读写任务各种文体概括.ppt

,“读写任务”复习系列之 概括指导,近年广东高考“读写任务”分析,读写任务的特征和基本要求：,读写任务写作是具有一定开放性的写作命题。 选材内容：考生熟悉或比较熟悉的题材； 文体要求：议论文或记叙文。 读写任务写作必须涵盖三个方面： 1首段：用一两句话概述原文内容要点，约30个词； 2主体：依据材料陈述自我观点并加以例证来验证，约110个词； 3尾段：套语配名言来进行点题，要前后呼应，三位一体，约20个词。,How to write a summary,Writing,summary,Key points,How to write,What to write,Task 1: Study the writing skills,Skill 1 : Omit(省略) the details Skill 2 : Omit the repetitions(重复) Skill 3 : Omit the examples Skill 4 : Use general (概括性)words instead of specific(具体的) words Skill 5 : Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech Skill 6: Use synonyms (同义词) or shorter phrases.,(间接引语),1. Example: Then, you can think of a way to make both sides happy. Here are some tips: 1.Make time to talk. You could talk about your school life and your plans for the future. 2.Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3.Show your parents you are growing up. Wash your own clothes and help around the house.,Please follow the example to choose the proper skill from the ones., There are some tips for children to follow so that they can get on well with their parents.,Skill 1: Omit the details,2. Example: Sometimes, kids dont think their parents are fair to them. When you want to dress in a modern way, your mum doesnt like you wearing a mini-skirt. When you are making phone calls to friends, they ask whether youre speaking to a boy or a girl., It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem differently from our parents.,Skill 3: Omit the examples.,3. Example: Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, “You use too much salt on your food, Paul. Its not at all good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned, “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awfullike eating card board or sandjust imagine bread without salt in it!”, Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.,Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.,4. Example: She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.,She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation.,Skill 4: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific (具体的) words.,Task2: learn how to summarize the whole passage,段意合并法 要素串联法 主题概括法 Summarize each passage with the proper skill.,Styles of passages,A,写作内容 1)以大约30个词概括短文的要点； 2)以大约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次经历，并包含以下内容： a)叙述你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次真实或虚构的经历； b)谈谈这次经历对你或你的朋友的影响。,Years ago in Scotland Clark and his wife worked and saved, making plans for their family to travel to the United States. Finally they had saved enough money and gotten passports. The entire family were filled with excitement. However, seven before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy but hung a yellow sheet on the Clarks front door. Because of the possibility of rabies, they were separated for fourteen days. The familys dream was dashed. They would not be able to make the trip to America as they planned. The father, filled with disappointment and anger, wept bitter tears and cursed both his son and God for their misfortune. Five days later, the tragic news spread throughout Britain- Titanic, which was on her maiden voyage on April 14, 1912, had sunk, taking hundreds of lives with it. The Clark family should have been on that ship, but because the son had been bitten by a dog, they were left behind. When Mr. Clark heard the news, he hugged his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for turning what he had felt was a tragedy into a blessing.,Summary a of a story: 要素串连法,故事性的短文概括应围绕“什么人、发生了什么事、 结局如何，（有什么寓意）”来写，即阐述一个 故事梗概，忌力陈细节，忌掺入个人评价。,Skill: Combination of elements 要素串联法,one son was bitten,unluckily not boarded Titanic,were fortunately saved,a tragedy turned into a blessing,the Clark family,Find out key points in the story:,Summary: The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were fortunately saved. This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. （31 words),Skill: 要素串联法（常用于记叙文）,故事性阅读材料，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。,B,写作内容 1)以约30个词概括短文的要点； 2)然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点： a)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？为什么？ b)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？ c)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？,阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.,Find out the topic sentence and supporting points in the passage:,Work is helpful to health.,work keeps people busy, away from loneliness,b. work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement,注意：用自己的话表达,Skill:主题概括法 /段意合并法 (topic sentences or key words，if no topic sentences) (适合于议论文),Summary: Work has a positive effect on peoples health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body. （31 words),Skill : 主题概括法段意合并法 (适合于议论文),如果是议论文的阅读短文,则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。,c,写作内容 1)以约30个词概括短文的要点； 2)然后以约120个词就“生态旅游”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点： a)你认为生态旅游有什么好处？ b)你认为如何有效地推动生态旅游业的发展？,You may not be very familiar with” ecotourism”- a new term in todays tourism industry- but in an area of growing environmental consciousness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and work out the meaning of this new form of holiday. Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique flowers, plants, animals and the cultural heritage are the primary attractions. It is considered as a kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration. Therefore, programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of ecotourism. Ecotourism is developing at great speed. According to a report by the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. Over 80 activities have been listed for education, such as bird watching, hiking, diving, photography, mountaineering and participating in various kinds of local cultural events. Although big cities are still the major places that absorb tourists in our society today, it looks like some smaller towns and rural areas rich in ecological, cultural and historical resources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow.,阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。,Find out the topic and expositions in the passage:,ecotourism,It is a new form of holiday,b. Programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of ecotourism.,Skill : 主题概括法段意合并法 (适合于说明文),d. some smaller towns and rural areas rich in ecological, cultural and historic resources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow.,注意：用自己的话表达,C. Ecotourism is developing at a great speed.,Summary: Ecotourism is a new fast-developing traveling form of holiday which attracts tourists by natural and cultural heritage, as well as historic resources. It can be a way to protect the environment. (31 words),Skill : 主题概括法段意合并法 (适合于说明文),说明性短文,用概括的文字来说明某种现象。,The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were fortunately saved. This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing.,Work has a positive effect on peoples health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body.,Ecotourism is a new fast-developing form of holiday which attracts tourists by natural and cultural heritage, as well as historic resources. It can be a way to protect the environment.,A,B,C,Summary =“?+?”,Summary =“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。,Summary,1. Focus on main ideas and omit(省去) examples, details.(注重大意，省去详细的例子、细节) 2. When use the words and phrases in the original passage, do not include your own opinion, but be sure to use your own words. .(引用原文的词句,不能添加自己的见 解，但是要用自己的语言概括） 3. Write it in the third person . （第三人称） 4.Control the number of words about 30.,What we have leant today?,Checking suggestions,Check the person (人称). Check the agreement(主谓一致). Check the number(单复数). Check the tense(时态). Check the spelling(词汇拼写) and sentence paterns(句型) .,Check your “pants”(裤子) !,Thank You,The writing template of a narrative (叙述类文章写作模板)：,1. Title 2. Summary About the original passage ( About 30words) 3. A transitional sentence 4. A narrative (About the same topic) 5. An ending paragraph (Point out the main idea),评论某一事物利与弊的套用格式,提出要评论的事物或观点. 分别陈述利与弊(或不同的观点) 归纳得出作者的结论. a. 有定论的,作者可明确表态(赞成或反对) b. 争议较大的或尚无定论的, 可不明确表态, 提出扬长避短的方法,也可以平衡其利弊,提出某种期望和设想.,典型模板,Just as a coin has two sides, _ also has some side effects. However, _ has also a lot of problems. For one thing, _; For another, _. Finally, _.,_ has brought a number of benefits to us. is a beneficial activity, in which we can obtain many advantages. First of all, _. Also, _. Most importantly, _.,We are all aware that everything has its two sides. _ is no exception.,开头:,优点：,缺点：,结尾:,1）In spite of these disadvantages, I think _ does more good than harm to people. And the disadvantages, since they have been pointed out clearly, will be dealt with effectively.,2）Weighing the two sides, there is no denying the fact that _ has produced great effects on society.,3）To conclude, I would say that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.,4）To sum up, _ does more good than harm to _. We must take a correct attitude towards _. We should take full advantage of it and avoid its disadvantages.,表达个人观点的用语,I think/ I firmly believe that in my opinion, / in my view,. personally speaking, As far as I am concerned, In my point of view, . I agree with somebody/ something. I agree that I agree to do,常用句子,No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it Nothing can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldnt say a word. There is no denying (the fact) that the new management method has greatly increased the production.,作文常用句型,It is often said that. 我们经常这么说 It goes without saying that. 毫无疑问 It can be easily proved that. 很容易被证明。 One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is. 与以上一点同样重要的是,I am for the opinion that 我支持 The chief reason why .is that . 之所以的主要原因是 To take.for an example (instance) . 把作为一个例子 According to a latest study, it can be predicted that. 最近的研究预测 Another special consideration in this case is that . 关于这件事还有一点值得考虑，那就是,This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to. 这也许对，但关于我们仍然有一个问题。 Besides, we should not neglect that. 另外，我们不应该忽视 Therefore, these findings reveal the following information that. 因此，这些发现揭示了以下信息 On account of this we can find that . 据此我们可以发现 Wonderful as A is, it has its own disadvantages too. 尽管A很优秀，但它也有自身的缺陷。,Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned. 在所有可信赖的理由中，有一个值得一提 Currently there is a widespread concern that. 目前，对于普遍关注。 There is no immediate solution to the problem of ., but .might be helpful. 关于解决没有快速的办法，但可能会有作用。,All available evidence points to the fact that. 所有的证据证明 No one can deny the fact that. 没人能否定这个事实。 Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that. 考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以做出这样的结论,A Tragedy Turning into a Blessing,This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were luckily saved fortunately.,范文A：,Jerry, my friend, once had a similar experience as the Clark family. Last year her family were to make a trip to Beijing just on the afternoon before their trip, she was knocked down by a car when crossing a road and her leg was