英语从句分类 专升本.ppt

【专升本 英语 语法基础】 从 句 部 分 By Gordon ,【名词性从句】 1.主语从句： What you need is more practice. It is still unknown when we shall go to the concert. (it作形式主语) 2. 宾语从句： We must find out who did all this. I think it best that you should stay here. (it作形式宾语) He will do whatever the teacher asks him to do. (名词性关系代词引导),返回,【状语从句】 一、时间状语从句 1. 常用的引导词： when, as, while, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardlywhen, by the time, every time 2. 时间状语从句要用一般现在是(过去时)代替一般将来时(过去将来时)。 I will tell you when he comes back. When he will come back is unknown to us all.,二、条件状语从句 常用if; unless (=ifnot); once; on condition that; so / as long as 等连词来引导。注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词也同样要用一般现在时（过去时）代替一般将来时（过去将来时）。 We cant write to Mr. White unless he sends us his address. If he comes here tomorrow, Ill let you know. 比较： I dont know whether he will come here tomorrow or not. 三、让步状语从句 1. 常用的连词：although; though; as if / though; if even / though; whether; no matter how/what/who/when/where (however; whoever; whenever; wherever) Whether it rains or not I will start tomorrow. I dont know whether it will rain or not. 2. although, though, as常可互换，可与yet连用，但不可以和but连用。Although不能用倒装语序，though可以用倒装语序，as一定要用倒装语序。,Young as he is / Though he is young, he knows a lot. Though / Although he was old, but he worked hard. (错) Though / Although he was old, yet he worked hard. (对) 四、地点状语从句 常用where, wherever等词引导，注意不要和where引导的定语从句（where前须有地点的名词作为先行词）想混淆。 Please put the book where it can be easily found. Please put the book in the place where it can be found easily. 五、原因状语从句 常用because, since, as, now that等词引导。Because表示未知的原因，其前可带否定词或其他修饰词，可用于强调结构；since和as表示已知的原因，所引导的从句常谓语主句前面，且since和as都不与so连用。 The doctor looks tired and sleepy simply because he sat up all night with the patient. Since / As everyone is here, lets begin our class.,六、结果状语从句 常由so that, so / such that引导，位于主句后，具体句型如下： （1）such + a/an + adj. + 单数可数名词 + that 从句 = so + adj. + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句 He made such an excellent speech that we all admired him. He made so excellent a speech that we all admired him. （2）such + adj. + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + that 从句 They are such funny stories that I want to read them again. I made such rapid progress that my parents praised me. （3）so + adj./adv. + that 从句 He spoke so fast that we couldnt follow him. She is so pretty that I couldnt help falling in love with her. （4）so + many/few + 复数名词或 much/little 不可数名词 + that 从句 He has so little money that he cant but the book. (对) He has such little money that he cant but the book. (错) I have so many memories that I couldnt forget.,七、目的状语从句 常由 so that (不能放在句首)与 in order to (句首句中都可以)引导。从句中常有 may, might, can, could 等词。 We go to school so that/in order that we may learn. He got up early so that he might be in time for the first bus. (目的) He got up early so that he was in time for the first bus. (结果) In order to catch the first bus, he got up early this morning. 八、方式状语从句 常由 just as; as if / though引导。注意：as if / though 引导的从句谓语多用虚拟语气，但当从句中所陈述的情况如果或可能是事实或可能实现时，也可用陈述语气。 The professor told the students to do as he did. He talks as if he knew all about it.,九、比较状语从句 1. 用than, more / less than引导。 Michael is taller than me. / Marry is less clever than her brother. 2. “as + adj. / adv. 原级 + as”和 “not + as / so + adj. / adv.原级 + as”引导。 This book is as good as that one. / She can not run as / so fast as I. 3. 如果要表达“几倍于”应用“倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as ”句型 This road is four times/twice as long as that one. 4. 用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”(越就越)引导。 The busier Michael is, the happier he feels. The harder you study, the greater progress you will make.,【宾语从句】 概念：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句或在主句中担当宾语的从句。 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序 和 时态。 连接词：that (指人或者物)，which (指物)，who (指人) 注意：1. 从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将其省略，直接与主句相连。 2. 从句为一般疑问句，常选择连词 if 或 whether。在“whetheror not”结构中不能用 if 替换。 3. 从句为特殊疑问句，常选择 what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代词，副词作连接词。当 who 为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 时态：1. 主句用一般现在时，从句可用任何时态。 2. 主句用一般过去时，从句用过去将来，完成时。 3. 主句用一般过去时，若从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。,1.宾语从句的连接词 从属连词：that; if; whether 注意：that 引导表示“陈述句”的宾语从句，而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。 2.动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip ? 常用动词短语：make sure; make up ones mind; keepin mind Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in. 用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water ever day. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. We take it that you will agree with us. We discovered what we had learned was valuable.,3. if, whether 在宾语从句中的区别 a. if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后，介词后一般不用if。 b. 少数动词，如：leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。 c. whether可以和or not连用, 但是if不可以。 d. 在不定式前只能用whether: I cant decide whether to go (or not). e. 在表示避免歧义时，用whether, 不用if.,4. 宾语从句的否定转移 I dont think he will come to my party. I think h