专四语法讲解(状语从句).ppt

副词性（状语）从句,Adverbial Clause,副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。 状语从句的测试重点为：考查对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。,1.让步状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Concession,让步状语从句：除了2000，2007，2011年没考，其他年份都考过 由下列连接词引导：though, although, even if / though； as；while； for all (that) (虽然，尽管）; no matter how/ what / when / where, however, whatever等,eg. While I disapprove of what you say, I would defend to the death your right to say it. 虽然我不赞成你所说的话，我还是要拼命维护你这样说的权利。 Exhausted though/as she was, there was no hope of her being able to sleep. However wise a person is, he will make some mistakes.,真题讲解,1. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (09, 54) A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However A 2. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (08, 55) A. Much enough B. Much as C. As much D. Though much B,3. _ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. (06, 51) A. Although B. Whatever C. As D. However D 4. _, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(05, 52) A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist A,5. _, Ill marry him all the same. (04, 52) A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor D 6. Whether my brother _ right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support. (01, 62) A. is B. were C. be D. would be C,7. _ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (03, 59) A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as D 8. Fool _ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (02, 58) A. who B. as C. that D. like B,9. _ I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. (01, 56) A. As long as B. As C. While D. Even C 10. Fool _ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing. (10, 55) A. who B. as C. like D. that B,11. _ he needed money for a few car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (98, 48) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. Though much A 12. _, he always tries his best to complete it on time. (99, 51) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task B,13. Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash. (99,52) A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to A 14. _, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.(97, 46) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions B,2.条件状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Condition,引导词除if外，还有unless, in case, if only ., only if ., provided / providing (that), assuming (that), so / as long as, on condition that, suppose / supposing (that), in the event that; whether or not 可表示选择条件句。,eg. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train. Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pass the test. In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果),You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank. (如果) Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如) Say it were true, what would you do about it? (假如),从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语和be一起省略。 这被称为带连词的无动词状语从句。 如： Although (he is) very young, he works as hard as an adult. The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.,真题讲解,1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week. (05, 64) A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if C,2. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (04, 55) A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated B,3. _ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. (04, 60) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would A 4. _ that the demand for gasoline continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before its price rockets to a terribly high level. (04, 64) A. Ascertaining B. Assuming C. Concerning D. Regarding B,5. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _ left untreated. (00, 42) A. after B. if C. since D. unless B,3.时间状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Time,（1）when , while; after; before; as; as soon as; once; until; whenever等引导的时间状语从句 eg. My husband was doing washing at home while I was out shopping. The racing car went out of control before it hit the barrier. The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March.,（2）Hardly / Scarcely . when; No sooner than eg. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house.,（3）the minute / moment /day, the first / second / last time, each / every / next time eg. New supplies came the day our fuel ran out. The machine starts the moment the button is pressed. Our greatest glory consists not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. 我们最值得骄傲的不在于从不摔跤，而在于每次摔跤后都能站起来。,4) since “自从”，从句用非延续动词，主句完成时态 eg. Since she went to New York, her father has not heard from her.,(5)副词directly, immediately, instantly, now引导时间从句, 相当于as soon as。 eg. The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm. Immediately his intentions are understood, he may leave. I recognized her instantly I saw her.,真题举例,1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left. (09, 60) A. when B. as C. until D. than D 2. I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (08, 56) A. when B. which C. that D. where A,4.原因状语从句 Adverbial clause of Cause/Reason,常用引导词since, as, because, in that, 等 (1)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如: Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.,(2)now that表示 “既然” ; seeing that, considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如: Now that we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once. He did poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had tried for them. Seeing that she is lawfully old enough to get married, I dont think you can stop her. 其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有: for the (simple) reason that, by reason that, on the grounds that等。,真题举例,1. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak. (08, 54) A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which C 2. Barry had an advantage over his mother _ he could speak French. ( 2001, 59) A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that B,5. 方式状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Manner,主要由as ，as if / though, (in) the way (that), (in) the same way (as), what等引导 eg. Everything happened as expected. Reading is to the mind what /as exercise is to the body. The way you are studying now, you wont make much progress.,真题举例,1. Nine is to three three is to one. (08, 53) A. when B. that C. which D. what D 【语法点】方式状语从句 【详解】 这是固定句型，用来指what前后两句话有着相类似的内在联系，即“A对B就如A1对B1”，类似的句子还有：Water is to fish what air is to men. 此句型中的what也可以用as。,2. She did her work _ her manager had instructed. （2002, 41） A. as B. until C. when D. though A 3. Intellect is to the mind _ sight is to the body. ( 2001, 45) A. what B. as C. that D. like A,6. 其他状语