中考英语第二部分语法专题研究专题十一动词的语态课件人教新目标版.ppt

第二部分 语法专题研究,专题十一 动词的语态,分析近5年贵州真题可知，贵州中考对动词的语态主要在单项选择、完形填空、短文填空、词汇运用 （汉语提示和适当形式填空）和短文改错题型中进行考查。考点主要为4大语态：一般现在时的被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态，情态动词的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态。实义动词常考plant, clean, allow, make, invite 等词的被动语态，情态动词常考should, must, can等词的被动语态，选项一般都会涉及几种时态辨析，其中对一般现在时的被动语态的考查颇多。,预计2016年动词的语态仍会作为一个考查重点。以上几种语态都可能会考查，考生要掌握每一种时态的被动语态的构成，如：will do的被动语态为will be done等。,1. Attention, please! All the mobile phones _ during the meeting. A. must be kept off B. have kept off C. are keeping off D. must keep off,A,练讲重难点,考点抢测,3. Hurry up! Once the concert starts, nobody _ to enter the concert hall. A. allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. is allowing,C,2. Dont worry. You _ plenty of time to work it out. A. will give B. have given C. will be given D. are giving,C,满分点拨,贵州中考对于被动语态的考查一般会和时态相结合。因此考生在解答此类试题时，首先需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断出时态，对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据语境理解并结合常识进行判断。其次，根据被动语态的基本结构，动作的承受者（动作的对象, 多是名词）在空前、实施者在空后（有时也省略）判断出被动语态直接选择即可。具体讲解如下：,1. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词（用done表示）”构成。常见的几种时态的被动结构如下：,2. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 （1）图示：,（2）口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动,主动语态: They planted a tree. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态: A tree was planted by them. 宾语变主语 be+过去分词 主语变为by,（3）变换步骤： 将主动句的宾语变为主语。 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。 将动词改为“be过去分词”。 注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。,3. 常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构 （1）含有双宾语（即直接宾语和间接宾语）的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth. We were told the truth by Jack. 杰克告诉了我们真相。,将主动语态的主语改为by.，放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。,（2）主动语态中有些感官动词（如：hear, see, watch, notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear （see）sb. do sth. sb. be heard（seen）to do sth. 如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom. The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom. 我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。,（3）主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make，let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth. 如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day. His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day. 那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。,4. 不能使用被动结构的情况 （1）连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 （2）有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing（需要做某事）, be worth doing（值得做某事）等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess. It needs cleani