高二非谓语动词课件.ppt

,非谓语动词,在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。,一、什么叫做非谓语动词,由于自身的特点和复杂性，非谓语动词是中学生 较难掌握语法项目之一，也是短文改错命题的一 个热点。非谓语动词内容很多，因此命题的知识 点也有很多。短文改错除了考查非谓语动词的基 本功能外，还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动 词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。,易错点回顾： 下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动 名词：belong to, object to(反对)， devote oneself/ones time/energy to， get down to(着手干)，lead to (通向，导致)，pay attention to， look forward to (盼望)，be used to (习惯于)，stick to (坚持), see to, refer to, turn to等。 误 His whole family objected to his give up the job. 正 His whole family objected to his giving up the job.,2. 下列动词后只能跟不定式： afford, agree, ask, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。 误 He offered helping me. 正 He offered to help me.,3. 下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词： admit(承认)，appreciate, avoid, cant help(禁不住)，stand(忍受)， consider (考虑，打算)，enjoy, escape (躲避)，excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss（错过）, practice, put off, risk, set about, suggest(建议)等。 误 He admitted to break the window. 正 He admitted breaking the window.,4. 下列动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同： forget to do (忘记了要干什么) forget doing (忘了干过的事情) regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情) try to do ( 试图干) try doing (尝试干) stop doing (停止干) stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情) Mean to do(打算做某事） Mean doing（意味着） go on to do (继续去干另一件事情) go on doing (继续干同一件事情) 误 He regretted to hurt his best friend. 正 He regretted hurting his best friend. 析表示“后悔干过“，regret后跟动名词。,5. 下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。 误 My father had expected me going to college. 正 My father had expected me to go to college. 析“期望某人干“是expect sb. to do sth.。,6. 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语， 但在被动语态中要加上to：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to等。 误 The boy was made wash the truck as a punishment. 正 The boy was made to wash the truck as a punishment.,7. 在easy, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant 等形容词后的不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 误I find the article difficult to be understood. 正 I find the article difficult to understand.,9. 由不及物动词构成不定式且不定式与其有逻辑 上的动宾关系时，动词的后面需加适当的介词 补充说明前面的名词或代词。 误 He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry. 正 He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry about. 析worry是不及物动词，且与前面的名词有 逻辑上的动宾关系，因此后面需加介词。,二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：,不定式 （to do） 现在分词 （doing） 过去分词 （done） 动名词 （doing）,三、非谓语动词的特征,1、动词特征：,A、时态： 一般式 完成式 to do to have done doing having done,I think it wise _ (ask)him for advice. They seem _ (finish) their work. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice.,to ask,to have finished,Having done,hoping,1. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her? A. pleasing B. to have pleased C. to please Dhaving pleased 2. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up,C,C,B、语态： 主动语态 被动语态 to do to be done to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done,He asked _ (send)to work in the factory. He is said _ (send) to London already. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.,to be sent,to have been sent,being discussed,Having been told,注：1.非谓语动词的否定结构 非谓语动词的否定结构是：not +非谓语动词,The patient was warned not to eat oil food after the operation. Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again. Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.,1.The _ (excite)people rushed into the building. 2.When we came to school that morning, we found all the windows _ . A. being stolen B. to be stolen C. stolen D. to have been stolen 3.The teacher stood there _ by his students. A. to be surrounded B. surrounded C. having surrounded D. to have been surrounded,excited,C,B,一、 不定式与动名词作主语,不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作，尤其是指将来的动作。,动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。,_ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play _ with fire will be dangerous. A. To play B. Playing,A,A,I appreciated _ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given 2. Revolution means _ the productive forces. A. to liberate. B. to have liberated C. liberating D. having being liberated,A,C,3. The teacher doesnt permit _ in class. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. to have a smoke 4. She pretended _ me when I passed by . A . not to see B . not seeing C . to not see D . having not seen,C,A,二、 动名词与不定式作宾语,在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。,非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：,A. 以下动词常接不定式作宾语,wish、ask、promise、pretend、fail decide、learn、agree、manage、demand 、plan、refuse、seem、expect,B. 以下动词常接动名词作宾语,suggest、finish、enjoy、mind、avoid 、 miss、 practise、excuse、consider、cant help,1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时，表示具体得某次动作，尤其是将来的动作； 接动名词时， 表示习惯、经验、体会。,I prefer being alone. I prefer to stay at home today.,C. 既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动词,注 2. remember、forget、regret 等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一已经发生了的 动作。,I forgot telling him the news. I forgot to tell him the news. I dont remember having ever promised you that.,注 3. want、need、require等此后接不定式 用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句 子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表 物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：。,Your watch needs repairing to be repaired. The windows need painting again to be painted again.,If I had remembered _ (close) the window, the thief would not have got in. 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. This sentence needs - (improve).,to close,to rest,improving/to be improved,4. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C . ride ; to ride D . to ride ; riding 5. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going,C,A,6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired,C,D,8. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days. 9. _ (help) by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.,Helped,sailing,三、非谓语动词作状语,1. 现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动 和进行的动作。 2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点，一是表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动作。,1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更明确。 2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。 3. 条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件状语从句。 4. 让步状语：有时可加 although , though , even if , even though , whetheror 等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。 5. 方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。,A. 现在分词与过去分词作状语,1. 表示时间（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。 2. 表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中）。 3. 表示条件（多置于句首）。 4. 表示让步（多置于句首）。 5. 表示结果（多置于句末） 。 6. 表示方式或伴随 （多置于句末）。,B. 不定式作状语,不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。（just/only）,She looked into the window, and wanted to see what was going on inside.,She looked into the window to see what was going on inside. She hurried to the airport, only to be told the movie star had gone away.,注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。,To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.,Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.,=so as not to lose his job.,动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before, after ,on, by, in ,without 等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：,C. 动名词作状语,Without saying a word, he went away. On arriving in Beijing, he telephoned me. On coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table.,_(know) that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 2. _(finish) the homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school. 3. _ (write)in simple English, the book is easy to read. 4. _ (become)a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.,Having known,Not having finished,Written,To become,6. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A having added B. to add C. adding D. added 7. _ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Look 8. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,C,B,A,不定式,现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别: 不定式:强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全过程。 过去分词:强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的动作。 表被动或完成之意。 现在分词:强调被补足的宾语或主语正进行的动作。 常见有以下几种用法：,四、非谓语动词作补足语,1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如 hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch 等词的句子中。（感官动词）,2. 表示“致使”等意义的动词，如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, set 的句子中。（使役动词）,3.with 引导的结构中,She was glad to see her child well _ (take) care of. 2. We are pleased to see the problem _ (settle) so quickly. 3. I could feel the wind _ (blow)on my face from an open window.,taken,settled,blowing,4. With a lot of work _, he didnt go to the film. A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. having done 5. He knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before _. A. flying; sent to sleep B. flying; sendi