大学英语（B）级考试教学辅导.ppt

大学英语（B）级考试 教学辅导,武汉市广播电视大学 2011.03.,提纲,一、命题思路 1.大学英语（B）考试大纲 2.机考试卷结构与题型机考试卷结构与题型 3.机考试卷分析 二、教学指导 1. 教学内容 2. 分项指导要点,武汉市广播电视大学 ,1.大学英语（B）考试大纲,1.大学英语（B）考试大纲,教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自2004年3月1日（含3月1号）以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生。,考试对象,1.大学英语（B）考试大纲,“大学英语（B）”考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点与专科起点本科学生。,考试目标：,本考试旨在考查现代远程教育所有专业（除英语类和艺术类专业）的学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力。 考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇，具备运用不同语言技巧进行交际的基本能力。,1.大学英语（B）考试大纲,【语法】 考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在 听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以运用。 【词汇】 考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中 的1800个单词及其基本的搭配。 【交际能力】 考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基 本交际用语。,考试内容与要求,1.大学英语（B）考试大纲,考试内容与要求,【阅读】 考生应能读懂与日常生活和 社会生活相关的不同类型的 文字材料，阅读速度为每分 钟50个单词。,考 生 应 能,1理解主旨要义； 2理解文中具体信息； 3根据上下文推测生词词义； 4进行有关的判断、推理和引申，理解 作者的意图、观点或态度。,1.大学英语（B）考试大纲,【翻译】考生应能在20分钟内将5个难度适中的英文句 子翻译成中文。考生应能： 对英语原文有准确的理解；做到译文通顺、达 意。 【写作】 考生应能在30分钟内写出长度不少于80词的 常见应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文和议论 文。 统考题库： 大学英语20000题,考试内容与要求,考试应能,用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行 表达； 基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚； 根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。,2.大学英语（B）机考试卷结构与题型,2.大学英语（B）机考试卷结构与题型,2、考试方式与时间,由全国高校网络教育考试委员会组织命题，在同一时间全国统考。闭卷考试。机上答题，考试时间共90分钟。 满分为100分。 考试时间：2011年 12月17- 20 2012年 4月，9月，12月 考点机考系统模拟测试 12.5 -12.9 考生个人报考、缴费 10.13（9：00）11.1（17：00） 如个人无法网上报考、缴费，由学习中心帮助进行，并及时通知考生复核学习中心填报的信息如个人无法网上报考、缴费，由学习中心帮助进行，并及时通知考生复核学习中心填报的信息。 ,3、机考解题技巧,解交际用语题的技巧 解阅读理解题的技巧 解语法与词汇题的技巧 解完型填空题的技巧 解作文题的技巧,(1) 解交际用语题的技巧,平时对日常交际用语的积累 掌握一般的问候、询问感受、时间、数字、爱好、健康和建议等常用的句型,解交际用语题的技巧,探索答语的规律 在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则： A. 礼貌原则 无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达，使对方听起来不刺耳，,例如：, Do you think I can use your car for one day? . A. Im afraid not. B. No, you cant. C. I wont let you do that. D. Absolutely not. 解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此选A。 礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上：一种是委婉地回绝，上面例子“Im afraid not”就是这种情况；另一种是先表同意，然后用“but”来个转折，表达出不同意的意思。例如： I would like to，but Thats a good idea，but,B. 利他原则,在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过/惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向,例如：, I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how to get there, madam? . A. No, you dont know B. I dont know. C. Yes, you will. D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there. 解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D，首先表示歉意，自己也不知道，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。,C. 文化遵从原则,在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角，也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。,Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? .,A. Thank you very much B. No, no, John is not bad C. Thank you. He is fine D. Dont say that. Its ugly. John is good 解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等，反而就不礼貌了， 这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样，所以选C。,例如：,D.排除法,我们发现，交际用语部分试题的选项中，错误选项不但错得比较明显，而且有一定规律可循，这为我们在解题时使用排除法提供了机会。错项的类型大体有：A. 选项本身语法错误；B.选项议题与谈话主题无关；C.选项明显违反上述三原则；D. 选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点,例如：,1） Mary, are you and your husband busy this weekend? . this weekend we may go to cinema B. No, were not C. Oh, its none of your business D. Welcome to our party,讲解：Mary 的问题包含了“忙不忙”的询问，她可能想邀请对方作点 什么。选项A属于上述D 的情况，虽然与提问句的主题有关， 但并未直接提供“忙”还是“不忙”的信息；C 回答很不客气，显 然违反礼貌原则；D 与谈话主题无关，最后只剩下B是答案。,2） You are not the manager here, are you? . A. Yes, Im not B. No, I am C. Yes, I am D. No, not at all,讲解： 选项A，B 都属于本身语法错误，不看发问句也 可以排除。 D 语法无错，但不能提供发问句 要求的信息，属错项， 答案是C。,3）Would you like another slice of Christmas cake? Im full.,A. Yes, please. B. No more, thanks. C. Why not? D. Nothing more.,讲解：第一说话人询问对方“你要不要再吃一块圣诞蛋糕？”， 根据答者的第二句话Im full.“我吃饱了”，推断出 前一句的答语应该是No more, thanks“吃不下了， 谢谢”。而选项A，C表示接受邀请，D表示“没有 什么（要说/做）的了”，均不符合题意，可直接排除。 所以选B。,二、交际用语模拟试题讲解,交际用语在统考试题中，考察题型主要可 分为以下三类：询问类试题，约占该部分考题36.7%了； 看法类试题，约占该部分考题26.7%；功能类用语试题，约占该部分考题36.6%。,在下面的讲解中，我们按照这种分类，先总结每类交际用语的常用句型，然后列举典型示例（部分示例选自大学英语（B）模拟题中的相关交际用语试题）。三大类试题中各小类按在考试中出现的频率，从高到低排序进行讲解。,（一） 询问类,1、 请求允许和应答 第一： A. 提出请求 May /Can /could I use (borrow/take/ask/see) ？ (我可以用/借/问/看吗？) I wonder /I am wondering if? (不知道我能否？) Would you please？ (能请你吗？) Do you think ? (你是否认为？),B. 回答请求, 同意 Sure./Certainly./Of course. / By all means./ Yes, do please. / Here you are. / Help yourself. (可以/当然/拿去/请便。) 回绝 Im afraid (我恐怕) Im sorry, but (对不起，但是) Im sorry you cant. / Youd better not. (很抱歉，不行。/你最好别这样。),【典型示例】,1) Could I borrow your car for a few days? 大学英语（B）Test 3,3 . A. Yes, you may borrow. B. Yes, go on. C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey. D. It doesnt matter. 答案： C 2) I wonder if I could use your computer tonight? Im not using it right now. （大学英语（B）Test 6, 1） A. Sure, go ahead. B. I dont know. C. It doesnt matter. D. Who cares 答案： A,第二：,A. 提出请求 Do / Would you mind if I / my doing (你是否介意？) B. 回答请求 同意 No，I dont mind./ Of course not. / Not at all. (不介意./当然不介意/一点也不介意) Please do./ Go ahead, please./ OK. (行，做吧。) 不同意 Yes, I do. (我介意),【典型示例】,1）Would you mind changing seats with me? （大学英语（B）Test 4, 9） A. Yes, you can. B. Of course, I like to. C. No, I dont mind. D. Certainly, please do. 答案：C 2）Do you mind my smoking here? （大学英语（B）Test 5, 3） A. No, thanks. B. Yes, I do. C. Yes, Id rather not. D. Good idea. 答案：B,3）Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table? 。 A. Good news for you B. Go ahead, please C. Yes, sure D. No, I cant 答案：B 解析：在用mind句型征求对方的意见时，如果表示同意，也可明确表示“please do/做吧，Go ahead, please./行”。,2、 邀请与应答,A. 提出邀请 Would you like to ？ Will /Can you come to ？ (你能来参加吗?) Id like to invite you to . (我想邀请你),B.回答邀请, 同意 Yes / thank you, Id love to. (谢谢，我愿意。) Yes, its very kind of you. (愿意，你太好了。) That would be very nice. (那太好了。) 回绝 Thanks/Sorry，I (非常感谢/抱歉，我) Id like to but/ Id love to but (我很愿意去，但是),【典型示例】,1）Can you go to the concert with us this evening? （大学英语（B）Test 4, 2） A. No, I already have plans. B. Id love to, but Im busy tonight. C. No, I really dont like being with you. D. Im ill, so I shouldnt go out. 答案：B 2） We are going to have a dancing party tonight. Would you like to join us? 。 A. Yes, its very kind of you B. Of course not. I have no idea C. No, I cant D. Thats all set 答案：A,3、 提供帮助及应答,A. 提供帮助 Can I help you / What can I do for you？ (有什么可以为您效劳吗？) Would you like me to help you with ? (我能帮您做吗？) B. 应 答 接受帮助 Thanks. That would be nice./ Its so nice of you. (多谢，那太好了) Thank you for your help. (感谢你的帮助) 礼貌地回绝 No, thanks./ Thats ok. I can manage it myself. (谢谢，不用了。我能处理),【典型示例】,1）This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. （大学英语（B）Test 5, 5） A. You may ask for help. B. Let me give you a hand. C. Please do me a favor. D. Id come to help 答案：B 2）Can I help you with your suitcase?. A. Thats OK. I can manage B. Its not very light C. I can help you with it D. Put it down on the ground 答案：A,4、问 路,A.询问道路 Excuse me, can you tell me the way to ？ Excuse me, where is / how can I get to？ (抱歉，请问去怎么走呢？) Is this right（the right way to）？ (请问这是去的路吗？),B. 回答, 当知道对方询问的道路，就一定要给出具体信息 Go down（up）the street. /Turn right（left） (顺着街道往上/下走。在右/左转。) Go straight ahead till you see (往前直走直到你看见) Its on the right（left） corner just ahead. (在前面右边/左边转角处。) 当不知道对方询问的道路，抱歉地说明原委 Sorry，I dont know. Sorry, Im a stranger here. (抱歉，我不知道。),【典型示例】,Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the post office? （大学英语（B）Test 3, 9） A. Dont ask that. B. Sorry, Im a stranger here. C. No, I cant say that. D. No, youre driving too fast. 答案：B,5、 询问具体信息,A. 询问 询问的主题为：时间、地点、距离、费用、人物、事件、频率等。 Who/ What/ When/ Where （何人/何事/何时/何地） How long/How often/How many （时间多长或距离多远/频率/数量多少）,B.回答:,直扣主题，提供对方需要的信息。注意： 特殊疑问句的答语通常针对特殊疑问词做出具体的回答。 一般疑问句通常用yes和no来回答， 时态人称要一致。 当情态动词must引起一般问句：“必须吗？”，其否定回答通常用“you neednt/dont have to”表示“没有必要”。 选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对方择一回答的问句，答语应做出一个明确的选择。 反意问句的答语应根据实际情况确定：内容是肯定的，就用yes，其后则跟肯定句 ；内容是否定的，则用no，其后则跟否定句。,【典型示例】,1）Paul, ? （大学英语（B）Test 1, 4） Oh, thats my father! And beside him, my mother. A. what is the person over there B. whos talking over there C. what are they doing D. which is that 答案：B 2）How often do you go dancing? （大学英语（B）Test 2, 7） A. I will go dancing tomorrow. B. Yesterday. C. Every other day. D. Ive been dancing for a year. 答案：C 解析：意为“每隔一天去跳一次舞。”,3）Are there any drug-stores around here? . A. Yes, there is one on the left corner B. Yes, it is C. No, it isnt D. Oh, you must have a cold 答案：A 4）Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? （大学英语（B）Test 4, 10） A. Id rather stay here if you dont mind. B. Sorry, I dont like neither. C. Certainly, why not? D. Yes, we like these two places. 答案：A 5）Must I take a taxi? No, you . You can take my car. （大学英语（B）Test 4, 4） A. had better to B. dont C. must not D. dont have to 答案：D,（二）看法类,1、 表达惊讶，喜悦 第一：惊讶 Really?/ Is that so? / Oh dear! / Good heavens! (真的？/ 哎呀！/天哪!) 第二：喜悦 Thats nice /wonderful/ great！ (真好!),【典型示例】,1）Ed said that his boy fell off tree. . A. Oh dear! I hope he wasnt hurt B. Oh, no. A luck boy C. He might have broken his arm D. Nothing serious 答案：A 2）You know, I have three kids now. （大学英语（B）Test 2, 8） A. Well, Ive grown a mustache. B. Thats terrific! C. Say, youve really changed your hair. D. Well, I gave up drinking. 答案：B 解析：意为“太棒了！”,2、 表示附和、赞同,第一：附和与赞同 Yes, I think so. (是的，我也这样认为。) I agree (with you). (我同意你的看法。) I cant agree with you more. (我非常同意。) 第二：不赞同 No, I dont think so. (我不这样认为。) Im afraid not. I cant agree with you. (我不同意你的看法。),【典型示例】,Is it possible for you to work late tonight? （大学英语（B）Test 6, 4） A. I like i B. Ill do that. C. Id love to. D. I think so. 答案：D,3、 表示肯定与否,Im sure. /Im not sure. (我确定。/我不确定。) Maybe / Perhaps (或许),【典型示例】,1）Are you sure about that? . A. You neednt worry about that B. I like the idea C. Oh, no. Im afraid of that D. Oh yes, Im absolutely positive 答案：D 2）My camera isnt working properly. . A. Maybe theres something wrong with it B. Here, have a look C. I have no idea about it D. There isnt anything at all 答案：A,4、 表示喜好、厌恶,I likevery much. (我很喜欢) I dont like（hate） (我不喜欢/讨厌) So do I. / Neither do I. (我也/我也不),【典型示例】,1） What do you think about this story？ 。 A. Thank you for telling me about the story B. Yes, its a real story C. I like it very much D. So do I 答案：C 2） I dont like the sports programs on Sundays. 。 A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So am I D. Neither am I 答案：B 解析：当第一说话人对问题的看法是肯定、赞同的，用 “So do I.”表示自己同样赞同的态度；当第一说话人对问题的看法是否定、不赞同的，用 “Neither do I.”表达自己同样不赞同的态度。,（三）功能类,1、 打电话 A. 发话方 Hello！May/Could/Can I speak to ? Is in/over there? (你好！请找某某接电话好吗?),B. 受话方, 当你就是对方要找的听话人时： This is (speaking). Speaking. (我就是某某，请讲。) Who is that (speaking)? (你是哪位?) 当对方要找的人不在场时，需要去叫他/她 Hold on, please/One moment. (Ill get him/her.) (请稍等，我去叫他/她。) 当对方要找的人不在或不能接电话时， Sorry, he is busy at the moment. Sorry, he isnt here / is out right now. (对不起，他/她不在/现在忙) (Can I take a message for you?) (我能替你捎个话吗?) 当发现对方拨错电话号码时， Im afraid youve got the wrong number. (我想你拨错号码了。),【典型示例】,1）Hello, Im Harry Potter. Hello, my name is Charles Green, but 大学英语（B）Test 1, 3） A. call my Charles B. call me at Charles C. call me Charles D. call Charles me 答案：C 2）Could I speak to Don Watkins, please? （大学英语（B）Test 3, 2） A. Im listening B. Oh, how are you? C. Speaking, please. D. Im Don. 答案：C,2、 购 物,A. 售货员 Can/May I help you？/ What can I do for you. (你想买点什么呢?) B. 顾 客 I want/Id like /I need (我想买) Thanks. Im just having a look. (谢谢，我只是看看),【典型示例】,What can I do for you? （大学英语（B）Test 3, 8） A. I want a kilo of pears. B. You can do in your own way. C. Thanks. D. Excuse me. Im busy. 答案：A,3、 就餐,第一： A. 服务员 What would you like (to have)? Would you like something (to eat/ to drink)? (你想吃点/喝点什么吗?) Are you ready to order ？ (可以点了吗?) B. 顾 客 Id like (我想要) No, thanks. (不用，谢谢。),第二：,A. 主人 Please help yourself to some (请吃点) B. 客人 Just a little, please. (就一点，谢谢。) Thank you. I have had enough. / I dont like (谢谢，我吃饱了。/我不太喜欢),【典型示例】,1）Would you like to order now? . A. Im full now B. Yes. Id like fish and soup C. But the price is high D. Its very kind of you 答案;B 2）Please help yourself to the seafood （大学英语（B）Test 4, 1） A. No, I cant. B. Sorry, I cant help. C. Well, seafood dont suit for. D. Thanks, but I dont like the seafood. 答案：D 3）Have you got a table for four, Waiter ? . A. We are going to restaurant B. Yes, sure. This way, please C. We have booked the seats D. Here are the menus. 答案;B,4、祝愿、祝贺与应答,第一：祝愿 A. 表达祝愿 Good luck!/Have a good time. /Wish you success. (祝你好运！/祝你愉快！/祝你成功!) B. 回答 Thank you. The same to you. /You too. (谢谢！你也一样。),第二：祝贺,A. I won the first / I got A (我获得第一名/我取得A等) B. 表达祝贺 (Well done!) Congratulations (on )! (干得好！祝贺你) A. 回答 Thank you. (谢谢。),【典型示例】,1）I was worried about my maths, but Mr. Brown gave me an A. （大学英语（B）Test 3, 7） A. Dont worry about it. B. Congratulations! Thats a difficult course. C. Mr. Brown is very good. D. Good luck to you! 答案;B 2）Tomorrow is my birthday. （大学英语（B）Test 5, 8） A. Oh, I have no idea. B. Im glad you like it. C. Many happy returns of the day! D. You must be very happy. 答案：C 解析：意为“祝你长命百岁！”,5、赞美与应答,A. How beautiful/How lovely (此类句子表达说话人对对方的住房、家 具、衣物、发型、小孩等表示赞扬欣赏。) B. Thank you. (谢谢。),【典型示例】,Thats a beautiful dress you have on! （大学英语（B）Test 1, 6） A. Oh, thanks. I got it yesterday. B. Sorry, its too cheap. C. You can have it D. See you later. 答案:A,6、遗憾、歉意与应答,第一：遗憾 Im sorry to hear it. (听到这个我很遗憾。) What a pity! / Its a pity that (真是太遗憾了。) 【典型示例】 I have got a pain in my neck. . A. Yes, I agree B. Yes, you are quite right C. Im sorry to hear that D. Im feeling sick 答案 :C,第二：歉意,A. 表达歉意 Im sorry (抱歉) B. 应 答 Thats all right. / Thats ok. Thats nothing. / It doesnt matter. (没关系。) 【典型示例】 Oh, sorry to bother you. （大学英语（B）Test 3, 10） A. Thats Okay. B. No, you cant C. Thats good. D. Oh, I dont know. 答案：A 解析：没关系。表示高风亮节,7、 感谢与应答,A. 表达感谢 Thanks a lot! / Thank you (very much). (多谢!) Its very kind of you (to help me). (你真是太好了。) B. 回 答 Not at all. / Thats all right. Youre welcome. /My pleasure. (不客气。不用谢。),【典型示例】,1）Thanks for your help. （大学英语（B）Test 1, 2） A. My pleasure. B. Never mind. C. Quite right. D. Dont thank me. 答案：A 2）Thank you for inviting me. （大学英语（B）Test 3, 4） A. I really had a happy time. B. Oh, its too late C. Thank you for coming D. Oh, so slowly? 答案：C,8、看病,第一： A.医生 Whats the matter/problem? Whats wrong with you? (你哪儿不舒服?) B.病人 I feel terrible. (我觉得不舒服。) Theres something wrong with my leg. (我腿出了的点问题。) Ive got a high temperature/pain here. (我发烧/这里疼。),第二：,A.病人 Is there anything serious？ (严重吗?) B.医生 No/ Nothing serious. (不/没什么问题。) Take this medicine three times a day. Youll be all right soon. (一天吃三次药。你很快就会好。) Just have a rest and drink more water (注意休息，多喝水。),【典型示例】,1）How are you feeling? Much better. （大学英语（B）Test 5, 6） A. Thanks for coming to see me. B. You look great. C. You are so kind. D. Dont mention it. 答案;A 2）Doctor, I dont feel well. （大学英语（B）Test 6, 10） A. You are fine. B. It doesnt matter. C. Whats the matter? D. Dont take it seriously. 答案：C,9、劝告，建议，提醒,A. 劝告、建议 Youd better (not) do / You should (你最好/最好别 /你应该) Why dont you/Why not (你为啥不) What/How about /Shall we (我们去如何?) B. 应 答 Sure. /Great. /Why not？Thats a good idea. (可以/为什么不呢？好主意。) Ill take your advice. (我会采纳你的建议的。) No, thanks (不用了，谢谢),【典型示例】,1）Shall we go shopping this Sunday? . A. Why not? Good idea! B. Ive no idea. C. Yes, you will. D. See you then. 答案：A 2）Dont take too long at the coffee shop. Its 14:15. . A. Ill think your advice over B. I see. We have 30 minutes left. C. Thats no problem D. Im afraid so 答案：B 3）How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight? （大学英语（B）Test 2, 9） A. Forget it. B. Sorry, I like Mexican food. C. Thats great! D. Glad you like it. 答案：C,10、见面问候,A. How are you? /Hows everything? (你好吗？/一切都好吗?) B. Fine, thank you, and you? /Very well, thank you. (挺好的，谢谢。你好吗?) Just so-so. (一般。) Pleased/glad to meet you here. (很高兴在这里见到你。),【典型示例】,1）How are you, Bob? Ted. （大学英语（B）Test 1, 1） A. How are you? B. Im fine. Thank you. C. How do you do? D. Nice to meet you. 答案：B 2） How do you do? Glad to meet you. （大学英语（B）Test 4, 7） A. Fine. How are you? B. How do you do? Glad to meet you, too. C. How are you? Thank you! D. Nice. How are you? 答案:B,11、告别,A. Im afraid I must be leaving now. (恐怕我得走了。) I think its time for us to leave. (我想我们该离开了。) B. Good night. (晚安。) Good bye. /See you later/tomorrow. (再见。),【典型示例】,1）Marilyn, Im afraid I have to be leaving now. （大学英语（B）Test 1, 10） A. That sounds wonderful. B. Oh, so early? C. Not at all. D. Good luck! 答案：B 2）Its getting late. Im afraid I must go now. Ok. . A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you 答案：D,12、旅行,A. What/How about your trip/journey to (旅行如何?) B. It went very well. / Its very interesting. (挺好的。/挺有趣的。) 【典型示例】 How was your trip to London, Jane? （大学英语（B）Test 5, 1） A. Oh, wonderful indeed. B. I went there alone. C. The guide showed me the way. D. By plane and by bus. 答案:A,13、天气,A. How is the weather？/ Whats the weather like (某地方天气如何呢?) B. Its fine. 很不错。) Its rather warm/hot/cold/rainy/cloudy/windy. (非常温暖/热/冷/常下雨/多云/