《次课名词性从句》PPT课件.ppt

Noun Clause,名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。它的功能相当于名词，引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类。,名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。,1._ he has done is none of your business. 2.My doubt is _ you can finish it in time. 3.I dont know _ you have finished the work alone. 4.Do you get the news _ the professor will come here?,What,whether,that,that,What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?,You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late.,主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）,Definition: 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what和which；连接副词when, where, how和why。,Make sentences,Its certain that we will be late.,That well be late is certain.,We dont know whether he is coming or not,Whether he is coming is not known.,We dont know what he wants to tell us.,What he wants to tell us is not known.,When you will come back doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter when you will come back.,连接词：,that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain.,1）从属连词：that， whether等.,由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。,Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. Which side will win is not clear.,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will start is not known yet. How he became a great scientist is known to us all.,主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。,1. It + be + 表语 +主语从句 表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）,位置,It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.,2. It+不及物动词+主语从句 It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that,It happens that they were absent. It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.,It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.,3. It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句,It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,误：They should like each other is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural that they should like each other.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,4 . 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。 It is strange that she should leave without telling us.,5. 在It + be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。 It is ordered that the classroom should be in order.,(1)主语从句中用陈述语序 What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. ( What is she afraid of Wrong ) (2)主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数 That they havent phoned is strange. (3)that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略 That price will go up is certain.,主语从句需注意的问题,It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.,What在此引导主语从句,又做said的宾语,That 只起连接作用,不做成分,what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别,The Object Clause,一、宾语从句的概念,宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,（一）引导词,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,e.g. I hear (that) _. He said (that) _. The teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,around the sun,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句,I want to know _ _. 2. Ask him _. 3. I wonder _. 4. Could you tell me_?,if (whether) he will go to the park with us,whether (if) he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。,whether(if) Mr Li lives here,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在介词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow. 2.在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to go skating.,3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.,1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_? 3. He asked_. 4. Do you know _? 5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _? 7. Could you tell me _?,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose bike was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,（二）语序：陈述句语序,即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Do you remember _(他多大岁数)?,当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?,主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。 主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。,（三）时态：,1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun. 2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the murder now. (talk),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,travels,are talking,were doing,Exercise: fill in the blanks,9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) 10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Mr Wang told me that the earth _ (move) round the sun. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ there several times. (be) 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,were,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to go skiing.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me? 9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me? 10. Where is Tom? They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,Jim asked if she was doing her homework.,三、注意.,1.宾语从句可作动词，介词，形容词，不定式，分词等的宾语。 I heard that he joined the army. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. She told me that she would accept my invitation. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with others. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 2.that 引导的宾语从句常在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, contend 3. That 从句一般不作介词宾语。in, but, except除外,4.it作形式宾语 We heard it that she would get married next month. I found it strange that he got the first in the game. 5.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词： allow, refuse, let , like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 这些词后可用不定式或动名词，但不能用that 从句。 I admire their winning the match. (V) I admire that they won the match. (X) 6.否定转移。下列动词后的从句若是否定，须把否定转移到主句中。think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine I dont think this dress fits you well.,同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, when, where, who, why, how等。,一、 例句： (1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (4) Their problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. (5) I have no idea where he lives.,二、that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：,试比较： 1.He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down（拒绝）.（定语从句）,比较： 2.We expressed the hope (that/which) they had expressed. （定语从句） We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. （同位语从句） 3.The news(that/which)he told me just now is true. （定语从句） The news that I have passed the exam is true. （同位语从句） 4.The advice(that/which)he gave was supported by us all. （定语从句） The advice that we(should) set out at once was supported by us all.（同位语从句）,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that在从句中不做成分，后者所用关系代词that在从句中做成分。,三、语气：在suggestion; advice; order; request 等表示“建议 命令；要求”等词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词常用 “（should） + 动词原形”虚拟结构。,e.g. He gave many suggestions that we (should)get up earlier and take more exercise. The government gave the order that all these houses (should)be pulled down in three weeks.,巩固性练习： 1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which,7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 11.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.位置后移 A.while B.that C.when D.as,12.It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities;this is the information _ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 13.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that 14.I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that 15.The fact_ he failed in the exam is not the one_he told me. A.which;that B.that;/ C.which;which D./; that,一、表语从句的定义：,The question is who will do it.,表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。,二、表语从句的构成：,（系动词）+ 引导词+简单句,What I want to say is that I am tired,表语从句,三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：,当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。,1.可接表语从句的连系动词有be（is, am, are, was, were）look, seem, sound, appear等。,China is no longer what she used to be.,今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。,The question remains whether they will be able to help us.,问题还是他们能否帮我们。,At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word.,听起来好像有人在敲门。,2. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though引导的表语从句,He looked just as he had looked ten years before.,他看起来还与十年前一样。,It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.,3. because, why引导的表语从句,Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。, what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时（跟在reason 后），后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。,The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。,4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。,The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。,The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。,That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。,5. 从属连词that that在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。,The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。,6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句,在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用 “should+动词原形” 表示， should可省略。常见的词有： advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea,My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。,表语从句的常用句型：,名词主语bethat从句 The fact is that I was in the garden when the robbery happened. 作主语的名词通常有表示事实、真理的名词fact, truth 或表示看法观点的名词idea, opinion, belief, view, feeling, suggestion, plan等。 suggestion, proposal, advice, requirement 等词后的表语从句要用虚拟语气（should）do。,名词主语bewh-疑问词引导的从句 The trouble is where we can get the things we need. wh- 引导的主语从句bethat 从句 What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet. This / That be wh-疑问词引导的从句 This is how you make the Italian pizza.,表语从句的常用句型：,注意：,主语为reason 时，表语从句连接词用that, 但以it, this, that 开头做主语的句子，则可用because。 The reason for his being late was that he missed the early bus. She was late this morning. That was because she missed the early bus. * The reason _ he was late was that he missed the early bus.,why,注意：,where, why, how, when 作 this is, that is 的表语，无疑问之意。 That is why they went there. why 译为“ 的原因” That is where my mother has worked for years. where译为” 的地方” 试比较： The trouble is where we can get the things we need. The problem is how scientists can keep in touch with the drivers under the sea.,注意：,表语从句中的 that 不能省略 表语从句中只能用 whether 不能用 if 表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序,1、that引导,问题是他把她的地址弄丢了。 The trouble is 我的看法是多弄些人做这工作。 My idea is 事实是她很害羞。 The truth is,that he has lost her address.,that we should get more people to do the work,that she is very shy,2、whether引导,问题是我们是否需要它。 The problem is 问题是这是否值得做。 The question is,whether we need it.,whether it is worth doing.,3、who, what, which, when, where, why, how, as if 等引导,问题是谁能干这工作 The problem is 这就是我所担心的事。 This is 问题在于这种治癌新药何时才能生产出来。 The problem is,who can do the job.,what I am worried about.,when the new medicine for cancer can be produced.,这就是他出生的地方 This is 问题是我们哪儿能买到这种材料。 The problem is 这是他迟到的原因。 That is 我想知道的是他为什么辍学。 What I want to know is 重要的是我们如何提高英文学习。 What matters is,where he was born.,where we can buy this kind of material.,why he was late.,why he dropped out of school.,how we can improve our English.,名词性从句中that 的省略,名词性从句中that 引导词在从句中不作任何成分，所以常 可省略。但在下列情况下，that不能省略。,1.主语从句，表语从句，同位 语从句中一般不省略that I just got the news that the mayor would come here. 2.两个以上的并列宾语从句中，第二个从句以后的that不能省略。 I know he is a doctor and that he has saved many patients. 3.介词in, but, except后的宾语从句中 that不省略。 I know nothing about him excep