学位英语部分讲义、翻译和范文.ppt

Passage A Oxford University,主谓一致,1.主语是一个抽象概念,谓语动词用单数 Eg. Growing flowers needs constant watering. 2.主语中含有and时,如果是表示一个单一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数 Eg. The iron and steel industry is very important in this country.,Passage A Oxford University,主谓一致,3.如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, not, except等引起的短语, 谓语动词用单数 Eg. Nobody but Tom and John was there. A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to research SARS.,Passage A Oxford University,主谓一致,4. Each,和由 some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语,谓语动词用单数 Eg. Is everyone ready? Somebody is using the computer. 5. Either, neither 通常用作单数 Eg. Neither of them has been there.,Passage A Oxford University,主谓一致,6. Many a, more than one修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数 Eg. More than one person was involved in the case. 7.不可数名词前面如有表示数量的复数名词,后面常跟复数动词作谓语 Eg. Four million tons of coal were exported last year.,Passage A Oxford University,主谓一致,8. 一个句子有两个主语是由eitheror, neither nor 连结时,谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致 Eg. Either you or Oven is to do the work. Either Oven or you are to do the work.,Passage A Oxford University,虚拟语气,1. would ratherthat从句一般过去时： 2.It is vitalnecessaryimportanturgentimperativedesirableadvisablenaturalessentialthat动词原形； 3. It is timeabout timehigh timethat一般过去时： 4. proposalsuggestionthat动词原形； 5. lestthatshould动词原形； 6.if onlythatwould/could动词原形。 were,Passage A Oxford University,倒装,以never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, well, many a time, nowhere, no sooner, only in this way, not once, at no time(任何时候都不), in no circumstances(任何情况下都不)等词引起的句子,常用倒装语序。,Passage A Oxford University,倒装,00623. Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived 90669. Hardly _ the helicopter _ when the waiting crowd ran toward it. A) had . landed B) has . landed C) did . land D) was . landing,Passage A Oxford University,倒装,91662. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _ we all sat down to rest. A) when B) then C) than D) until,1) Everybody has some sort of disability. It can be physical. It can be mental. 2) For instance, we both wear glasses, and that, in a way, is a physical handicap. If you dont have a physical handicap, that means youre perfect person, which is not possible; theres no perfect person. 3) So when I say everybody has a handicap, its something that we have in common. You should not always think of yourself as a disabled person.,4) I may sit in a wheelchair, but thats just like wearing glasses. Its an assistive device, but its not what defines me. 5) I hope that when I meet someone, they dont remember me because Im in a wheelchair, but because Im a person whos in a PhD program, or someone who has done a lot in the education field or academically.,Asked 3 people to look out the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. (1) Chances are you will receive three different answers. (2) Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it. (3) Many psychologists today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him.,(4) Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. (5) By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.,Two friends were tarveling together through a forest. One of them said: “If we meet any wild beasts Ill help you and youll help me.” “Thats fine,” said his friend, and they walked on. 1) Suddenly a big bear ran out from behind a tree. The man who said he would help his friend at once got up a tree and hid himself among the leaves. The other man could not climb trees. 2) So he threw himself on the ground, closed his eyes and pretended to be dead.,3) The bear came up and sniffed at the mans head. It put nose close to his mouth and ears. 4) The man held his breath. The bear thought he was dead and walk away, for bears never touch dead men. When the bear was gone, and all was safe, the man in the tree came down. With a smile, he asked his friend: “What did the bear tell you when he put his nose so close to your ears?” “Well,” said his friend, “the bear said: 5) Dont trust those who leave their friends the moment they get into difficulty!”,Today we began harvesting. 1) We got up at daybreak, and after an early breakfast we started off for the rice fields. We got there after half an hours walk. The fields around us looked like a golden sea. 2) I have never seen anything so beautiful! We worked side by side with the commune members. At first some of us were rather slow. 3) The peasants showed us how to cut the rice and how to tie the bundles. Soon we learned to work faster.,Books Books are our good friends. They always play an important role at different stages of our life. During our childhood, they introduced us a wonderful world filled with interesting stories. In our adolescence, they helped us gain knowledge and teach us how to distinguish between the good and evil. When we have come into adult, they provide us with good opportunities to learn from each other and share different kind of feelings.,They also give us the wisdom to deal with various different kinds of problems in our work, study and daily life, and enable us to obtain get entertainment in our leisure free time.,Passage A Oxford University,Prepared by Orchard Zhan,19,14 points Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours.,Passage A Oxford University,Prepared by Orchard Zhan,20,Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life make our life easier and easier . Also, the fast contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase buy them.,Passage A Oxford University,Prepared by Orchard Zhan,21,However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem.,Passage A Oxford University,Prepared by Orchard Zhan,22,Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.,Exemplification Television can also play an educational role in our daily life. In China, for example, there are many educational TV stations in large cities. The programs they offer range from college courses to cooking skills. Owing to these programs, thousands of Chinese can obtain a college degree outside universities. More and more housewives or “househusbands” could cook as well as professionals, which, in fact, makes our life more interesting and enjoyable.,Comparison and Contrast Different people like different sports. Those who prefer to be outdoors usually take a great interest in hiking, swimming, skiing or mountain climbing. However, the indoor activities, such as chess, card-playing and dancing, are often enjoyed by those who want to be relaxed in the spare time. It seems natural that the youth favour the fast and strenuous games like baseball, basketball and football; whereas the aged prefer slow and light exercises such as jogging, walking and fishing.,Passage A Oxford University,Prepared by Orchard Zhan,25,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1.体育运动的好处， 2.体育运动可能带来的副作用， 3. 我参加体育活动的体会,Passage A Oxford University,Prepared by Orchard Zhan,26,Sport benefits us in many aspects. It c