Edemaburns水肿烧伤.ppt

水肿、烧伤,Edema & Burns,2014/4/11,Contents,1. 中毒、感染、胆管类疼痛、月经、癌症、溃疡等都可以引起腹部疼痛。,2. 腹部疼痛还能反映某种潜在的急症，包括阑尾炎、肠梗阻、胃肠道出血等。,3. 关节疼痛的主要原因是扭伤、痛风、骨折、骨关节炎、传染病等。,4. 咽喉疼痛的主要原因有感冒、病毒性咽炎、传染性单核细胞增多症。,6. 治疗偏头痛和鼻窦炎性头痛的最佳措施是什么？,5. 服用镇定药、非体类抗炎药、止痛药或阿 片麻醉剂等可缓解疼痛。,7. 各种类型的失眠都会使人感到白天困倦，注意力难以集中，早上醒来感觉精神萎靡不振，休息不好。,Contents,8. 偏头痛是一种终身性、遗传性大多数患者 都是具有家族性。阵发性偏头痛可以发展成为 慢性的日常性头痛。,9. 心理干扰，如悲伤、忧郁、焦虑、紧张、兴奋等。,10. 有些患者感到轻轻地按摩或适量的运动 有助于消除或减轻头痛。,Contents,11. 服用新药（药的副作用）突然停止用药逐步减少药量。,12. 床或卧室不利于睡眠，白天睡得过多也会使人失眠。,13. 如果你醒来精神振奋，就说明睡眠时间够了。,14. 许多人喜欢服用长效或大剂量的镇定剂来治疗失眠。,Contents,15. 他们只会使人白天精神不振。高浓度的镇静剂经常导致耐药性，并不能产生自然的、酣畅的睡眠。,16. 危及生命的疾病很少是由失眠引起的。,17. 咨询或许对心理障碍有一定的帮助；抗抑郁剂既有助于缓解失眠问题又有助于治疗抑郁症。,Contents,easily upset depressive disorder commit suicide psychiatric hospital impaired functions coronary artery asthma HIV,1,Depression,艾滋病病毒 损害功能 哮喘 冠状动脉疾病 容易烦躁 抑郁症 精神病院 自杀,Human Immunodeficiency Virus,morbidity mortality panic disorder social phobia high blood pressure diabetes heredity,2,遗传因素 高血压 糖尿病 身心失调 社会恐惧症 发病率 死亡率,Mental Illness,prepare pripe vt. 准备 observable bz:vbl adj. 显著的 swelling sweli n. 膨胀，胀大,上课前你预习功课了吗？什么是水肿？,Did you prepare your lessons before class? What is edema?,2. 水肿是指身体某些部位出现肿胀，通常发生在腿和下肢。,Edema is an observable swelling in certain parts of the body, which most commonly occurs in the feet and legs.,1,Edema,accumulation kju:mjlein n. 累积 excess fluid ekses n. 过度 flu:id tissues tiu:z n. 组织 blood vessel vesl n. 血管 pitting edema piti n. 凹陷,2,Edema,通常使用手指按压肿胀的下肢和皮肤就可以鉴别出凹陷性水肿。,Pitting edema can be demonstrated by applying pressure to the skin of a swollen leg, by depressing the skin with a finger.,肿胀的原因是因为液体在皮下和血管外组织的过多的积聚。,The swelling is the result of the accumulation of excess fluid under the skin, in the spaces within the tissues that are outside of the blood vessels.,indentation indentein n. 压痕 persist psist vi. 存留 persistence psistns n. 持续 release rili:s vt. 释放 differ from 与不同；区别于,3,If the pressing causes an indentation in the skin that persists for some time after the release of the pressure, the edema is referred to as pitting edema.,如果按压后皮肤出现凹陷，并且在停止按压一段时间后才能恢复，这就叫凹陷性水肿。,Edema,How does it differ from non-pitting edema? Pressure that is applied to the skin does not result in a persistence indentation.,如何与非凹陷性水肿区别？,在非凹陷性水肿中，这样的按压皮肤就不会出现持续性的凹陷。,3,Edema,Edema is caused by either systemic diseases or by local conditions involving just the affected extremities.,lymphatic limftik adj. 淋巴的 hypothyroidism haipairidizm n. 甲状腺功能减退 extremities ikstremitis n. 四肢,非凹陷性水肿可能发生在淋巴系统疾病和甲状腺疾病功能减退等疾病的患者中。,水肿既可以由全身性疾病也可以由肢体受到影响的局部性疾病引起。,4,Non-pitting edema can occur in certain disorders of the lymphatic system and in some patients with hypothyroidism.,Edema,What are the most common local conditions that cause edema?,varicose vriks adj. 静脉曲张的 thrombus rmbs n. 血栓 inadequate indikwt adj. 不充分的 pumping pmpi n. 脉动 vein vein n. 血管,引起水肿的最常见的局部性原因是什么？,最常见的局部性原因是下肢的静脉曲张和深静脉血栓。这些导致静脉血流的不充分。,The most common local conditions are varicose veins and thrombus of the veins of the leg, which can cause inadequate pumping of the blood by the veins.,5,Edema,intake inteik n. 摄取量 kidney kidni n. 解剖 肾脏 excrete ikskri:t vt. 排泄；分泌 urine jrin n. 尿 retain ritein vt. 保持,If the patients has kidney disease, the ability to excrete salt in the urine is limited, which causes the patient to retain water and develop edema.,盐的摄入是如何影响水肿的？,如果患者患有肾脏疾病，通过尿液清除盐的能力就会受到限制，因而导致患者体内水分增加而出现水肿。,6,How does salt intake affect edema?,Edema,chemicals kmiklz n. 化学品 electricity ilektrisiti n. 电力,Most people think heat is the only cause of burns, but some chemicals and electricity can cause burns as well.,烧伤是由于高温、化学用品或电击导致的组织损伤。,许多人认为高温是烧伤唯一原因， 但许多化学品和电流也可引起烧伤。,7,A burn is an injury to tissue resulting from heat, chemicals or electricity.,Burns,caustic k:stik adj. 腐蚀性的 esophagus i:sfs n. 食管 leak li:k v. 渗透、漏 leaky li:ki adj. 漏的 extensive ikstensiv adj. 广泛的 abnormallybnrmli adv.反常地 shock k n. 休克,What if a large amount of fluids leak from blood vessels?,饮用热的流质或腐蚀性物质能够引起食管和胃的灼伤。,倘若大量体液从血管内向血管外渗透将会怎样？,8,Drinking a very hot liquids or caustic substance can burn the esophagus and stomach.,Burns,In an extensive burn, loss of a large amount of fluids from abnormally leaky blood vessels can cause shock.,大面积烧伤引起大量体液从异常破损的血管中流失，可以导致休克。,8,Burns,vital vaitl adj. 生死攸关的 paralyze prlaiz vt. 使麻痹 rhythm rim n. 节奏；韵律 irregular iregjl adj. 不规则的 heartbeat h:tbi:t n. 心跳；情感,Yes, severe electrical shocks can paralyze breathing and disturb heart rhythm causing dangerously irregular heartbeats.,那么，电烧伤是个生死攸关的问题，是吗？,是的，严重的电休克可以使患者停止呼吸，扰乱心律，引起严重的不规则心跳。,9,So electrical burns is a vital problem, isnt it?,Burns,irritant iritnt n. 医 刺激物 poison pizn n. 毒物 毒药 acid sid n. 化学 酸，酸类 alkali lklai n. 碱 adj. 碱性的 phenol fi:nl n. 酚类 cresol kri:sl n. 有化 甲酚,Could you tell us