现代大学英语四级写作资料

大学英语四级写作资料一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是：A.思想表达1.表达中心思想2.表达重要或特定信息3.表达观点、态度等B.篇章组织4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇C.语言运用6.运用恰当的词汇7.运用正确的语法8.运用合适的句子结构9.使用正确的标点符号10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等）D.写作格式11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到教学要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。”二、四级考试写作评分标准（1）本题满分为15分。（2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。（3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准 2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。 14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。（5）字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文） （6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。作文分123456789101112131415得分率714202734404754606774808794100三、四级考试作文最低分规定教育部高等教育司及全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会，于1996年11月作出了“大学英语作文将要从1997年6月开始实行英语作文最低分”的若干规定。具体记分方法如下：1. 根据目前考生的作文均值，将作文分的最低分定为6分。2. 作文分为0分，总分若高于60分，报分时一律作为59分不及格处理；若低于60分，报分时一律再减6分；3. 作文分大于0分，小于6分，则按下式计算成绩：例（1）原计算总分为63分，实得作文分为2分，最后报分：63-6+2=59分例（2）原计算总分为80分，实得作文分为4分，最后报分：63-6+4=78分例（3）原计算总分为55分，实得作文分为3分，最后报分：55-6+3=52分四、本期训练重点题型（期末考试题型）体裁：论说文模式：1、现象分析型现象分析型作文主要是以当前社会上存在的热门现象为话题，如98年1月的“My View on Fake Commodities”，03年1月的“It Pays to Be Honest”，05年6月的“Say No to Pirated Products”等等。由此可见，标题的核心大都是当今社会存在的某种问题，如“假冒伪劣产品”、“盗版”等。面对此种作文，在描述现象之后，则可能具体分析该现象产生的根源（原因）、影响（正面影响和/或负面影响）、解决方案或发展方向等。那么，具体从哪一方面入手，如何组织文章的内容，详略如何布局等问题，则需要根据具体的提纲而定。例如：2002年6月四级作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: hPW中国英语学习网1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间: 1990年（2 hours）、1995年(4 hours)、 2002年(14 hours)，请描述其变化；2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 参考范文 Student Use of ComputersStudents tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours; while in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours.Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.Along with the time spent on computers, there arise some problems. The most serious one is that many students are spending so much time playing PC games so that they ignore their studies. It is urgent to let the students use computers in a proper way. 2003年1月四级作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实参考范文 It Pays to Be Honest Honesty is a cherished Chinese traditional virtue. But nowadays there are many dishonest cases in society. Some businessmen cheat their customers for higher profits. Some employees cheat their bosses for higher positions. Some people cheat their friends for more money. Even some government officials cheat their people for more interests. These phenomena anger every person of integrity. Then, why do they come into being? This may be because these people believe that nobody will find out their dishonesty. However, eventually their customers will come to purchase their products no more, their bosses will dismiss them, their friends no longer help them in case of their crisis, and their people will remove them from office. They pay the price for their own behavior. Therefore, everyone should be honest, which benefits not only himself but also others.2004年1月六级作文1有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重2浪费的危害3杜绝浪费，从我做起Reduce Waste on CampusNowadays, there is an increasingly serious phenomenon on campus-waste. Rows of lights glare in studentless classrooms, residue of rice and dishes jam in the waste buckets, taps of water weep with nobody doing washing around. Such sights are so common yet so serious that it is high time that they were eliminated, because now we are living in a world short of fresh water and it is not exaggerating to say that every drop of water is precious. And although many of us dont have to worry about lack of food any more, there are still millions who are starving somewhere in the world. If we do not cherish things we have today, sooner or later we will be short of them, since many resources cannot be recycled. To reduce waste on campus, everyone should discipline himself: Turn off the light when you are the last to leave the classroom. Use metal or plastic chopsticks instead of disposable ones-and eat up! Keep a teacup in your school bag rather than throw each bottle away after it becomes empty!2005年6月六级作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 目前盗版的现象比较严重 2. 造成这种现象的原因及其危害 3. 我们应该怎么做Say No to Pirated Products At present, piracy is becoming unprecedentedly visible in China. Any products, like tapes, CDs and hi-tech devices, can be copied, not to mention books. Shortly after a newly-published book hits the shelves, people will unsurprisingly find its pirated counterparts in the stores. It has been widely believed that piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate producers, inventors and authors in many ways. To start with, pirated products often cost much less than the original ones, so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price in spite of their relatively poor quality. The original ones, on the contrary, sell badly. As far as pirated books are concerned, they do great harm to the authors reputation due to their misprints. In the long run, pirated products may also have a negative impact on customers since those legitimate producers enthusiasm may be greatly hurt by the fact that some customers are more inclined to purchase pirated products. In my opinion, its high time that the government called on everyone to start the battle against piracy. Besides, as customers, we should develop our consciousness to resist pirated products. And laws should be strictly carried out to ban piracy from spreading any further. Only in this way can we put an end to piracy and create a healthy environment for both customers and producers.2006年6月六级作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Traveling Abroad. You should write at least 150 words based on the chart and outline given below:Number of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 20051近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游2出现这种现象的原因3这种现象可能产生的影响Travelling Abroad The diagram shows the numbers of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 2005. As indicated in the table, in 1995, about 10,000 people in the city went sightseeing abroad. Five years later, in the year of 2000, the number increased greatly to 40,000. Another five years later, in 2005, the number dramatically tripled, reaching a surprising peak of more than 120,000. We can see clearly more and more people traveling abroad in the last ten years. One reason for this drastic increase can be attributed to the booming of Chinese economy in these years, which has significantly raised the income of the people. With more savings in their bank accounts, people no longer regard traveling abroad as a luxury which they could hardly afford before. This may also be due to the rapid development in the social culture in China, which have greatly broaded the horizons of the Chinese people and have made them more interested in the outside world. Indeed, few people now can resist the temptation of the sunlight in Thailand, the mysteries in Egypt and the beaches in Australia.This rapid development in traveling abroad is very rewarding. More Chinese tourists traveling abroad will surely promote Chinas economic and cultural exchange with other countries. And also, with increased contacts, there will be better mutual understanding between people of these countries. But the greatest benefit travel brings about is that it has greatly improved the quality of cultural life of the Chinese people.2008年1月六级作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Digital Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如2. 数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和辞海产生的影响The Digital Age分析：由上可见，此种模式的作文的第一段一般都是某一社会现象的描述。在描述时不妨使用主题句加例子的模式，且略写较佳。第二（三）段详写，一般都是分析现象背后的原因（causes）或者该现象产生的影响（effects）。有时，这一现象可能是一坏现象问题时，则可能要求分析解决这一问题的手段或方式（如2005年6月六级作文）。这时，现象分析型作文与下边的问题解决型作文则融合在一起（作文的例子参见历年真题范文）。2、问题解决型问题解决型作文的特点是：作文题目中一般就直截了当地给出了文章应该说明的主要内容问题解决的办法，如“How to Solve the Housing Problems in Big Cities”，“How I Finance My Education”，“How to Succeed in a Job Interview”等等。此类作文在谋篇布局时，一般按照一个提纲一个段落来布局；但是到底哪个（些）段落详写，哪个（些）段落略写，则视具体情况而定。以2000年1月四级作文为例，作文给了两个提纲，这时，不妨两个提纲都详写。提纲1可以采用“主题句+how1（方式一）+how2+how3”的方式，提纲2则可以采取“主题句（问题的解决方案）+why1（原因一）+why2+why3”的方式。而对于2001年1月四级作文，同样可以两段布局且都详写。其中，第一段采用“主题句（作用）+waht1（什么作用）+waht2+what3”的方式，第二段则可以采用如下图示的复合模式来写作，从而避免简单例举各种解决方案的单调（作文的例子参见历年真题范文）。 How1 why主题句 How2 why How3 why例如：2000年1月四级作文Directions: For this part ,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education.9 You should write at least 100 words ,and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪种途径适合我（说明理由）参考范文 How I Finance My College EducationCollege education plays a very important role in peoples life. With more and more people entering the university, how to finance the college education has been an issue in debate. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The easiest way is to get all the money from parents. If that is impossible, students can apply for a loan from the bank. Or, making money by doing a full-time job in summer and winter holidays is another solution. Maybe, the most possible way is to ask parents for the greater part of tuitions and fees with the rest paid by students themselves by doing a part-time job.From my point of view, I will choose the last way to pay my tuitions and fees. If my parents provide most of tuitions and fees for my college education, I can be absorbed in my study and dont worry too much about my life. Meanwhile, a part-time job in my spare time can supply me with some working experience, and make me know more about the society. Therefore, this way is the best one for me.2001年1月四级作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1 面试在求职过程中的作用2 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是参考范文 How to Succeed in a Job Interview?Nowadays, students must seek jobs by themselves. Job interview is the only way to have access to the doom of the employers. So succeeding in a job interview is very important.But how can one succeed in a job interview? Firstly, you should be very well prepared. Bring along as much information about yourself as possible: your diploma certification, your credit records, certification about your awards, your publications, and the most important of all, an excellently-designed resume, in both Chinese and English. Secondly, you must pay much attention to your appearance. In order to prove yourself a well-educated person, you must first of all be dressed properly. While talking with the interviewer, you should look at the one you are talking to with understanding eyes. While standing, you should stand firm, never making big gestures. While sitting, you should never sit cross-legged. Always remember to listen attentively to the person talking. A slight nod of your head is always timely to show your willingness to communicate. Thirdly, you must be confident about yourself. Never be nervous. Let your smiling face show friendliness first. While talking about your strong points, be honest, never beast or even tell a lie.Are you sure you are well prepared? You can go now, and you will succeed, without doubt.五、现象分析型作文的可套用句式开头：v 1 Nowadays, we often hear that (提出现象). 2 This phenomenon is not accidental, and there is social and individual background. 正文：v 3 A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect/both individual and social contribute to .4 For one thing, (原因1). 5 For another, (原因2). 6 For instance, (举例说明). 7 From that, 8 we . 结尾：v 9 As far as I am concerned, I agree that . 10 I think that (作者本人的观点). 11 .v 结尾或为：9 We should take measures to . 10 First, (措施1). Second, (措施2). 11 Finally, (措施3).六、问题解决型作文的可套用句式开头：v 1 Today, with , a serious social problem has arisen .(目前的现象及存在的问题). 2 Many ways can contribute to (要解决的问题), but the following ones may be effective.正文：v 3 How can we solve this problem? I think there are three approaches. First of all, (方法1). 4 At first thought, the problem seems far too involved (复杂的), but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with. Besides, (方法2). 5 Finally, (方法3).结尾：v 6 In conclusion/ To sum up, the ways I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. 7 (希望). （备注：1、2、3表示文章句子的序号）提示：在审题时，首先必须考虑本文写几个段落比较恰当，哪个（些）段落应该详写，哪个（些）段落应该略写（一般情况下，根据文章的标题和具体的提纲来确定文章的详略。）；其次，考虑每个段落具体应该写些什么内容（what, why 还是how; 有时可能是其中两个的综合，比如，凡是“我的看法”之类，我们必须先给出明确的答案我的看法是什么，然后简介理由我为什么这么认为； 因此，“我的看法”就是“what + why” 的融合）；再次，注意段落之间和段落内部的衔接（灵活运用各种连接词）；最后，注意做到语言顺畅，书写美观。审视作文优劣的标准为：1、 结构（段落布局正确否，详略得当否，段落之间和段落内部衔接自然否） 2、内容（内容是否简洁精当、紧扣提纲）3、语言（语句顺畅否） 4、书写（书写美观否）说明原因型模块(一)Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory - nothing is more valuable than XX. It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (3).Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (4).You dont have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7).注释:1:XX的第一个优点2:支持XX的做法3:不支持XX的做法4:XX的第二个优点5:举例证明优点二6:说明XX优点三的影响The Importance of Self-confidenceCurrently, self-confidence has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory - nothing is more valuable than self-confidence. It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in ones abilities). If you (are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You dont have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of Madame Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular). It will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of ones ambitions). With reference to my standpoint, I think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).说明原因型模块(二)In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on (1). The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8).The Impact of TelevisionIn recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels. It has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children). Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children. The factor for (parents worry is that children are indulged in television and spend too much time on it.). First of all, (with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should). Then, there comes a case that (some studies have shown that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school). Moreover, (the effect on childrens minds is more serious than the effect on childrens bodies). Especially when (the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them). Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that (they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their childrens TV viewing). In this way, ch