基础综合英语(研究生)U.ppt

main,Unit 5 Success and Happiness,PartA_ Lead-in1,Pre-listening,Listening,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,You will hear a talk about the secret of success with a good case in point. Before listening, try to figure out the point and the good example with the help of the following key words and phrases selected from the talk.,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Lead-in2,Pre-listening,Listening,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Word Building,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Listening,Match each of the words and expressions in the left column with its meaning in the right.,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,1. prolific 2. bask 3. pitfall 4. sprint 5. complacent 6. oblivion 7. parlance 8. wane 9. trait 10. sidetrack 11. to the hilt 12. feed off,PartA_ Word Building,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Listening,A. completely B. unexpected danger or difficulty C. (fig.) enjoy; enjoy warmth and light D. state of being forgotten E. calmly satisfied with oneself, ones work, etc. F. to run of a short distance at full speed G. to weaken in strength or influence H. particular way of speaking or use of words, phraseology I. (esp. passive) divert (sb.) from the main topic or issue J. element is sb.s personality; distinguishing characteristic K. to increase L. (of a writer or artist, etc.) producing many works,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,多产的；众多的,取暖；享乐,圈套；诱惑,全速短跑,自满的,遗忘；淹没,腔调，说法,衰退；衰退期,特点,转移目标,次要地位,完全地，彻底地,依靠提供的东西维持（生活）,1. Shakespeare was a writer. 2. The old people always themselves in the sun. 3. This text presents many for the translator. 4. He past the other runners just before reaching the tape. 5. We must not be about our achievements; there is still a lot to be done. 6. Alcoholics often suffer from periods of . 7. The term “meta directory” came into industry two years ago. 8. Her enthusiasm for the expedition was rapidly. 9. I was from my work by an unexpected visitor.,PartA_ Word Building,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Listening,bask,Fill in the following blanks with the previous words.,_,prolific,_,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,pitfalls,_,sprinted,_,complacent,_,_,oblivion,_,waning,_,parlance,_,sidetracked,_,PartA_ Background Information,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Thomas Edison (1847-1931) He was a poor student. When a schoolmaster called him “addled”, his furious mother took him out of the school and proceeded to teach him at home. Thomas Edison said many years later, “My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me, and I felt I had something to live for, someone I must not disappoint.” At an early age, he showed a fascination for mechanical things and for chemical experiments.,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Background Information,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio; the seventh and last child of Samuel and Nancy Edison. When he was seven his family moved to Port Huron, Michigan and Edison lived there until he struck out on his own at the age of sixteen. He had very little formal education as a child, attending school only for a few months. He was taught reading, writing, and arithmetic by his mother, but was always a very curious child and taught himself much by reading on his own. This belief in self-improvement remained throughout his life. But not everything Thomas Edison created was a success he also had a few failures.,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,a, b, f.,PartA_ Listening1,Pre-listening,Listening,Listen to the talk. Choose from the following options the points the speaker might agree with.,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,a. Persistence is the secret of final success. b. Anybody can be great and perform completely for a short time. c. People should be content with their success and enjoy it. d. Talented people are never going to drift. e. People who are constantly changing their careers are likely to succeed. f. People should not remain in their comfort zone.,Main points:,_,PartA_ Listening3,Listen to the talk again and complete the answers to the following questions.,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,1) What does the speaker try to tell us by citing the example of Thomas Edison? It is a good example of . 2) According to the speaker, what kind of people will ultimately pull ahead and wind up on top? They are the ones who . They keep , not becoming by success. 3) According to the speaker, how do those people who finally succeed think about the pursuit of excellence? They understand that the pursuit of excellence is a , not a .,persistence,_,raising the bar,_,discouraged by pitfalls or complacent,_,marathon,_,sprint,_,PartA_ Listening4,4) In sports jargon, what does persistence mean? Persistence means . 5) According to the speaker, what often happens to the talented people who never seem to reach their potential? These people often have , then seem to . 6) According to the speaker, what will happen to people who are constantly changing careers? They become about their new job and feed off the momentum for a while to perform well. But when this and they realize they arent to the job in the long term, their success and they .,great early success,_,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,enthusiastic,_,newness wears off,_,incredibly,_,committed to sticking,_,begins to wane,_,start to fail,_,fade into oblivion,_,PartA_ Listening-sprit,Pre-listening,Listening,After youve started to master the techniques, the real struggle is just beginning. Its persistence that makes you great. Its persistence that allows you to reach your dreams. Its persistence that enables you to perform at your fullest potential. There might be no better example of persistence than Thomas Edison. A prolific inventor, Edison received about 1,000 patents in his lifetime, including those for the photograph, microphone, and the incandescent electric lamp. He certainly had more than his share of great victories along the way. But think of how many failures Edison had, literally thousands. To his great credit, though, Edison didnt see them as such. When reminded that he had failed something like 25,000 times while experimenting with the storage battery, Edison supposedly responded by saying, “No, I didnt fail. I discovered 24,999 ways that the storage battery does not work.”,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Listening-sprit,Pre-listening,Listening,What a marvelous look. An outlook we all can learn something from. The thing to remember is that anybody can be great and perform to the hilt for a day, a week, even a month. We know people in all walks of life who get on a great roll, ride the adrenaline high, and wonderful things begin to happen. Then all too often, they begin to feel content. Theyve made a change, right? Theyve become more successful, right? So why not relax and enjoy it, bask for a moment in the newfound success? But the people who will ultimately pull ahead and wind up on top are the ones who make personal excellence a lifelong commitment. These are the people who go after it day after day. They keep raising the bar, not becoming discouraged by pitfalls or complacent by success. They understand that the pursuit of excellence is a marathon, not a sprint. The dictionary says persistence is refusing to give up, or let go. Persevering obstinately. Continuing despite opposition. In sports parlance, persistence means hanging in the game, not tossing in the towel, refusing to quit. In life, its the same thing.,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Listening-sprit,Pre-listening,Listening,The persistent person raises the bar to seemingly unreachable heights, and then establishes the methods necessary to reach those heights. The persistent person knows that letting up will only get him back to the starting point. We all know talented people who never seem to reach their potential. These people often have great early success, then seem to fade into oblivion. Those who lack persistence start out with the best intentions, but they eventually drift. This trait is quite characteristic, for example, of people who are constantly changing careers. They become enthusiastic about their new job and feed off this momentum for a while to perform well. But when this newness wears off and they realize they arent incredibly committed to sticking to that job in the long term, their success begins to wane and they start to fail. Why?,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Listening-sprit,Pre-listening,Listening,Because they are not persistent. They get sidetracked, or they get distracted. They might have everything else going for them. A strong work ethic, the right methods, all the best intentions. But they dont have persistence. We all know talented people who seem reluctant to take the extra step that can make them great at what they do. Like the employee who does everything thats asked of her, yet everyone knows that she could do more if she only pushed herself a little harder: such people find their comfort zone and are content to remain there.,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Listening-sprit2,Pre-listening,Listening,After youve started to master the techniques, the real struggle is just beginning. Its persistence that makes you great. Its persistence that allows you to reach your dreams. Its persistence that enables you to perform at your fullest potential. There might be no better example of persistence than Thomas Edison. A prolific inventor, Edison received about 1,000 patents in his lifetime, including those for the photograph, microphone, and the incandescent electric lamp. He certainly had more than his share of great victories along the way. But think of how many failures Edison had, literally thousands. To his great credit, though, Edison didnt see them as such. When reminded that he had failed something like 25,000 times while experimenting with the storage battery, Edison supposedly responded by saying, “No, I didnt fail. I discovered 24,999 ways that the storage battery does not work.”,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Listening-sprit,Pre-listening,Listening,What a marvelous look. An outlook we all can learn something from. The thing to remember is that anybody can be great and perform to the hilt for a day, a week, even a month. We know people in all walks of life who get on a great roll, ride the adrenaline high, and wonderful things begin to happen. Then all too often, they begin to feel content. Theyve made a change, right? Theyve become more successful, right? So why not relax and enjoy it, bask for a moment in the newfound success? But the people who will ultimately pull ahead and wind up on top are the ones who make personal excellence a lifelong commitment. These are the people who go after it day after day. They keep raising the bar, not becoming discouraged by pitfalls or complacent by success. They understand that the pursuit of excellence is a marathon, not a sprint. The dictionary says persistence is refusing to give up, or let go. Persevering obstinately. Continuing despite opposition. In sports parlance, persistence means hanging in the game, not tossing in the towel, refusing to quit. In life, its the same thing.,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Listening-sprit,Pre-listening,Listening,The persistent person raises the bar to seemingly unreachable heights, and then establishes the methods necessary to reach those heights. The persistent person knows that letting up will only get him back to the starting point. We all know talented people who never seem to reach their potential. These people often have great early success, then seem to fade into oblivion. Those who lack persistence start out with the best intentions, but they eventually drift. This trait is quite characteristic, for example, of people who are constantly changing careers. They become enthusiastic about their new job and feed off this momentum for a while to perform well. But when this newness wears off and they realize they arent incredibly committed to sticking to that job in the long term, their success begins to wane and they start to fail. Why?,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartA_ Listening-sprit,Pre-listening,Listening,Because they are not persistent. They get sidetracked, or they get distracted. They might have everything else going for them. A strong work ethic, the right methods, all the best intentions. But they dont have persistence. We all know talented people who seem reluctant to take the extra step that can make them great at what they do. Like the employee who does everything thats asked of her, yet everyone knows that she could do more if she only pushed herself a little harder: such people find their comfort zone and are content to remain there.,Part A,Part B,Part C,Success Is a Choice,PartB_lead in1,You will hear an excerpt of an interview where “Today show” host Meredith Vieira talks with Daniel Gilbert, a professor of psychology at Harvard and author of Stumbling on Happiness, about how people can be happier. Before listening, read what Daniel Gilbert said in the interview and guess the questions raised by the interviewer. Compare your guesses with a partners.,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Can We Find Happiness,PartB_lead in2,Pre-listening,Background Information,Question 1:,So why are we so lousy at predicting whats gonna make us happy?,Professor Gilbert: Thats a great question, one that economists, psychologists and neuroscientists have been thinking about now for over a decade. You know those things do make you happy, they just dont make you happy for as long as you anticipate.,Listening,Word Building,Lead-in,Part A,Part B,Part C,Can We Find Happiness,PartB_lead in3,Pre-listening,Background Information,Question 2:,Why did you say that happiness is a place you visit not a place you stay?,Professor Gilbert: Well, you know, happiness is a noun, then, so we make a mistake of thinking of it like an object, thats a toaster and once I can get it, then thats mine, then I get to keep it. Happiness is a temporary state that we can visit, we can go there more often if we are smart about it, but its not a place we can stay.,Listening,Word Building,Lead-in,Part A,Part B,Part C,Can We Find Happiness,Question 3:,Is being happy self-delusion?,Professor Gilbert: Im not gonna say self-delusion, but it certainly self-generated.,PartB_ Word Building1,Match each of the words in the left column with its meaning in the right.,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,lousy exhilaration euphoric prudent wear self-delusion,avoiding risks and uncertainties B. extremely happy and exciting C. a strong feeling of excitement and happiness D. (infml.) very bad or ill E. (an act of) allowing yourself to believe something that is not true F. to disappear or be removed gradually,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Can We Find Happiness,PartB_ Word Building2,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Fill in the following blanks with the previous words.,1. The food upsets my stomach. 2. Her mood could swing rapidly from gloom to . 3. I just want to give you some idea of how it feels, to experience the wonderful feeling of hypnosis relaxation. 4. It would be to save some of the money. 5. The rear tires began to . 6. Emotionalism and may cloud judgment.,exhilaration,_,lousy,_,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Can We Find Happiness,euphoric,_,prudent,_,wear,_,self-delusion,_,PartB_ Background Information1,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Daniel Gilbert is the Harvard College Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. His research with Tim Wilson on “affective forecasting” investigates how and how well people can make predictions about the emotional impact of future events. Dan has won numerous awards for his teaching an research from the Guggenheim Fellowship to the American Psychological Associations Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology.,1. Daniel Gilbert,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Can We Find Happiness,PartB_ Background Information2,Dans research has been covered by The New York Times Magazine, Forbes, Money, CNN, U.S. News & World Report, The New Yorker, Scientific American, Oprah Magazine, Psychology Today, and many others.,Word Building,Lead-in,Background Information,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Part C,Can We Find Happiness,PartB_ Background Information3,2. Stumbling on Happiness Most of us spend our lives steering ourselves toward the best of all possible futures, only to find that tomorrow rarely turns out as we had presumed. Why? As Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert explains, when people try to imagine what the future will hold, they make some basic and consistent mistakes. Just as memory plays tricks on us when we try to look backward in time, so does imagination play tricks when we try to look forward.,Using cutting-edge research, much of it original, Gilbert shakes, cajoles, persuades, tricks, and jokes us into accepting the fac