非谓语动词考点归纳.ppt

非谓语动词考点归纳,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,非谓语动词的句法功能,可充当成分: 主语 , 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.,一、不定式,不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改， 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开； 疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当； 逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否定， 各种用法区别开。,不定式在七个感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词 let, have, make等后作宾补时,to要省略,1.不定式作主语,To lose your heart means failure. It took me only five minutes to finish the job. To do two things at a time is to do neither,2.不定式作宾语,You neednt bother to come yourself. They are considering what to do next. Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.,afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire,1. I think youll grow _ him when you know him better. Aliking Bto be like Cto like Dto be liking,2. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard,某些及物动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语,这类动词有:mind, suggest, avoid, excuse, finish, allow, admit, resist, miss, enjoy, consider, imagine, advise, permit, prevent, delay, appreciate, give up, put off, feel like, consist on, cant help等。 I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. MET92.18) A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling (C),某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接动名词作宾语如。,这类动词有:hope, offer, help, expect, learn, demand, decide, refuse, ask, prepare, plan, choose, manage, pretend, fail, wish, agree等。 例:She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. Not seeing C. To not see D. Having not seen (A),3.不定式作表语,What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad. The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质,He is to marry Rose.,表按计划要做的事情.,4.不定式作定语,I need a pen to write with. Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.,5.不定式作宾语补足语,We often hear her sing the song at home. My teacher asked me to go there on time. She was considered to have stolen the money.,see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have,My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take,6. 不定式作目的状语,Tim sat near the fire to get warm. The athletes practised hard to win the match.,相当于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引导的目的状语.,1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 2All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. Ain order to have received Bin order to receive Cso as to be received Dso as to be receiving,3. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. ATo find out BFinding out CFind out DHaving found out 4. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have,7.不定式作结果状语,常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词 as to do引导。 Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. He is brave enough to go out alone at night Im not such a fool as to believe that.,1. The news reporters hurried to the airport , only_ the film stars had left. Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold 2. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found,8. 不定式作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后 I am happy to see you. She was sad to hear the bad news.,9.不定式的完成式.,表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要 注意与一般时的区别。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute. 对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等） Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）,1. You were silly not _ your car. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 2. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 3. - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official . to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left,10. 不定式的省略现象,不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。 例 I watched him disappear in the distance. 介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do ,不定式要省去to。 例 We did nothing but/except wait then.,不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。 例: What I want to do now is find some books to read.,1. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 2. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken,11. 不定式后动词的省略,动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。,1.- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight. - _. A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight . B. Id love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right 2.- Does your brother intend to study Germany? - Yes, he intends _. A. / B. to C. so D. that,句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式为 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的be或have。 例 -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ).,1The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make 2.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects 3.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 4. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone,二、动名词,充当成分: 主语 宾语 表语 定语,1. 动名词作主语,Seeing is believing. Playing chess is fun. Its no use waiting here.,2. 动名词作表语,The nurses job is looking after the patients. The nurse is looking after the patients.,3. 动名词作宾语,下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。 Do you mind my opening the windows?,下列动词短语接动名词： leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。 I am used to watching TV in the evening.,4. 动名词作定语,动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系. reading text a sleeping bag a walking stick running water developed country,I am used to watching TV in the evening. She regret not having studied the computer hard. His being looked down upon made him sick. I cant really stand being treated like that.,5. 动名词的时态和语态,三、分词,现在分词与过去分词. 充当成分: 宾语补足语,表语, 定语, 状语.,（一）现在分词,1. 现在分词作状语,现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。,V-ing 形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义, 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.,Being ill, he didnt go to school. =As he was ill, he didnt go to school.,Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）,If you use your head, you will find a way.,Though weighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.,We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）,解析,1.当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done 2. v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语,=Using your head, you will find a way.,= Though it weighes ,注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。 时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。 语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。 人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,1. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not completing D. Not having completed,4_from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. ABeing separated BHaving separated CHaving been separated DTo be separated,2. 现在分词作定语,1. The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung,2Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 3. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,（二）过去分词,1. 过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。,分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如： Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。,a、表示时间,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.,When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.,b、表示条件,Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.,As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.,She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.,Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,1_ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,2. 过去分词作定语,1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,3. 分词作宾补,1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等 2) 在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。,There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard. When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.,如:,1. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents . worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry,3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained,非谓语动词的其他考点:,1. 主语一致,1. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists,2While watching television, _. Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell rings Cwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorbell rings,2. with的复合结构,with + 名词+,doing to do done,1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 2_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. AHaving given up hope of cure BWith no hope for cure CThere being hope for cure DIn the hope of cure,1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法,mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事) mean doing意味(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事) forget to do忘记(要做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember doing记得(已做过的事) go on to do继而(做另一件事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事 go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop doing停止正在做的事 regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔,2.不定式的习惯用法,句型：cannot help but do cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do 上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如： Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is tak