复旦教材-定语从句.ppt

定语从句 Attributive clause,定语从句 Youre the person who deeply shocked me.,先行词 Youre the person who deeply shocked me. *先行词可以不只是一个词，还可以是一个短语、一个完整的句子。 I like watching soap operas, which is my favorite hobby. She was always late for appointments, which annoyed most of her friends.,关系词 Youre the person who deeply shocked me. *关系代词（which, that, who, whom, whose） 关系副词 (when, where, why) 准关系代词(as, than, etc),eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行词,关系副词,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,关系代词 who/whom/whose/which/that .who/whom的用法 1.先行词指人 This woman is a famous actress and she is also a singer. This woman is a famous actress who is also a singer.,2.who/whom的区别 She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.,. whose的用法： Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.,. which的用法： 1.先行词指物 We are studying grammar. It contains attributive clauses. We are studying grammar which contains attributive clauses. 2. which可以指代 a.单个名词 Love is a magic which can make people lovely.,b.单个短语 The newly built cafe, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us ,especially after hard work. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.,c.整个句子 He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying. The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.,. that的用法： 1.先行词可指人可指物 2.that不用在非限制性定语从句中 3.that不能前接介词 The world that we live in is made up of matter. 4.最好用that的情况 A.先行词既有人又有物时 The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.,B.先行词为指物的all / little / few / much / none / the first 时 As long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome. C.先行词是不定代词something / anything / nothing / everything 时 Is there anything that I can do for you?,D.先行词被any / only / all / every / no / some / much / few / little / 序数词 / 最高级 / the only / the one / the very / the right / the last 修饰时 The thought of going back home was all that kept him happy while he was working abroad,*在从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 a. Sam likes the gift which we sent for his birthday. b. Sam likes the gift that we sent for his birthday. c. Sam likes the gift we sent for his birthday.,. when 的用法: 1.先行词是表时间的名词，when=on which Ill never forget the day when I met you. Ill never forget the day on which I met you.,关系副词 常见的关系副词有when, where, why,2. when在从句中作时间状语： Ill never forget the time which I spent on campus. Ill never forget the day when we first met in the park. 若定语从句不是缺状语，而是缺主语或宾语，要用which/that来引导。,3.when 的先行词可以是含有时间意义的抽象名词。 Shell never forget her stay there when she found her son who had gone missing two years before.,. Where 的用法 1.先行词是表地点的名词，如place/house等。Where=at/in which This is the town where I spent my childhood. This is the town in which I spent my childhood.,2. where在句中作地点状语：若定语从句缺主语或宾语，要用which/that引导定语从句。 This is the town where I spent my childhood. This is the town which I told you about before. 3. where 的先行词可以是含有地点意义的抽象名词，如situation, point等。 After graduation she reached a point in her career where she heeded to decide what to do.,. Why的用法： 1. 先行词是reason等表原因的名词 why=for which You are the reason why I stay. 2. *只引导限制性定语从句,介词+关系代词 .从定语从句中找线索 1.定语从句中的动词：所选介词需于动词搭配 Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.,2.定语从句中的形容词 He referred me to some reference book with which I am not very familiar. 3.定语从句中的名词 I am sending you an inquiry, to which your prompt attention is highly appreciated.,ii.表示所属关系或部分关系与整体关系时用介词of For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, of which New York is an example.,限制性和非限制定语从句 1形式上区别： “逗号” 2. 意义上的区别： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句,* 如果定语从句修饰的是一个专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句。 C.可限制性也可非限制性的定语从句： 二者强调的意义不一样。 He has a daughter who works in a hospital. He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.,*两种定语从句翻译有差别： The food, which wasnt in the fridge, all went off. The food which wasnt in the fridge all went off.,that引导的定语从句和同位语从句 区别： 1.that是否作成分 2.从句的作用 The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue. The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.,准关系代词 as的用法 1.as引导限制性定语从句时，只出现在固定的结构中，如such, the same, as, so的后面 He tried to make as few mistakes as he could avoided. 2.as引导非限制性定语从句可位于句首 As is known, the whale is not fish but a mammal. 3.as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面整个句子。 He saw the girl, as/which he had hoped.,