《主要翻译方法》PPT课件.ppt

Major Translation Approaches,A REVISION,The Definition of Translation Roman Jackobson Dubois and Nida The Principle of Translation 严复 刘重德 & Tytler,Major Translation Approaches,Outline literal translation and liberal translation foreignization and domestication the process of translation information retrieving,literal translation and liberal translation,The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity . 译文一： 黑人依然生活在物质富裕的汪洋大海中贫乏的孤岛上。 译文二：黑人仍生活在贫困的孤岛上，尽管放眼四周，是一片繁华景象。,Literal translation and Liberal Translation,Origin and Early Times: Septuagint Roman times: Translation of Greek classics Cicero: “解说员”与“演说家”式翻译 “数硬币”与“称硬币” Translation of Bible,Literal translation and Liberal Translation,Middle Ages word for word translation and to retain the language characters of Latin Renaissance: development of free translation,Literal translation and Liberal Translation,17-19 Century France: the dispute between literal translation and liberal translation Liberal Translation : Belles infideles,Literal translation and Liberal Translation,Modern Times: Benjamin: word for word translation is the idealist translation approach Catford: Scale and Category,Literal translation and Liberal Translation,A Relative Concept : Two Extremes: “死译”与“乱译”,Domestication and Foreignization,as wise as Solomon 像所罗门国王一样有智慧 智如诸葛亮 carry coal to Newcastle 把煤运到纽卡斯尔 运槟榔到广东 all roads lead to Rome kill two birds with one stone,Domestication and Foreignization,Origin Schleiermacher: Either the translator leaves the writer alone as much as possible and moves the reader toward the writer, or he leaves the reader alone as much as possible and moves the writer toward the reader,Domestication and Foreignization,Venuti 归化法是 “采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化 ” 异化法是“接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情境”,Domestication and Foreignization,“归化法”在中国的流行 林纾（1852-1924） 巴黎茶花女遗事 黑奴吁天录 全篇的古文，开口“余”，闭口“汝”，笑时“艳若朝霞”，哭曰“雪涕”。,Domestication and Foreignization,语言形式上的归化：适应中国读者的口味语言习惯阅读习惯 写作手法的归化：轻细节，重情节 伦理价值观的归化：“举皓腕，余即而亲之” “此西俗男女相见之礼也”,Domestication and Foreignization,“异化派”的争论 鲁迅： 要 “欧化”不要归化，翻译“必须有异国情调，就是所谓洋气 ”。 尺(foot)趺得 里（mile) 迷黎 橄榄（olive) 呵黎夫卡 无花果（fig) 佛额 刘英凯：归化翻译的歧路：归化译法“抹杀”了原作的“民族特点”，将异国情调“同化于归宿语言”，“必然是对原文的歪曲”。,Domestication and Foreignization,归化与异化并用互补 EG. He moved in the direction of his desire, chanting Apache scalp-music. (Stephen Crane, The Bride Comes to the Yellow Sky) 他唱着阿帕切头皮曲，朝他理想的方向走去了。 At 11:15 this morning,the Prime Minister, speaking to the nation from Number Ten Downing Street, announced that Great Britain is at war with Germany. 今天上午11点15分,首相在唐宁街10号向全国发表了讲话,宣布英国与德国处于交战状态。 今天上午11点15分,首相在唐宁街10号英国首相府邸向全国发表了讲话,宣布英国与德国处于交战状态。,Literal or Liberal?,WHO IS TRANSLATING WHAT, FOR WHOM, WHEN, WHERE, WHY AND IN WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES?,The Process of Translation,E. A. Nida 分析 头脑图像的形成 译入语表达,The Process of Translation,分析 所指意义： 用来描述客观世界，不参杂人对客观世界的情感和态度。 EG. Take 3 tablets a day. Put the disk into drive A.,The Process of Translation,分析 关联意义：从大环境滋生出的社会的文化的意义 Work while you work and play while you play. This is the only way to be happy and gay. 同志,The Process of Translation,分析 结构意义：语言本身结构所蕴含的意义 诗歌: Roger McGough,The Process of Translation,Cummings:,The Process of Translation,分析 结构意义 句子简洁与否:海明威的冰山理论 词性的不同： temporal and functional Temporality and functionality,The Process of Translation,头脑中图像的形成 Turn off the computer. Democracy will win.,The Process of Translation,译入语表达 靠近原文作者还是译入语读者？,One of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abby.,1.The day was sober and melancholy 2. It is autumn 3. The shadows of morning and evening mingle together 4. The shadows throw a gloom over the decline of the year. 5. I rambled about Westminster Abby 6. I passed several hours,The Process of Translation,Westminster Abbey,The Process of Translation,One of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abby.,在晚秋暗淡而悲哀的一天，当曙光和夜色几乎混而为一，而将这年终酝酿成一片凄凉的时分，我在那威治明士德院里徘徊，消磨了数小时的光阴。,The Process of Translation,One of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abby.,时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去信步走了几个钟头。,The Process of Translation,One of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several