英语国家概况第二课英国概况IntroductiontotheUK.ppt

An Introduction to English-Speaking Countries 英语国家概括,张 学 力 QQ：1772708276 邮箱: 1772708276QQ.com,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,1. Geography 2. Population 3. Economy 4. History 5. Culture 6. Politics 7. Diplomatic Relationships 8. Sports 9. Leisure Life,UK in the World,1. Geography,1. Geographic Features,Island country; no part of Britain is very far from the coast; good, deep harbors. Tilting: rising in North-West, highland; sinking in South-East, low land. Weather: mild temperature; plenty of rainfall,Topographic Map of the UK,2. Population Distribution,Land area: 244, 820skq Total population: 60, 943, 912 (2008) (18th in the world) Distribution:,England: about 84% Scotland: roughly 8.5 % Wales: 5% Northern Ireland (since 1921): less than 3%.,Source: Office for National Statistics; National Assembly for Wales; General Register Office for Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (updated Jan 2008),it is more than twice as densely populated as France (106/sqk), eight times as densely populated as the USA (31/sqk) and 100 times as densely populated as Australia (2/sqk).,Britain is a relatively densely populated country 248 people/skq, 6th in the world. (2007),1st. Bangladesh1023/skq 2ed. Japan: 338/ sqk 3rd. India: 333/sqk 11th. China: 138/sqk 20th. USA: 31/skq,Map of Population Density,Source: National Statistics website: .uk,3. History,Prehistoric Britain BC Roman Britain 43 AD Anglo Saxon Britain 450 Viking Britain 793 Medieval Britain 1066 Tudor Britain 1485 Stuart Britain 1603 Georgian Britain 1714 Victorian Britain 1837 Modern Britain 1902 +,Prehistoric Britain,The first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago. They were hunters and gatherers of food who used simple stone tools and weapons.,Roman Britain,The Romans were the first to invade Britain and came to Britain nearly 2000 years ago. Even today, the ruins of Roman buildings, forts, roads, and baths can be found all over Britain. Britain was part of the Roman Empire for almost 400 years! the Roman armies left by the time of around 410 AD. Many English words are derived from the latin language of the Romans.,Roman Britain,Anglo-Saxon Britain,The Roman army left Britain about AD 410. When they had gone there was no strong army to defend Britain, and tribes called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded. They left their homelands in northern Germany, Denmark and northern Holland and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats. The Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain but never conquered Cornwall in the south-west, Wales in the west, or Scotland in the north. They divided the country into kingdoms. Missionaries from Roman spread Christianity across southern Britain.,Viking Britain,The Viking Age in Britain began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD and lasted for 300 years.,The Middle Ages - Medieval Britain (Normans),The Middle Ages in Britain cover a huge period. Norman Conquest began in 1066 The Normans built impressive castles, imposed a feudal system and carried out a census of the country.,The Black Death Moving through Europe,Tudor Britain,The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603 - one of the most exciting periods of British history. Henry VIII split with Catholicism and made himself head of the Church of England.,Henry VIII,Stuart Britain,The Stuarts had ruled Scotland since 1371, but James VI of Scotland was the first Stuart king of England.,Georgian Britain,In 1714 the British throne passed to a German family, the Hanoverians,Victorian Britain,The Victorians lived over one hundred and fifty years ago during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901) and was a time of enormous change in this country. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.,Modern Britain,Channel Tunnel,Opening Ceremony (6th, May 1994),Literature,Early Writing: Beowulf. Before the 8th century; earliest copy: 1, 000 AD; story of the 6th century Swedish warrior Beowulf and his conflict with a family of dragons. Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400) Literature works about King Arthur: Historia Regum Brittaniae (History of the Kings of Britain), 1138; Morte DArthur (Death of Arthur), 1470,Spirits of the Knights of the Round Table,To never do outrage nor murder. Always to flee treason. To by no means be cruel but to give mercy unto him who asks for mercy. To always do ladies, gentlewomen and widows succor. To never force ladies, gentlewomen or widows. Not to take up battles in wrongful quarrels. 永不暴怒和谋杀。 永不背叛。 永不残忍， 给予求降者以宽恕。 总是给予女士以援助。 永不胁迫女士。 永不因争吵而卷入战斗。,Elizabethan Drama,The Renaissance Marlowe (1564-1593): Dr Faustus Ben Jonson (1572-1637): Volpone, the Archemist, Bartholomew Fair William Shakespeare (1564-1616): Hamlet,19th Century Novel,The Romantic Movement John Keats (1795-1821) Mary Shelly (1797-1851) William Wordsworth (1770 1850),Jane Austen: Sense and Sensibility Bronte Sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Ann) Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist Walter Scott (1771-1832): Rob Roy; Ivanhoe,20th Century Literature,Modernism and Postmodernism Joseph Conrad (1857-1924): The Heart of Darkness (1902) Virginia Woolf (1882-1941): Mrs. Alloway (1925) “Stream of Consciousness” George Orwell (1903-1950): 1984 Ian Fleming (1908-1964): James Bond Stories,Education and Holiday,Education 1. Educational Policy 2. Educational System,Compulsory education for all children between the ages of 5 and 16 Four stages:,primary secondary further education higher education,Elementary and Secondary Education Two parallel school systems(双轨制): State system:11-year compulsory education Independent systemPublic schools（公学） “sixth form” (2 years) Higher Education Famous Universities,Two parallel school system: State systemlocal authority maintained 94% (Free to all children between the ages of 516) Independent systemPublic schools 6% (Parents pay for their childrens education) National curriculum Compulsory in state school Optional in independent school,State System,state system 11-year compulsory education 5-11: primary schools (co-educational/ mixed schools) 11-16: secondary schools (90% are comprehensive schools) GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education)普通教育证书考试,“sixth form” (2 years) A-levels (General Certificate of EducationAdvanced) for universities admittances GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications) for vocational training,Independent System,the most famous Eton, Harrow and Winchester 6 percent of all British children A privilege for the rich Better funded Better teachers Better facilities Better chance to enter famous universities,differences between time range required for degrees in British higher education system and the time range in Chinese higher education system,Famous Universities,Top 10 Britain University in 2007 University of Cambridge 剑桥大学 University of Oxford 牛津大学 Imperial College (London) 帝国学院（伦敦） London School of Economics 伦敦政治经济学院 University of St. Andrews 圣安德鲁斯大学 University College London 伦敦大学学院 University of Bristol 布里斯托大学 University of Warwick 华威大学 University of Bath 巴斯大学 University of Durham 达勒姆大学,Holidays and Festivals,Trooping the Color,Christmas,Easter,Cele