某年交大工程硕士英语考试真题

2008年西安交通大学（工程硕士）专业学位研究生试题考试科目基 础 英 语考试日期2008年4月26日考试地点Time Allowed: 150 MIN.Part I: Structure and Vocabulary (20)Section ADirections: In this section there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A. B. C. and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. People all over the world have learned to _ solar power as a source of energy.A. expendB. utilizeC. consumeD. destroy2. Please turn off the TV. The noise will _you from your work.A. abstractB. distractC. subtractD. extract3. The possession of language enables man to pass on his _ his children and grandchildren.A. intellectB. intelligenceC. wisdomD. brains4. It can be hard work teaching a class of _ children.A. liveB. aliveC. life D. lively5. Today many young peoples ambition is to find a well-paid _ at a multi-national corporation.A. jobB. workC. careerD. occupation6. There was _ competition among youths to enter the best colleges.A. tenseB. intensiveC. intenseD. extensive7. To enjoy a picnic on the beach is my fathers _ for the weekend.A. adviceB. proposalC. suggestionD. schedule8. He is just a man of _ height and he has no differences from other in terms of appearance.A. averageB. commonC. ordinaryD. standard9. The enterprise _ through lack of support.A. collapseB. fallsC. fellD. collapsed10. Education should aim to _ childrens mind to its utmost potential.A. harnessB. cultivateC. useD. foster11. Medicine has always been a very male-dominated _. A. occupation B. professionC. career D. job12. Affairs between doctors and patients are a matter of _. A. rulesB. moralsC. criteriaD. ethics13. This project has been granted an annual _ of $ 40 million. A. fundB. paymentC. budgetD. capital14. I cannot believe that it is _ to spend so much money on it. A. sensible B. sensitive C. sensory D. sensational 15. Only part of your character is inherited from your parents. The rest comes from your _. A. surroundings B. circumstances C. environment D. condition 16. What we are trying to do is to _ young people to be responsible citizens. A. teach B. educateC. instructD. train17. The modern worlds pursuit of material ends to the neglect of its _ needs. A. spiritualB. intellectualC. mentalD. intelligent18. Due to road works, three lanes of traffic have to _ into two. A. divergeB. divertC. convergeD. divide19. If he _ in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss. A. continues B. persistsC. proceedsD. insists20. Tom is _ enough to aspire to conversational fluency in Chinese in two months. A. competitiveB. successfulC. energeticD. ambitious21. Science and technology have in important ways _ to the improvement of agricultural production. A. witnessedB. assistedC. attachedD. contributed22. Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster _ we radically change way welive. A. butB. althoughC. unless D. lest23. For professional athletes, _ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books. A. accessB. attachmentC. appealD. approach24. The native Canadians lived in _ with nature, for they respected nature as a provider of life. A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmony25. The mayor_ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims. A. rewardedB. awardedC. creditedD. prized26. The writer was so _ in her work that she didnt notice him enter the room _. A. absorbedB. abandonedC. focusedD. centered27. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great _. A. fareB. paymentC. worthD. expense28. With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be _. A. laid asideB. laid outC. laid upD. laid off29. Lung cancer, like some other cancers, often doesnt produce_ until it is too late and has spread beyond the chest to the brain, liver or bones.A. symbolsB. trailsC. therapiesD. symptoms30. Tom, did it ever_ to you that you would be punished for cheating on exams? A. strikeB. happenC. occurD. reflectSection BDirections: In this section there are 10 sentences. Each of the sentences has an underlined part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 31. Behind these obvious ridiculous motives to anti-Jewish attitudes there was a deeper cause.A. unreasonable B. sad C. reasonable D. encouraging32. They acknowledged him to be the true God.A. received B. admitted C. thought D. believed33. The safety factor is primary in all underwater operations.A. perfect B. the full view C. maximum D. principal34. The Basque separatist movement is waging a campaign against the GovernmentA. conducting B. planning C. paying D. engaging35. The London stock market surged to its highest level.A. moved backwardB. repeatedC. supportedD. moved upward36. He has committed such a blunder, no one can save him this time.A. made B. met C. ceased D. created37. Sophisticated edit facilities allow complicated musical forms to be created.A. Expensive B. High quality C. Clever D. Complicated38. He was escorted by a group of soldiers under the command of Sarsfield.A. safe-guarded B. captured C. arrested D. lead39. The young man dreamed that a rich relative would die and leave him a legacy.A. heritage B. will C. house D. lot of money40. Joy was now having her hair done, seated on a mat on the floor.A. chair B. bench C. small carpet D. stoolPart II: Cloze (10)In every cultivated language, there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words _41_ which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we _42_, that is to say, from the _43_ of our own family and from our familiar associates, and _44_ we should know and use _45_ we could not read or write. They _46_ the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who _47_ the language. Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people _48_ and are not the exclusive _49_ of a limited class. On the other hand, our language _50_ a multitude of words which are comparatively _51_ used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little _52_ to use them at home or in the market-place. Our _53_ acquaintance with them comes not from our mothers _54_ or from the talk of our school-mates, _55_ from books that we read, lectures that we _56_, or the more _57_ conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular _58_ in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual _59_ of everyday life. Such words are called “learned”, and the _60_ between them and the “popular” words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.41. A. at B. with C. by D. through42. A. study B. imitate C. stimulate D. learn43. A. mates B. relatives C. members D. fellows44. A. which B. that C. those D. ones45. A. even B. despite C. even if D. in spite of46. A. mind B. concern C. care D. involve47. A. hire B. apply C. adopt D. use48. A. in public B. at most C. at large D. at best49. A. right B. privilegeC. share D. possession50. A. consists B. comprises C. constitutes D. composes51. A. seldom B. much C. never D. often52. A. prospect B. wayC. reason D. necessity53. A. primary B. first C. principal D. prior54. A. tips B. mouth C. lips D. tongue55. A. besides B. and C. or D. but56. A. hear of B. attend C. hear from D. listen57. A. former B. formula C. formal D. formative58. A. theme B. topic C. idea D. point59. A. border B. link C. degree D. extent60. A. diversion B. distinction C. diversity D. similarityPart III Reading Comprehension (40)Directions: In this part, youll read five passages. After each passage, there are four questions for you to answer, please mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneWhile anything can happen in the world of gold, no one expects bullion price to rise anytime soon. Desperation sales by Asian citizens and governments have been depressing gold prices for months. At this autumns price of about $290 an ounce, gold is going for 10 percent less than last fall and 25 percent less than in 1996.American jewelry counters barely reflect that steep decline. A survey by the World Gold Council found that Americans paid about $83 for the typical piece of gold jewelry this summer, down about $2 from what they paid in 1996. “Most retail jewelers have lowered prices,” says Michael Paolercio, CEO of Michael Anthony Jewelers, one of the nations largest manufacturers of gold jewelry. “Have they lowered them dollar for dollar? No.”Shoppers elsewhere buy gold jewelry with the sharp eye of an investor. But U.S. shoppers grab gold like blinded magpies, and they seem to disregard prices. In a 1997 survey of 2,107 Americans, the World Gold Council found that 85 percent didnt know about the daily price of gold. Worse, almost half of those who thought they knew were way off.As a result, the cheaper cost of raw gold has generally meant higher profits for retailers. Zale Corp., the nations largest jewelry retailer, for example, saw profits rise 36 percent in the year ending July 31, while sales rose only 9 percent.The gold business has a long history of taking advantage of consumers. While today most jewelers wont outright lie, many hold back information to make it difficult to comparison-shop. When a U.S. News reporter visited 10 jewelers, department stores, and discount outlets last week, only two shops were willing to reveal the weight of a gold necklace. Still, it is possible to buy low.61. That the retail jewelry prices remain high in the United States can be accounted for by all of the following EXCEPT_.A Asian citizens and governments have been selling goldB jewelry prices do not fall as much as gold prices doC U.S. shoppers are not smart enoughD jewelry retailers get higher profits62. What does “they” (Par. 2, last sentence) refer to?A Retail jewelers B PriceC Jewels D Jewelry manufacturers63. What does “way off” (Par. 3, last sentence) mean?A Losing their way B Going out of their way C Not right D Going in the wrong direction64. What does “outright” (Par. 5, sentence 2) mean?A Rightfully B Wrongly C Directly D Openly 65. The last paragraph is likely to be followed by _.A how to educate U.S. shoppers of gold jewelryB techniques of buying gold jewelryC techniques of investing in gold jewelryD cases in which steep decline in gold prices lead to steep decline in jewelry pricesPassage TwoTeachers always plan down to the minute what their students will be doing. This is good for kids, because it teaches them to stay on task and follow a schedule. But most homes arent run this way. If parents do plan their childrens lives minute by minute, what happens when that child grows up and goes to college? At some point, kids need to learn to manage their own time. This can be one of the valuable skills you help your kids develop outside of school. But it generally wont happen all by itself, because theres a big transition that happens when kids leave the structured school environment and come home. If you have kid stay alone at home, think hard about trying to find an adult who can be there and provide the support your child needs. If a supportive adult isnt available, an expert named Martin recommends you find an after-school program led by experienced professionals who will engage them in creative activities, nourish them with healthy snacks, and assist them with their schoolwork. If you are at home on the contrary, to take some break after the guys get started on diversions, because its hard to stop and do something like homework. “If that little bit of downtime is television, good luck . getting them to do their homework.” says a professor of child development at California State University, “TV is addictive.” A better way to help your child unwind is with a healthy snack. “Wait until dinner, make a plate full of energizing food. You could even dish up part of the dinner youre preparing a little early for the kids,” she says. While youre sharing a snack, you can make a list of what your kids will get to do during their study breaks. The types of breaks recommended include shooting baskets, getting a drink, using the bathroom, or even playing a quick card game with parents. Your kids can be the ones to decide which breaks theyd like to take. But, as Freimuth says, your children will have to be honest about what kind of break will energize them and not upset their momentum. 66. The main purpose of this passage is _.A. to provide some advice for the parents about childrens educationB. to explain how to prepare a pretty snack for your childrenC. to explain why the parents spoil their childrenD. to describe childrens lives after school67. The words “this way” in the sentence “But most homes arent run this way” in the first paragraph most possibly means _.A. to stay on the taskB. to arrange everything in detailsC. to give some lessons to childrenD. to behave in the structured school68. According to the passage, the expert named Martin, appearing in the second paragraph, most probably takes up the following jobs EXCEPT _.A. a specialist in children educationB. a professional consultant in an after-school programC. the leader of a research group about sports, such as basketballD. mostly the same as what Freimuth (in the last paragraph) does69. According to the last two paragraphs, the appropriate snacks that the parents provide will _.A. upset the childrens momentumB. exhaust them by lots of dirty dishesC. make the children get addicted to TVD. bring more energy to children70. Which of the following is NOT recommended for the break during the childrens study after class?A. Shoot baskets.B. Play some games with parents.C. Go out to drink some beverage in a bar for a long time.D. Relax a bit by using the bathroom.Passage ThreeAn Asian engineer was assigned to a U.S laboratory and almost suffered a nervous breakdown. A Japanese manager was promoted by his British president, but within six months asked for a transfer.Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management.“Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they are finally looking at culture”, says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc, one of a small but growing number of consulting firms that specialize in teaching business people from differing cultures how to communicate and work with each other. “Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive on time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, dont think YES means YES”, advises U.S. consultant Lennie Copland, who has produced a series of films, and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social “dos” and “donts” is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.For example, the American manager who promised to be fair thought he was telling his Japanese staff that their hard work would be rewarded, but when some workers received higher salary increases than others, there were complains. “You told us to be fair, and you lied to us,” accused one salesman. “It took me a year and a half”, sighed the American, “to realize that FAIR, to my staff, meant being treated equally.” The Asian engineer who suffered in America was the victim of mistaken expectations. “He was accustomed to the warm group environment so typical in Japan,” said his U.S. manager. “But in our company, were all expected to be self-starters, who thrive on working alone. For him, it was emotional starvation. Hes made the adjustment now, but hed be humiliated if I told you his name, thats another cultural difference.”The Japanese manager who failed to respond to his promotion couldnt bring himself to use the more direct language needed to communicate with his London-based superiors. “I used to think all this talk about cultural communication was a lot of baloney,” said Eugene J. Flath, president of Intel Japan Ltd, a subsidiary of the American semiconductor maker. “Now, I can see its a real problem. Miscommunication has slowed our ability to coordinate action with our home office.”That is why Intel, with Clarke as consultant, has begun an intercultural training program this spring which Flath expects will dramatically reduce decision-making time now lost in making sure the Americans and the Japanese understand each other.71. The best title for the passage would be _.A. Building Bridges Over Cultural RiversB. Multi