大学英语精读第一册--U.ppt

Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English,-Practice makes perfect.,Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,English as an International Language,Warm-up Questions,1,2,Before Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,live in countries where English has official status,Read English,In the worlds electronic retrieval systems is stored in English,Speaks some English,Is learning English,Over 1.4 billion people,One out of five,Over 70% scientist,90% information,One in five,English Emerging as an International Language,English,Before Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,How many years have you been learning English?,What do you think of yourself as far as English learning is concerned?,Are you satisfied with the progress you have made? Why or why not?,1,2,3,Before Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.,Some Strategies for Learning English,Before Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Global Reading,1,2,3,Active Vocabulary & Passive Vocabulary,Common Problems in English-learning,Strategies to the Common Problems,Go over the text the fastest you can, and then find out the following information:,4,Strategies for English Learning,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Frequently used in speaking and writing,Seldom occur in daily life,Active Vocabulary,Passive Vocabulary,Commit it to memory,Recognize when read and listen,Do we need to remember all the words when we learn English?,Global Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Listen to English everyday Listen to English broadcasts Watch English TV See English movies,Seize and seek opportunities to speak Find native speakers to walk with them Rehearse aloud,Read widely A page a day is a great start,Writing compositions Have a pen pal Keep diary Write short story Summarize the daily news,Strategies for English Learning,Global Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Detailed Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Word Study,Detailed Reading,Difficult Sentences,Important Words,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Word Study,1 strategy n. （1）- 战略学，兵法 I admired the general who was a master of strategy. 我敬佩那位精通兵法的将军 （战略学家）。 （2）- 战略，策略 Ive worked out a strategy to deal with this situation. It must be a strategy to make me let him go on holiday alone.这一定是他用的计，好叫我让他独自一个人去度假。 strategic (adj.) a strategic decision 一项战略性决定 strategist （n.） 战略家,2. by no means: not at all e.g. This is by no means out of the ordinary. I am by no means satisfied with my present performance. 我对目前的表现一点也不满意。 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 这绝不是你第一次迟到。 She is by no means stupid. 她一点儿也不笨。 By means of 以-，借着- We express our thoughts _ words. By all means 无论如何，务必 by all / every means 当然可以，一定 Can I borrow your book? - _.(=Certainly) By no means / not by any means / by no manner of means 决不，一点也不,Means(n.): 1)method, way, approach方法，手段 The quickest means of travel is by plane. 2)money, income, wealth收入，（尤指足够过舒适生活的）财富 a man of means = a rich man to live beyond ones means = spend too much 用度超支，入不敷出 mean (adj.): 1) unwilling to give or share what one has; ungenerous 小气的，吝啬的 He is very mean with his money. 2) unkind, nasty 不客气的，无情的，刻薄的 It was mean of you not ro let the children play in the snow. meaning(n.),3. diligent (adj.) = industrious勤勉的 反义; lazy, idle He is not especially clever, but hes a diligent worker. be diligent in sth/ doing sth.对认真的 be diligent about sth. （做某事）尽心尽力的 diligent (adj.) - diligence (n.) different difference patient patience resident residence,4. Prolonged “ effort” &sustained “ hard work” Prolonged 和sustained 都是过去分词作形容词的用法。 - A prolonged period of low interest rates has discouraged people to save their money into the bank. a proloned silence/ absence - The conference discussion focuses on the sustained development of agriculture.,Prolong(v.)延长、拖延=expand,stretch, extend,lengthen,spread, widen eg：他又问了她一个问题，仅仅是为了延长谈话时间。 He asked her another question just to prolong the conversation. Many superstitious people believe that this medicine can prolong life. Sustain(v.) 支撑、维持 /忍受（困难）/ = tolerate /bear/ endure/ stand/ maintain/suffer/ support eg. 在医院里，惟一让我支撑下去的就是回家的想法。 The thought of getting home was the only thing that sustained me in the hospital. He couldnt sustain his interest in it.,6. Command: (n.) possession and mastery; knowledge of or the ability to use “gain a good of” a good command of: (knowledge of or the ability to use sth) “熟练掌握，精通” -He has a good command of English. 他精通英语。 -It takes a lot of skills to obtain a good job offer, including a good command of expressing yourself. 获得职位需要很多技巧，包括良好的表达能力。 -Those artists whose paintings are on display show a good of water color. -This young girls of English is really excellent.,(v.)(1) order - Do as I (you). (2)master拥有，掌握 - Many college students a large vocabulary. (3)overlook from a higher position俯瞰 - The house s a fine view of the sea.,7. Complain: (vi). express dissatisfaction, unhappiness, annoyance or pain - He complained that the exam was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了 - Some children complain that their parents nag at them. 一些孩子抱怨他们父母老是数落他们。 complain (to sb.) about/of sb./sth. 向某人抱怨某事 - Neighbors complained to the police about the noise from the building site. 街坊邻居们向警方投诉工地上传来的噪音。 - He complained to me about the food. 他向我抱怨伙食不佳。 - Ive really got nothing to complain of. 我确实没有什么可抱怨的。,cant complain 习惯表达方式，表示对某人某事的评价“没什么可说的” What was the weather like on your holiday? - Oh, I cant complain. 噢。没说的。 （要多好，有多好） Complaint (n.) make a complaint about,8. Memorize: (vt.) commit to memory; learn by heart - He studied his map, trying to memorize the way to Roses street. He could memorize nothing. 他什么也记不住。 The boy can memorize the data easily. 这男孩能轻松地记住这些数据。 An actor must be able to memorize his lines. 演员须善于熟记台词。 Memeory (n.) Shes got a bad memory for faces. in memory of 纪念 memorable (adj.) 值得纪念/回忆的 The film was memorable for its fine acting.,memorize, remember, recall. & remind (v) “记忆，记住，回忆” Memorize指有意识的下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。例如： -Dont write down your PIN number, memorize it. 不要把你的密码写下来，记住它。 Remember表示记得，多指无意识地回忆起往事。例如： -He remembers every detail of that occurrence as though it happened yesterday. 那件事的前前后后他都记得一清二楚，仿佛发生在昨天一样。 Recall指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。例如： - I seem to recall Ive met him before somewhere. 我好像以前在哪里见过他。 Remind指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。例如：- If I forget, please remind me. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。,9. cram: v. = fill/ load/ pack/ stuff 1) force (sth.) into a small space -A lot of information has been crammed into this book. 2) make (sth.) full - We all crammed in and Peter started the car. - 36,000 spectators crammed into the stadium to see the game. 三万六千名观众挤进运动场观看比赛。 Cram into 勉强塞入，填满 Cram oneself 吃饱，填饱肚子 Cram up 死记硬背（功课），临时抱佛脚,10. Bound: (adj.) ( 1) certain or very likely -I knew that the invitation was bound to come. -When you are handling so many affairs at a time, mistakes are bound to happen. 你一次处理这么多事务，肯定会出错。 2) obliged to do (sth.) or having the duty to do (sth.) 负有义务的，有责任的 -Tom felt bound to tell Joanna the truth. 3) travelling towards a particular place or in a particular direction开往去的 - The plane is bound for US.,be bound to do sth: (be sure to )“ 肯定，注定, 一定会, “ She would be bound to like it! 她一定喜欢. You are bound to succeed if you learn more useful sentence patterns. 如果你学习更多实用句型，你将成功征服英语！ The earths climate is bound to change significantly in the future！ 全球气候必将发生显著的变化！,12. commit: v. 1) do (sth.) wrong or illegal Women commit fewer crimes than men. 2) say that (sb.) will definitely do (sth.) or must do (sth.) He has clearly committed his government to continuing economic reform. 这一奖学金要求学生们必须在公立学校授课。 The scholarship commits students to teaching in public schools 3) pledge devotion to (sb. or sth.) He wasnt yet ready to commit to the relationship.,Collocation: commit a crime/error/murder/arson/suicide 犯罪/犯错/犯谋杀罪/犯纵火罪/自杀 commit (sb.) to doing (sth.) 向某人承诺做某事 commit oneself to (sth.) 致力于 commit (sb./sth.) to (sth.) 为某一特定目的而使用人力或物力 commit (sth.) to memory把记住 commit (sth.) to paper 把写下来 commit (sth.) to flames 烧毁某物, 将某物付之一炬,Commit to memory: memorize; learn by heart - Can you commit to memory all the main points of the lecture? - I tried to commit all the poems to memory. - You must be choosy; select what you want to commit to memory and allow your mind to forget the rest.,13 acquaintance: n. 1) somebody you know a little She was a casual acquaintance of my family in Vienna. We are only casual acquaintances. 我们只是泛泛之交。 He and I are not real friends, only nodding acquaintances. 我和他实在不算是朋友,只是点头之交而已。 She has many acquaintances in the business community. 她在商界有不少熟人。 2) knowledge of sb. or sth. I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know it well. 我稍懂些英语, 但并不精通。 He has a passing/some acquaintance with a lot of different subjects. The practice of a lawyer requires acquaintance with court procedures.律师工作要求熟悉法庭程序。,Collocation: casual acquaintance偶尔见面的人 make somebodys acquaintance第一次见某人,结识某人 mutual acquaintance双方都认识的人 have a passing/nodding acquaintance with sth. 对知之甚少/ 点头之交，略知一二 acquaint (v.) acquaint sb. with sth.使某人了解,把通知某人 She acquainted them with facts. be acquainted (with) 与相识 Were already acquainted with each other.,16 .On a basis: according to a certain rule, spirit or frequency“以某种方式地“ On a regular basis 经常，定期 on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周 He will visit Eastern Asia on a regular basis. 也因此，他将会定期走访东亚地区。 The milkman sends us milk on a regular basis. These workers are paid on a daily basis. 这些工人按天领薪。 - 12% of Americans report they have difficulty sleeping on a frequent basis. - Patients are cared for on a “first-come-first- serve”（先到者先服务）basis.,17. In addition to : (besides)“除以外，还” -There is a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge. in addition to表示“除之外”，后接具体事物； in addition 在句中作状语，表示“此外”。 The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes free shareware 这家公司提供廉价的因特网访问服务。此外，还做免费的共享软件。 In addition to music, I also like the computer. I like music. In addition, I also like the computer. They eat a great deal of fruit in addition. 他们还吃大量的水果。,20.environment: n. Young children often feel happier in the home environment environment, circumstance & surroundings这三个词都有“环境”之意。 environment表示由周围的人、物等一切物质和精神因素所构成的环境。例如： A pleasant working environment is of vital importance. 有一个令人愉快的工作环境是极其重要的。 circumstance通常用复数，表示对局势产生影响的各种条件的总和。例如： Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances 犯人们只有在某些情况下才能离开他们的牢房。 surroundings指环境时只可用复数形式，表示各种物体所构成的物质上的自然环境。例如： He switched on the light and examined his surroundings他打开灯，仔细检查四周。,Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. Mike, unhappy in an of post-war confusion, spent more and more time among his collection of great paintings. will force us finally to adopt this policy. He woke in the familiar of his hotel room. Different involve adopting different tactics.,environment,Circumstances,surroundings,circumstances,21.Reliable (adj.)=dependable Shes not very reliable. a reliable source of information rely: vi. Rely on (sb. / sth.) for / to do (sth): trust or depend on (sb. or sth.) I knew I could rely on David to look after my parents. You can rely on me for help.你可指望我来帮忙。 He had proved that he could be relied on in a crisis.他已表明在紧要关头他是可以信赖的。 We rely on his finishing the work today.我们信赖他今天能完工。,23 apart (ad.) Fall apart 土崩瓦解 take apart 把拆开 Tell apart 区分，区别I cant tell the twins apart. Apart from: as well as, besides除以外(无)/（尚有）“ -Apart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops. The house stands apart from the village. 那栋房子在村外。 There can be no knowledge apart from practice. 离开实践就没有知识。 Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good. 除了一些拼写错误, 这篇文章写得很不错。 Apart from that, all goes well. 撇开那一点, 一切顺利。,CF: besides, except, except for & apart from 这几个词和短语都有“除之外”的意思。 Besides表示“除了还有”。例如： -Besides Li Ming, there are many other students attending the meeting. Except表示“除去，不包括”。例如： -He goes to work everyday except Sunday Except for表示“除以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。例如： Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.,24 assign: (give a task to sb) 指派，分配任务 The teacher assigned students much homework. I was assigned to do the job. Assignment (n.) Our teacher gave us many assignments to do. Our trecher assigned us a lot of homework, but we had no time for these assignments.,27. absorb:(take in) 汲取；理解(知识)；使全神贯注 Dry earth absorbs water quickly. 干土吸水很快。 They absorbed a great deal of the Roman culture. 他们大量地吸收了罗马文化。 be absorbed in sth/doing sth“着迷于，被所吸引,全神贯注于” 老人全神贯注地读这本书。 The old man was absorbed in the book.,1. at fault: responsible for something bad that has happened The police said that the driver was at fault. 关于空气污染大多数人认为是钢铁厂的责任。 As for air pollution, most people believe that steel factories are at fault. My memory is at fault. 我想不起来了。 我完全错了。I am quite at fault. When a marriage broke up, it is hard to say who is at fault.,3. watch out for =look out for; pay attention to What problems should I watch out for when buying an old house? Watch out for the spy s wiretapping when you have the meeting. 你们开会的时候当心间谍窃听。 Watch out for the thieves on the bus. 要提防公交车上的小偷。 Watch out for cars when you cross the road. 过马路时当心车辆。,7. feel free to do sth - dont worry about doing sth 做某事不拘束，自由做某事 Please feel free to ask me anything concerning me. 有关我个人的事，请随便问吧。 Internet chat rooms make people feel free to express themselves. 请别客气，尽管打电话给我. Feel free to call me. 请尽管随时来访。 Please feel free to visit anytime.,9. put into practice - carry out or perform实施;执行 The law should be put in practice as soon as possible. 应该尽快实施这项法规。 Weve made our plans, and now we must put them into practice. 我们定好了计划, 现在必须把它们付诸实施。 Joan was keen to put some of the things she had learned into practice. 对任何理论，先要融会贯通，才谈得上运用自如。 One must have thoroughly mastered a theory before one can put it into practice properly.,Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort. Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.,Some Strategies for Learning English,Detailed Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,prolonged,1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.,Detailed Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,V. commit (sth.) to memory memorize & remember,be bound to 肯定；有义务 be bound for,happen -rred, on sth.: focus on sth.,2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, “I am interested in English”, but “I am good at French”? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, “learn the news or secret”, but “learn of someones success or arrival”? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives. 3. Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In addition to language tapes especially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it over and over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more.,Detailed Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,in addition to in addition,4. Seize opportunities to speak. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English.,Detailed Reading,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,5. Read widely. It is important to read wide