高考英语(北师大版)总复习课件Unit2Heroes.ppt

Unit 2 Heroes 基础知识梳理 词汇梳理 1. _ adj. 镇静的；平静的 2. _ adj. 慷慨的；大方的 3. _ adj. 暴力的 _ n. 暴力 4. _ n. 人物；性格 5. _ n. 省 _ n. 宇航员 7. _ n. 飞行；航班 8. _ n. 地心引力,9. _ n. 火箭 10. _ v. 高飞；翱翔 11. _ v. 探险 _ n. 探险 12. _ adv. 和平地；平静地 _ n. 和平 _ n. 记者；通讯员 14. _ n. 大气；气氛 15. _ n. 直升机 16. _ v. 挥手示意；致意 17. _ adv. 然后；后来,18. _ n. 革命 _ adj. 革命的 19. _ v. 建立；创立 20. _ adv. 就自己而言 21. _ adj. 平等的 _ adv. 平等地 _ n. 平等 22 . _ n. 斗争；拼搏 23. _ n. 抗议 24. _ n. & vi.行军,25. _ adj. 卓越的；辉煌的 _ n. 辉煌 26. _ adj. 灵巧的；熟练的 _ n. 技术 27. _ adj. 无用的 28. _ n. 冠军 29. _ vi.比赛；竞争 _ n. 比赛 _ adj. 有竞争性的；比赛的 30. _ adv. 幸运地,31. _ n. 运动员 _ adj. 运动的；运动员的 32. _ n. 灾难 33. _ vt. 促进；提升 _ n. 促进；提升 34. _ n. 伤害；损害 _ vt. 伤害；受伤 _ adj. 受伤的 35. _ vi. 反应 _ n. 反应 36. _ n. 质量；品质 37. _ adj. 自信的 _ n. 自信,自我校对 1.calm 2.generous 3.violent; violence 4.character 5.province 6.astronaut 7.flight 8.gravity 9.rocket 10.soar 11.explore; exploration 12.peacefully; peace 13.reporter 14.atmosphere 15.helicopter 16.wave 17.afterwards 18.revolution; revolutionary 19.found 20.personally 21.equal; equally；equality 22.struggle 23.protest 24.march 25.brilliant; brilliance 26.skilful; skill 27.useless 28.champion 29.compete；competition; competitive 30.fortunately 31.athlete; athletic 32.disaster 33.promote; promotion 34.injury; injure; injured 35.react; reaction 36.quality 37.confident; confidence,短语梳理 1. _ 在我看来 2. _ 达到某种状态 3. _ 渡过难关 4. _ 自杀 5. _ (在方面)取得进步 6. _ 相处融洽；进展 7. _ 参加；参与 8. _ 独自；靠自己 9. _ 受痛苦；患病 10. _ 别胡扯 11. _ 对作出反应,自我校对 1.in my opinion 2.come to 3.pull through 4.commit suicide 5.make progress (in) 6.get on 7.get involved in 8.on ones own 9.suffer from 10.come off it 11.react to,重点知识探究 重点单词 1. calm adj. (海洋)无浪的；(天气)无风的；镇定的 v. (使某人)平静；镇静 Calm yourself, please. 请镇静下来。 The sea is calm today. 今天海面很平静。 He appeared calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear. 他表面很平静,但内心却因恐惧而狂跳不止。,Still waters run deep. (谚语)静水流深。 Please keep calm when you are in danger. 危险时候要保持镇静。 Keep quiet! Dont make any noise. 保持安静！不要制造噪音。 知识梳理 calm (sb. ) down (使某人)平静下来 keep calm 保持镇静,探究练习 Please keep _ when I take your photograph. A. quiet B. calm C. still D. silent,【解析】 C 句意：请在我给你照相时不要动。still强调静止的状态,符合题意。calm主要指人沉着镇定或指自然界无风无浪；silent强调“无声的”；quiet 强调环境“安静的”。,2. character n.人物；角色；性格；汉字 知识拓展 (1)be in / out of character 是/不是本来的性格 (2)characteristic adj. 特有的；典型的 n. 特征；特点 be characteristic of 表现的特点；是 所特有的性格,They are the two main characters in the play. 他们是该剧中的两个主角。 It is out of character for John to cheat in the exam. 对约翰来说，在考试中作弊不合乎他的性格。 Its characteristic of her that she never complained. 从来不发牢骚是她的特点。,巧学助记 One may have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which build ones character. 一个人可能只有一种“性格”，但可能有多种“特征、特点”，所有这些“特征、特点”便构成了一个人“总的特征、品质”。,高考体验 (2009湖北)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character,【解析】 D 考查名词辨析。句意：独自远足很有趣，有益健康，也有利于塑造性格。respect“尊敬”；friendship“友谊”；reputation“名誉”；character“性格”。根据句意选D。,3. equal adj.平行的；相等的；均等的；胜任的；不相上下的 vt.等于；比得上 知识梳理 (1)be equal to 等于；与相等；用胜任 be equal in 在方面相同/相等 equal rights 平等的权利 (2)A equal (s) B A和B相等；平行 (3)equally adv. 相等地；相同地；公开地 equality n. 同等；平行,Not all men are equal in ability. 人的能力不都是一样的。 Two plus two equals four. 二加二等于四。 The two boys are equally clever. 这两个男孩同样聪明。 We all think she is equal to the task. 我们都认为她能胜任这项工作。,巧学助记,高考体验 (2010大纲全国)The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally,【解析】 D 考查副词辨析。句意：因为春秋两个季节的天气都非常怡人，所以这个小岛在这两个季节都很吸引人。partly“部分地”；merely“仅仅；只不过”；nearly“几乎”；equally“相等地，相同地”。根据句意选D。,4. separate v.分开； adj.分开的；单独的 We live in separate rooms. 我们住在各自的房间里。 The English Channel separates France from England. 英吉利海峡将法国和英国隔开。 This word has three separate meanings. 这个词有三个不同的意思。,发散思维 (1) separately adv. 单独地；各自地 She and her husband are living separately. 她和她丈夫分开住。 (2) separation n. 分开；分离；隔离 His separation from his family makes him very sad. 他和家人的分离使他非常悲伤。,Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开, 好吗? Divide the candies among the children. 给孩子们把糖块分开。 Part gold from silver. 把金银分开。 知识梳理 separate A from B 把A和B分开；隔开 get separated 分离；分开,探究练习 (1) _ the class into twelve groups. A. Divide B. Separate C. Part D. Separated,【解析】 A 句意：把整个班级分成12个组。divide强调“把整体分成部分”,符合语境。separate强调把原来在一起的人或物“分开；隔开”,分开后还保持各自的独立性”；part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”。故选A项。,(2) The little girl got _ from her friends in the dark. A. separate B. separating C. separated D. separation,【解析】 C 句意：这个小女孩在黑暗中同她朋友分开了。separate是及物动词表示“使分开”,故此处用过去分词形式作get的表语，即get done结构。,5. lead vi. 导致；通向 vt. 给(某人)指路；引导 n. 榜样；首位 With a guide leading the way, we found the village easily. 由于有向导引路,我们轻易地就找到了那个村庄。 What led you to think so? 是什么使你这样想的呢？ Will you take the lead? 你领个头好吗？,知识梳理 lead a . life 过着的生活 lead the way 带路；带头 lead by the nose 牵着鼻子走 lead to 引起；造成；导致；通向,探究练习 The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. catch the thief B. the thief to be caught C. the thief having caught D. the thief being caught,【解析】 D 句意：新证据的发现导致了这个贼的被抓。lead to 是固定搭配,“导致；造成”之意；to是一个介词,后面跟动名词,此题考查的是动名词的复合结构,动名词有它自己的逻辑主语the thief;且the thief与catch之间是被动关系。,6. struggle vi. 斗争；奋斗；艰难地(朝某方向)行进 n. 斗争；拼搏 They had to struggle against strong winds all the way. 他们不得不一路与大风搏斗。 The struggle for freedom was long and hard. 争取自由的斗争是漫长而艰巨的。,知识梳理 struggle for 为而斗争 struggle against 为反对而斗争 struggle with 与并肩战斗 struggle on / along 挣扎着活下去 struggle to do sth. 挣扎着做；努力做；拼命地做 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来,探究练习 Everyone is struggling _ a better life. A. in B. for C. against D. with,【解析】 B 句意：每个人都在为更好的生活而奋斗。struggle for “为斗争”,符合语境；struggle against / with “ 同作斗争”；struggle in无此搭配。,高考体验 (2010湖南)Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle,【解析】 C 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：几个月以来，蒂娜一直努力想找一份女服务员的工作，最终她在当地一家广告代理处谋到了一个职位。设空处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除B项；不定式作状语一般表示目的，故排除D项；C项相当于Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress 而A项相当于：Dina was struggling for months to find a job as a waitress 根据句意可知，C项符合语境。,7. compete vi. 比赛；竞争 The two players are competing against / with each other for the first place in the 100-metre hurdles. 两位比赛者为了在一百米跨栏中赢得第一名而相互竞争着。 Hughs house cant compete with yours. 休的房子比不上你的。 All the players compete for honour as well as gold medals. 运动员们为金牌而战也为荣誉而战。,发散思维 competition n. 竞争；比赛 competitive adj. 竞争性的 competitor n. 竞争者；参赛者 知识梳理 compete against / with sb. 同某人竞争 compete for sth. 为得到某物而竞争 compete in sth. 在某项目中竞争,探究练习 . 用compete的适当形式完成下列各句。 (1)The stores have to _ for customers in the Christmas season. (2) _ among youths to enter good colleges is intense. (3)Each of these _ has their eyes on the 50 000 prize money. (4)A _ person loves to win and hates to lose.,【答案】 (1)compete (2)Competition (3)competitors (4)competitive,. 单项填空。 Shall we compete _ swimming race? A. in B. for C. with D. against,【解析】 A 句意：咱们参加游泳比赛好吗？compete against / with sb. “同某人竞争”；compete for sth. “为得到某物而竞争”；compete in sth. “在某项目中竞争”。 故选A项。,高考体验 (2011江苏)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence,【解析】 C 本题考查名词辨析。句意：教师必须不断地更新自己的知识来保持专业技能水平。professional competence“专业技能”，符合句意。consequence“后果；推论”; independence“独立”；intelligence“智力”。,8. expect vt. 期待；盼望 You arrived earlier than I had expected.=You arrived earlier than expected. 你比预料的到得早。 The work is getting on as well as it can be expected.=The work is getting on as well as expected. 工作的进展情况跟预料的一样好。,点津提示 注意从句中肯定、否定回答： Do you expect it will rain? 你预计会下雨吗？ Yes, I expect so. (No, I dont expect so.=I expect not.) 是的,我想会下雨。(不,我想不会。),发散思维 expectation n. 预料；期望 They hope he will live up to their expectations. 他们希望他将不辜负他们的期望。 Your price is far beyond our expectations. 你们价格(之高)远远超乎我们的意料。,He was waiting for his mother at the school gate. 他在校门口等他母亲。 We are expecting (looking forward to) a letter from George. 我们在等乔治的来信。 知识梳理 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 expect much of sb. 对某人寄予很大期望 expect that 期望/预计/认为 as (was) expected 正如所料,探究练习 .用expect完成下列各句。 (1)不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语。 You cant _. (2)我期望他明天回来。 _ (3)大多数父母都对自己的子女寄予很大希望。 _ (4)他又迟到了,正如预料的那样。 _,【答案】 (1)expect to learn a foreign language in a week (2)I expect that he will be back tomorrow. (3)Most of the parents expect much of their children. (4)He came late again, as was expected.,.写出下列句中划线部分的意思。 (1) Against all expectations, the play was greatly welcomed. _ (2)We knew that Mary would do well, but she has succeeded beyond expectation. _(3)Only by doing so could we live up to your expectations. _,【答案】 (1)出乎意料的是 (2)出乎意料的；比预期的更好 (3)不辜负你们的期望,9. win vi. & vt. 获胜；赢得 She won by three points. 她领先3分获胜。 We have to win all our games. 我们必须赢得所有的比赛。,点津提示 beat的过去式、过去分词分别是：beat, beaten；而defeat的过去式、过去分词是defeated, defeated。 He won the prize at last. 最后他赢得了奖品。 He was beaten / defeated in the game. 在比赛中他被打败了。,知识梳理 win or lose 不管输赢；无论胜负 win sb.s heart 赢得(某人)的爱 win ones support / trust / admiration 赢得某人的支持/信任/赞美,探究练习 We finally _ them in the contest and _ the first prize. A. beat; won B. beated; won C. defeat; won D. defeated; win,【解析】 A 句意：在比赛中我们最终打败了他们并获得一等奖。win后面的宾语通常是表示“比赛；战争；选举；奖品；声誉”的名词或代词,过去式、过去分词都是won; beat / defeat (击败；打败)的宾语通常是“敌人；(比赛)对手”, beat过去式、过去分词分别是beat, beaten；而defeat的过去式、过去分词都是defeated。故选A项。,10. event n. 重要事情；(体育运动的)比赛项目 Which events have you entered for? 你参加了哪些比赛项目？ Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boys life. 获得奖学金是这个孩子一生中一件重大的事情。,China Daily covered the chief events of the year that happened in our country. 中国日报报道了一年来我国发生的大事。 Many traffic accidents happened here. 这里发生了多起交通事故。 My sister told me an incident that took place on her first day at school. 我姐姐向我讲述了她上学第一天发生的一件事。,探究练习 用event, accident和incident的适当形式填空。 (1) Something must be provided against _. (2) The founding of the Peoples Republic of China is a great _ in the history of mankind. (3) What you have said is only an ordinary _. (4) Some people consider it a common _, but I consider it an extraordinary _.,【答案】 (1)accidents (2)event (3)incident (4)incident; event,11. confident adj. 自信的；有信心的 Your encouragement made me more confident of my future. 你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。 One has to be confident in himself. 一个人一定要对自己有信心。 发散思维 confidence n. 信心 知识梳理 have / show confidence in . 对有信心 lose confidence in . 对丧失信心,探究练习 .句子转换。 (1)他确信他会赢得这场比赛。 He is confident of winning the competition. =_. (2) 我相信他会来。 I am confident that he will come. =_.,.用confidence翻译下列句子。 (1)我对自己的学习能力非常自信。 _ (2)不要对自己丧失信心。 _,【答案】 .(1)He is confident that he will win the competition. (2) I am confident of his coming. .(1)I have confidence in my ability of learning. (2)Dont lose confidence in yourself.,重点短语 1. on ones own 独自地；单独地(=by oneself) He can go there on his own. 他能自己去那里。 知识拓展 of ones own 属于某人自己的 You neednt help him. He is old enough to dress himself on his own. 你不必帮他,他能自己穿衣服。 He would like a car of his own. 他想有辆属于自己的车。,探究练习 用上述短语完成句子。 (1)学生应该独立完成作业。 Students are expected / supposed to finish the homework _. (2)他自己开了一家公司。 He has set up a firm _.,【答案】 (1)on their own (2)of his own,2. come to 达到某种状态 How did you come to know him? 你是怎么认识他的？ 点津提示 常与 know, understand, realize, be, love, like等表示静态的动词连用,强调渐变过程。 知识拓展 come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to an agreement 达成一致意见 come to a decision 作出决定 come to an end 结束 (=end vi.),探究练习 用come to短语翻译下列句子。 (1)谈话后,她逐渐意识到自己的错误。 She _ after the talk. (2)我希望我们能成为朋友,彼此互相了解。 I hope we shall be friends and_.,【答案】 (1)came to realize her mistake (2)come to understand each other,3. give up 放弃；停止 Never give up; never lose hope. 永不放弃，永不失去希望。 You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year. 你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。 He gave up his seat on the bus to an old woman. 在公共汽车上他把座位让给了一位老大娘。 点津提示 give up可以作及物或不及物动词短语,后面跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。跟代词时,要将代词放在give与up的中间。,知识拓展 与give有关的其他的短语: give away 赠送；泄露；出卖 give in (to sb. / sth. ) ( 向)屈服 give off 放出；发出 give out 分发；用光；耗尽；宣布 give back 归还,探究练习 The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _on the radio yesterday. A. turned out B. found out C. given out D. given away,【解析】 C 句意：市长要来我们学校访问的消息是昨天收音机上宣布的。故选C项。give out“宣布；散发”； give away“泄露；出卖”； turn out“结果是；证明是”；find out “找出；查明”。,4. get on / along with 与相处；对付；进展 He is difficult to get on with. 他难以相处。 He simply cant get on / along without an assistant. 他没有助手简直一筹莫展。 How are you getting on / along with your English study? 你英语学得怎么样了？,点津提示 get on / along with . 后面接人作宾语时,是表示“和某人相处的怎样”；而接物作宾语时,表示“某事进展如何”。可用well等副词修饰。 Im getting on well with my classmates. 我跟我的同学们相处很好。 知识拓展 与get有关的其他的短语： get ahead 进步(展)；成功；长进 get along 过日子； 过活；相处；进展(步) get around 走动；传开；忙于工作；影响；说服；哄骗,get away 逃脱；离开； 出发 get away from (使)摆脱；(使)离开；无视；对置之不理 get away with 逃避惩罚(责备；追究) get away with it 侥幸成功；逃脱处罚 get back 回来；取回 get behind 落后 get by 维持生活；走动；通过；美勉强混过去；侥幸成功 get down to 开始认真考虑；着手办理(某事) get in 进站；到达；回来；收集(割) get over 克服；摆脱,探究练习 (1)Mary is kind. She is easy to _. A. go on B. get along with C. get along D. go on with,【解析】 B 句意：玛丽很和蔼。她是一个很容易相处的人。句子主语she在不定式中是逻辑宾语,所以不能省略介词with,故选B项；get along with sb.“和相处”；go on with“继续”。,(2)If we can _ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right. A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off,【解析】 B 句意：如果我们能克服我们现在的困难,那么一切都应该会好起来的。come across“偶然遇到”; get over“克服；摆脱”; come over“随便来访；到来”; get off“下车”。故选B项。,5. make progress 取得进步；取得进展 点津提示 progress 是一个不可数名词,可以用good, rapid, great, slow, much, some, no, little等表示程度的词来修饰；make progress 的主语一般是人。 He made great progress in English. 他的英语取得了很大的进步。,探究练习 翻译下列句子或改正句中错误。 (1)他到这儿以来没有取得什么进步。 _ since he came here. (2)好好学习,天天向上。 Study well and _. (3)改错:What a great progress they are making! _ (4)改错：My Chinese has made rapid progress. _,【答案】 (1)He has made no progress (2)make progress every day (3)去掉 a (4)I have made rapid progress in Chinese.,重点句型 1. When the spaceship separated from the rocket, I suddenly got a feeling of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity. 当宇宙飞船同火箭分离的时候,由于没有地球引力,我突然有一种升入云霄的感觉。 because of 因为；由于 Because of the storm he didnt go there. 因为暴风雨他没去那里。 点津提示 同义短语有：thanks to, owing to, on account of, due to, as a result of 等。,I suddenly got a feeling of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity. =I suddenly got a feeling of soaring into the sky because there was no gravity. 由于没有地球引力,我突然有一种升入云霄的感觉。,探究练习 (1)She doesnt go to school _ she is ill. A. because B. because of C. since D. so,【解析】 A 句意：她没来上学是因为她病了。此句表示没来的原因。because of不能跟句子,只能跟名词或代词；since引导原因状语从句只能放在句首；so是表示因果关系；而because是一个连词,后面可跟句子,表示原因,故选A。,(2)It was _ the heavy rain that I didnt go to attend the meeting yesterday. A. because of B. because C. for D. as,【解析】 A because of是介词短语,后面接the heavy rain作宾语。句意：昨天我没去参加会议是因为大雨。because后面接从句；for表示补充说明细节性的内容,不是表示直接的原因；as后面接句子。,2. He was also able to speak with his wife and 8-year-old son. 他能够同他的妻子和8岁的儿子通话。 be able to 能够 She shall be able to come tomorrow. 明天她能来。 求同存异 be able to, can和be capable of (1)表示某人具有的“技能或知识”的能力时, can与be able to可换用,而can更普通；但can只有现在时和过去时,而be able to有将来时、完成时等各种时态形式。,(2)表示过去的“一般的能力”, was / were able to和could也可以互换。如： She could / was able to play the piano when she was six. 她六岁时就能弹钢琴。 (3)如果指过去某一具体情况,肯定句中,只能用was / were able to,表示主语不仅有能力去做,而且实际上已做到。相当于managed to do sth. 或者succeeded in doing sth. 。而用could则只表明主语有能力去做,不表明做到与否。如： I was able to get the ticket yesterday. 我昨天买到了票。,He could swim, but didnt jump into the water to save the girl. 他会游泳,但他没有跳下水救那个女孩。 (4)be able to 侧重于行动或交际方面的能力,是褒义词。而be capable of侧重于做某事的适合性和才干。有时也强调一般的工作效果,兼有褒义和贬义。 That guy is capable of anything！ 那家伙什么勾当都会干得出来！,探究练习 He was a hero who _ swim across the cold river to save the drowning girl but he _ swim in fact at all. A. was able to; cant B. was able to; was able to C. could; couldnt D. can; cant,【解析】 A 句意：他是个英雄,游过一条冰冷的河去营救落水的女孩,而事实上,他不会游泳。第一空处是表示具体情形下具有的能力，故用be able to do。而第二空处是表示一般情况下具有的能力，故用can。,3. When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully. 太空船飞到第七圈时,杨利伟在飞船上展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗,并表达了中国人民和平开发、利用太空资源的意愿。,该句是一个含有由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句。在主句中,带有v-ing 短语作伴随状语,表示与谓语动词同时发生的次要动作,作伴随状语的v-ing可转化为并列短语,其动作的发出者为句子的主语。又如： They stood there waiting for the car.=They stood there and waited for the car. 他们站在那里等车。,探究练习 _ many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told,【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意： 告诉他许多次后,他终于明白了。主句主语he与tell之间的关系是被动和完成的关系,所以用现在分词的完成式的被动式having been done来表示被动和完成。,高考体验 (2011大纲全国)Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying,【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词。句意：莎拉假装很高兴，没有对这次争论进行评论。分析句子结构得知，此处是分词作伴随状语，故排除A项谓语动词的形式；say与逻辑主语Sarah之间是主动关系，排除表被动的B项；动词不定式作状语通常表目的或出乎意料的结果，故C项与语境不符。故选D。,4. As Yang Liwei returned into the earths atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land, ready to collect him. 杨利伟返回大气层时,直升飞机飞往他将着陆的地方,迎接他返程。 该句含有as引导的时间状语从句和where引导的宾语从句。形容词短语ready to collect him作状语。形容词或形容词短语作状语表示意义上的增补,和句子的主语有逻辑上的主