be fair公平而言,说句公道话。本句主干是The idea “happiness” will not sit still for easy definition.,其意思是:给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。根据四个动词不定式短语的意义和句子主干的意思,我们可以选择B项to be sure。综合考虑可知题干句意为:诚然,给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。,1,2,2.What did you do last weekend? Oh,nothing _.(2014大纲全国,35) A.much B.else C.ever D.yet,解析 句意为:上周末你干什么了?哦,没(干)什么事。nothing much和nothing else是固定短语,nothing much意为“没什么事”,nothing else意为“没有别的东西,没有别的事情”;nothing不和ever构成固定短语,但可以一起用在句中,表示“没有什么事情曾经”;nothing和yet也不能构成固定短语,但也可以同时出现在句中。由语境可知,此处显然是表示“没什么事”,故A项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.to be sure诚然,无疑 to be rigid刻板地说,死板地说 to be perfect完美地说 to be fair公平而言 to be frank坦率地讲 2.good/nice and.很,非常,完全 3.much lessstill less(承接前述否定内容)更不用说 still more还有更多;更进一步,4.so much the better那样更好 for better or (for) worse不论是好是坏,不论是福是祸 5.Not a/one (little) bit!一点也不! 6.last but not leastlast but by no means least最后但同样很重要的是,方法1 形容词词义辨析法 形容词的考查在高考试题中比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。,解题方法,典例1 Listening is thus an active,not a _,behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.(2015浙江,14) A.considerate B.sensitive C.reliable D.passive,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:聆听是一种积极的行为,而不是被动的接受,它包括听、理解和记忆。passive被动的,消极的,与前面的active对应。considerate体贴的,体谅的;sensitive易受伤害的,易受影响的,敏感的;reliable可靠的,可信赖的。,答案,解析,典例2 The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.(2015江苏,31) A.comprehensive B.complicated C.conscious D.crucial,答案,解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底、详尽的审查。comprehensive综合的,详尽的;complicated复杂的;conscious有意识的;crucial至关重要的。根据and判断,所填词和thorough(彻底的,细致的)意思相近,故选A项。,解析,方法2 副词词义辨析法 副词的考查在高考试题中也比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。具体来说,要注意:(1)一些副词的具体含义;(2)一些副词在具体句子中的辨析。,典例1 Most of us,if we know even a little about where our food comes from,understand that every bite put into our mouths was _ alive. (2015浙江,13) A.steadily B.instantly C.formerly D.permanently,解析 考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我们大多数人,如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话,就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命的。formerly以前,从前,符合语境。steadily稳固地,坚定地,不动摇地;instantly立刻,马上;permanently永久地,长期不变地。,答案,解析,典例2 Do you think shopping online will _ take the place of shopping in stores? A.especially B.frequently C.merely D.finally,解析 especially 特别,尤其;frequently经常地,频繁地;merely仅仅;finally最终。句意为:你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗?故选D项。,答案,解析,强化练(十),1.More employers now offer fresh college graduates _ jobs,hoping to seek out experienced candidates.(2017镇江一模,33) A.contemporary B.temporary C.permanent D.primitive,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为:现在更多的雇主给刚毕业的大学生提供临时性的工作,希望能找到有经验的候选人。contemporary现代的,当代的;temporary暂时的,临时的;permanent永久的;primitive原始的。故选B项。,解析,2.Pablo is a(n) _ person.At parties,he always spends time talking to anyone who looks nervous and out of place. (2017泰州中学摸底考试,22) A.conservative B.enthusiastic C.sensitive D.stubborn,解析 句意为:巴勃罗是个热心的人。在聚会上,他总是花时间和那些看上去紧张不安的人交谈。enthusiastic热情的,热心的,符合句意。conservative保守的;sensitive敏感的;stubborn固执的,均与句意不符。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.Theres little chance that we will succeed in changing our fate._,it is important that we try.(2017泰州中学摸底考试,29) A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless C.Otherwise D.Therefore,解析 句意为:我们能成功改变命运的机会不大,虽然如此,试一试还是很重要的。nevertheless然而,不过,虽然如此,符合句意。meanwhile同时,其间;otherwise否则,另外;therefore因此,所以。故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.If they throw stones at you,dont throw back.Use them to build your own foundation _.(2017南京三模,27) A.somehow B.anyway C.instead D.nevertheless,解析 句意为:如果他们向你扔石块,别扔回去。相反,用这些石块建造你自己的地基。somehow以某种方式,不知怎么地;anyhow无论如何;nevertheless然而,均不符合句意。instead相反,反而,此处相当于instead of throwing back,故选C项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.Why cant John land a _ job in years? Anyone with criminal records will be laid off first when it comes time to let staff go.(2017南京三模,28) A.rewarding B.demanding C.worthwhile D.stable,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为:这几年John为什么找不到一份稳定的工作?当要解雇员工的时候,有犯罪记录的人会被首先解雇。rewarding值得做的;demanding要求高的,苛求的;worthwhile值得的,重要的;stable稳定的,稳固的。故选D项。,解析,解析 句意为:为了促进对基本法的正确理解,我们需要勇气来阐明一些模棱两可的观点,并将这种体制付诸实施。ambiguous模糊的,模棱两可的,符合句意。artificial人工的,人造的,矫揉造作的;arbitrary武断的,任意的;absolute绝对的,完全的。故选C。,6.To promote a correct understanding of the Basic Law,we need the courage to clarify some _ points of view and to put the system into practice.(2017苏州调研,22) A.artificial B.arbitrary C.ambiguous D.absolute,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为:手术后不久,病人的免疫系统就会对移植的器官产生异质排斥反应。foreign异质的,外来的,符合句意。fragile易碎的,脆弱的;domestic国内的,家庭的,驯养的;transparent透明的,清澈的,明晰的,显而易见的。,7.Shortly after the operation,the patients immune system would reject the transplanted organ as a _ object.(2017南京、盐城一模,28) A.fragile B.domestic C.transparent D.foreign,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.Thanks to the efforts of the last three years,there has been a _ change in the infrastructure construction of our city.(2017南通一模,23) A.tentative B.confidential C.fundamental D.conventional,解析 句意为:由于过去三年的努力,我们城市的基础设施建设已经有了根本的改变。tentative不确定的,暂时的;confidential机密的,秘密的;conventional传统的,均不符合题意。fundamental根本的,重要的,a fundamental change根本改变,符合语境,故选C项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.Men are anxious to improve their circumstances,but are unwilling to improve themselves;_,they remain trapped. (2017苏锡常镇四市一模,28) A.besides B.therefore C.however D.instead,解析 句意为:人们急于改善他们的境况,却不愿意提高自身,因此,他们一直处于困境中。besides而且,表递进;therefore因此,所以,表因果;however然而,表转折;instead而是,反而,表示一种替代。根据句意可知,此处为因果关系,故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为:艾丽斯一直很友善并且体恤他人的遭遇。难怪她选择做一个救灾工作人员。allergic过敏的;immune有免疫力的;relevant有关的,切题的;sensitive善解人意的,体恤的。be sensitive to体恤,符合语境,故选D项。,10.Iris is always kind and _ to the suffering of others. No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.(2017南京、盐城二模,26) A.allergic B.immune C.relevant D.sensitive,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.The sum total of housework should be divided,according to household needs,and be assigned to members,_ with their will and skill. (2017盐城三模,22) A.concerned B.familiar C.consistent D.associated,解析 句意为:所有的家务活应该根据家庭的需要分配给家庭成员,并要和他们的意愿和能力相符。(be) concerned with与有关,涉及;(be) familiar with 对熟悉;(be) consistent with 与相符,一致;(be) associated with 与有关。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.He lived outside conventional ideas,he implied,because “I live alone mostly,in the middle of _”. (2017如东、前黄等高级中学四校联考,33) A.somewhere B.nowhere C.anywhere D.everywhere,解析 句意为:他暗示自己生活在传统观念之外,因为他说“我大部分时间都独自一人生活,与世隔绝”。in the middle of nowhere表示“与世隔绝”,故B项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.Many companies make it _ for job applicants to pass a medical examination before they are allowed to work. (2017徐州、宿迁、连云港、淮安四市模拟,26) A.compulsory B.comprehensive C.controversial D.contradictory,解析 句意为:对于求职者来说,许多公司把允许上岗之前通过体检作为一项强制性的检查。compulsory 义务的,必须做的,强制性的,符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为:中国不妨将增长率保持在百分之七以上。或者,为了营造健康的环境,将增长率设置在百分之六到百分之七之间。may as well不妨;也好。alternatively或者,要不然,二者择一地;differently不同地,相异地;accordingly因此,于是,照着,相应地;conversely相反地,颠倒地,反过来。根据句意,B项最适合。,14.China may as well keep its growth rate above 7 percent._,the rate may be set between 6 to 7 percent,for the sake of a healthy environment. (2017盐城阜宁中学模拟,24) A.Differently B.Alternatively C.Accordingly D.Conversely,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.Your car should be ready next Tuesday. We were _ hoping youd be able to do it by this Friday. (2016南京、盐城二模,26) A.still B.rather C.always D.even,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为:下周二你的车就应该准备好了。我们倒宁愿你能在本周五就可以做好这件事。still仍然;rather宁愿;always总是;e

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