英语国家概况下册.ppt

英语国家概况(2) 英语国家社会与文化入门 朱永涛 主编 高等教育出版社,Part I. The United States of America Chapter 1Chapter 12,Chapter 1 American Beginnings 1. What is the American? 1) Crevecoeur, a French farmer Letters from an American Farmer 2) a new man with mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants,2. American Indians 1) mistakenly called by Columbus 2) having their aboriginal cultures a. the Aztecs b. the Incas c. the Mayas,3. “Discovery” of America Christopher Columbus a. an Italian sailor b. 1492, he landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and mistakenly called it “America”,4. New and powerful social forces in the 16th century that awakened the Europe and led to the discovery of America 1) development of capitalism 2) the renaissance 3) the Religious Reformation,5. The first English settlement in North America 1607, in Virginia,6. The Declaration of Independence 1) drafted mainly by Thomas Jefferson 2) adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776 3) main content a. all men are equal and b. have unalienable rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) c. the philosophy of government,7. Three important figures 1) George Washington 2) Thomas Jefferson 3) Benjamin Franklin,Chapter 2 The political System in the US 1. The Articles of Confederation 1) background 2)why it failed?,2. A federal system 3. The making of the US Constitution 1)fears faced when writing 2) What is government 3) when approved? 4. 3 parts of the government 1) the legislative: the Congress 2) the executive: President 3) the judicial: Supreme Court 5. Bill of Rights,Chapter 3 American Economy 1. Industrial Revolution in America brought about many changes 2. Stock 3. Problems accompanied the development of modern American industrial capitalism,4. Factors of the success of its business and industry mainly four factors 5. Agribusiness agricultural business,Chapter 4 Religion 1. WASP culture WASP White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, basis of the mainstream culture of the US 2. Religious liberty 3. Religious groups such as protestants, Roman Catholics John F. Kennedy was the first Catholic president in the US,4. Three faiths Protestant, Catholic and Jewish 5. Religious diversity 6. American characteristics of religion 1) no state religion 2) Separation between state and church 3) church is independent 4)little concentration on doctrine,Chapter 5 American Literature the continuous narrative of “pursuit of happiness” 1. Early fiction: Washington Irving 2. Transcendentalists: Emerson 3. Naturalists: Jack London 4. The Lost Generation: Hemingway 5. Harlem Renaissance: Langston Hughes 6. The Beat Generation: young writers,Chapter 6. Education 1. Goal of education 1) universal literacy 2) promote individual welfare and of the public 2. Boards of education whats its function? 3. Higher education four categories of institution,Chapter 7 Social Movement of the 1960s 1. Why did it begin? Dissatisfaction from 1) Afro-Americans 2) women 3) young people,2. Who worked in the movements? 3. What is social movement? 4. It mainly refers to 1) The Civil Rights Movement 2) The Youth/Anti-war Movement 3) The Womens Movement,Chapter 8 Social problems 1. Racial problem what is the black “ underclass”? 2. Poverty 10% people live at or below poverty line 3. Drug abuse one of the most challenging social problem,4. The profile of a typical criminal young, male, city residents of racial minority, but actually, elder, wealthier, white, more from suburb 5. The abuse of power 1) by government 2) by corporation,Chapter 9 Technology 1. Early 19th century John H. Hall, Cyprus H. McCormick, the Stevens family 2. Late 19th century 1) Thomas Edison 2) American system of manufacture a. Taylorism b. Fordism,3. Early 20the century development of radio 4. mid 20th century change in household technology 5. Late 20th century military development for peaceful time usage,Chapter 10 Scenic America 1) the Grand Canyon National Park 2) Yellowstone national Park 3) Disneyland 4) the national Monument 5) Niagara Fall,Chapter 11 Sports 1. Football 2. Baseball 3. Basketball 1) NBA: national Basketball Association 2) Eastern/Western Division,Chapter 12 Early American Jazz 1. Jazz music first appeared in New Orleans, a blend of 1) folk music 2) work chants 3) spirituals 4) marches 5) European classical music,2. Blues 1) slow, ,sad music, from New Orleans 2) blend of work chants and spiritual 3. Ragtime music 1) black US origin 2) piano music, popular in 1920s 3) based on marching bands 4. Boogie Woogie 1) first appeared in Chicago 2) piano music, style in jazz 5. Louis Armstrong Organized Hot Five and Hot Seven,Part II. Canada Chapter 1318,Chapter 12 The Country and Its People 1. The Canadian Identity 2. The north region of Canada 3. The Prairies 4. Central Canada 5. The Maritimes,Chapter 14 the Government and politics 1. Historical background 2. Structure of government 3. Three influential Canadian leaders 1)the three Prime Ministers 2) similarities,Chapter 15 The Canadian Mosaic 1. Why is called mosaic? Whats the difference from melting pot? 2. The First Canadians 1) the First nations 2) the Inuit 3) the Metis,3. I