大学英语综合课程4B4-U3writingandtranslation.ppt

Part Four,Writing and Translation,1. Translation,2. Writing,Knowing About Translation,Translation Practice,Writing Practice,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,限制性定语从句的翻译,定语从句分限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句与其所修饰的先行词紧紧相连，与其关系密切，没有它，主句的意义不完整；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开，作为补充性叙述或者说明。在翻译限制性定语从句之前，首先要辨明引导从句的关系代词或副词，如 that，which，when，as，然后要判断由这些词引导的从句所修饰的先行词。限制性定语从句的翻译方法主要有以下几种：,Knowing About Translation,前 置 法,限制性定语从句的翻译,后 置 法,融 合 法,转 换 法,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,1、前 置 法,如果定语从句较为简短，可以把定语从句译成带“的”的定语结构，放在其修饰词之前。例如：,1) Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market.,评估一下自己的进步并计划下面的步骤有助于你应对自己要经历的变化以及劳动力市场的变化。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) Today, growing numbers of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater appeal to them.,如今，越来越多的男男女女在变换职业，或者重新开始一份对他们更有吸引力的职业。,3) Law offers us our best hope of overcoming the differences that prevail in the world.,法律使我们最有希望去克服世界上普遍存在的分歧。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2、后 置 法,如果定语从句结构复杂，译成汉语时作前置定语会显得太长而且不符合汉语表达习惯。这种情况下，往往可以将定语从句译成后置的并列分句。这样译时，有时需要重复先行词，有时不需要。例如：,1) He made the sound of sympathy which comes so readily from those who had independent incomes.,他发出了同情之声，这种同情之声是那些有独立收入的人最容易脱口而出的。（该句重复了先行词）,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) They like to work in free environments that allow them to express themselves in a wide variety of media writing, music, drawing, photographyin general, any art form.,他们喜欢在自由的环境中工作，使他们能够采用多种不同的媒介，如写作、音乐、绘画、摄影总而言之，用任何艺术形式来表现自我。（该句没有重复先行词）,3) He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.,他居然种出了200个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。（定语从句译成并列分句）,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,3、融 合 法,由于限制性定语从句与主句关系紧密，有时需要把原句中的主句和定语从句融合在一起，译成一个完整的句子。,1) There was nothing that interested him at the show.,展览会上没有什么东西使他感兴趣。,2) There are social, emotional, and moral considerations in our future that cannot be foreseen.,有一些未来的社会、情感、道德等方面要考虑的因素是无法预见的。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,3) Students who fail to think about the implications of their career choices often engage in rationalization (deceiving oneself with self-satisfying but incorrect explanations for ones behavior) or procrastination (putting off or delaying).,有些学生没有考虑到职业抉择会产生的影响，往往采取文过饰非（对自己的行为所作的解释虽能自我满足但却是错误的，以此来欺骗自己）或者拖延（推迟或耽搁）的态度。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,4、转 换 法,有些限制性定语从句兼有其他语法结构的功能，如状语从句的功能，在意义上与主句有状语关系，说明原因、结果、目的、让步或假设等关系。翻译时可以分析原文主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，然后译成相应的汉语。,1) He lived his life apart from the workers on whose skill he depended.,他不跟工人们生活在一起，尽管他依赖他们的技能。（译成让步分句）,2) He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.,他想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。（译成表示目的分句）,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Translation Practice,Directions: Translate the following amusing job interviews into English.,Words and Expressions You May Use: telephone bill 电话费 interpersonal 人际的 aesthetic judgment 审美观 initiative 进取性 job-hop (v.) 跳槽,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend? Applicant: Yes. I: Is he here, in this city? A: No, he is in another city. I: Sorry, we will not employ you. A: Why not? I: You would not be keeping your mind on your work. Whats more, we do not want to see our telephone bill increase enormously because of you.,A,面试官：你有男朋友吗？ 应聘者：有。 M：他在本地吗？ Y：不是，他在外地。 M：对不起，我们不能用你。 Y：为什么？ M：你不会安心在这里长期工作。另外，本公司也不希望因为你而使长途电话费大幅度增加。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,M：你有女朋友吗? Y：没有。 M：你追过女孩吗？ Y：追过，可是没追上。 M：你工作后准备再追女孩吗？ Y：先努力工作，暂不考虑婚姻问题。 M：对不起，我们不能用你。 Y：为什么？ M：你公关能力欠佳，况且缺乏自信。,B,I: Do you have a girlfriend? A: No. I: Have you ever dated a girl? A: Yes, but she didnt want to date me. I: Do you want to date girls after you have a job? A: I will set my mind on work first. I will not consider my marriage now. I: Sorry, we will not employ you. A: Why not? I: You are lacking in the ability of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Also, you lack self-confidence.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,M：你有女朋友吗？ Y：有。 M：她漂亮吗？ Y：不算漂亮。 M：对不起，我们不能用你。 Y：难道女朋友不漂亮也会影响贵公司的形象？ M：那倒不会。不过，本公司是经营艺术品的，你的审美观似乎不适合本公司的业务需求。,C,I: Do you have a girlfriend? A: Yes. I: Is she pretty? A: Not quite. I: Sorry, we will not employ you. A: Can it be that a plain girlfriend will affect your companys image? I: Its not that. But our company engages in works of art. Your aesthetic judgment does not satisfy our companys need.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,M：你有女朋友吗？ Y：有。 M：她漂亮吗？ Y：很漂亮。 M：她是你的初恋吗？ Y：是的。 M：对不起，我们不能用你。因为你缺乏不断追求的进取心。,D,I: Do you have a girlfriend? A: Yes. I: Is she pretty? A: Very. I: Is she your first love? A: Yes. I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you lack the initiative in pursuing the better unceasingly.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,E,M：你有女朋友吗？ Y：有。 M：她是你的初恋吗？ Y：不是，以前还谈过几个。 M：对不起，我们不能用你。因为你很快会跳槽的。,I: Do you have a girlfriend? A: Yes. I: Is she your first love? A: No, I had a couple of girlfriends before. I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you would soon job-hop.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,F,M：你有男朋友吗？ Y：有。 M：他很有钱吗？ Y：不是。 M：对不起，我们不能用你。因为你的工作要和钱打交道，我担心你经不起诱惑。,I: Do you have a boyfriend? A: Yes. I: Is he very rich? A: No. I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because your job is to work with money, I am afraid you cannot resist the temptation.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,G,M：你有男朋友吗？ Y：有。 M：他很有钱吗？ Y：是的，他有一家自己的公司。 M：对不起，你男朋友的公司都不用你，我们就更不能 用你了。 Y：可是，他的公司里没有适合我的职位呀。,I: Do you have a boyfriend? A: Yes. I: Is he very rich? A: Yes, he has his own company. I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because even your boyfriends company doesnt employ you. A: But thats because his company doesnt have a position suitable for me.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,M：那你是学什么专业的？ Y：秘书。 M：对不起，我们还是不能用你。漂亮姑娘会影响我们经理工作的。 Y：可是，我并不漂亮呀。 M：那就更不行了。如果你长得不漂亮，经理不会对你 有兴趣的。,I: Whats your major then? A: Secretary. I: Sorry, we still cannot employ you. Pretty girls will affect our managers work. A: But I am not pretty. I: Thats even worse. If you are not pretty, our manager will not be interested in you.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Writing Practice,Directions: An application letter usually includes the following four parts:,Writing an Application Letter,reason for writing (including how you found out about the job) relevant information about yourself how to contact you closing,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Directions: Thomas Gupton applied for the teller trainee position by mail. Read his letter and see if you can identify the four parts.,May 5, _ Apartment 2E 3465 Boulevard East Dallas, TX 75221 Fidelity National Bank P.O. Box 42B Dallas, TX 75221 Dear Sir or Madam: I would like to be considered as an applicant for the teller trainee (出纳实习生) position listed in todays Dallas Tribune.,Step One,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,I am 18 years old. I will graduate from North High School in June. Since my sophomore year, I have been taking business courses. I have taken Accounting 1 and 2, Business Law, Economics, and Word Processing. During my junior year, I participated in the Co-op Program in which I attended school one week and worked the alternate week. My work placement was at the Western Insurance Company, where I learned basic accounting procedures. I am currently employed part-time as a cashier at a Pathway Supermarket. These positions helped me to develop skills and confidence for handling large sums of money. I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My telephone number is 775-2684. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Thomas Gupton,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Use Thomass letter as an example. Write a letter applying for a job that you are interested in. Remember to include the four parts listed in Step One.,Step Two,Samples,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Sample 1,Dec. 28, _ Mailbox 352, _ University, _ Road, Dear Sir/Madam: I would like to be considered as a private tutor（家庭教师）listed in todays _ Evening Paper.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,I am 19 years old and right now I am studying at _ University, majoring in Energy. I am now a freshman and my high school years are still fresh in my mind. I passed the National Entrance Examination with flying colors*. So I believe that I have plenty of knowledge and rich experience in study and examinations. I am good at Chemistry and Physics in which your daughter needs help. I won the second prize in a national Chemistry contest and the third prize in a national Physics contest. And I can also help your child with her English and Math. If I become your childs tutor, I will do all I can to teach her and you will be satisfied with her progress.,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,I am eager to get this job because I want to enrich my teaching experience and learn how to get along well with others. Money is my secondary consideration. I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My phone number is _. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely Yours, XXX *With flying colors: extremely well.,Part Four: Writing and Transl