人机工效学预防基本知识.ppt

1,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,The science of designing the job and the workplace to fit the worker Study of how people work at their jobs and interact with their environment,何谓人体工效学 (Ergonomics)?,人体工效学是一门研究人类与他们所处的工作环境之间的关系的一门学科。其最终目标是使之更加安全，舒适，如而提高生产力。,2,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常见的伤害,慢性（累积性的骨骼肌肉疾病） 腱鞘炎 “高尔夫肘” 颈椎病（生理曲度变直， 颈椎增生等） 腰椎病 （腰椎间盘突出） 腕管综合征 电脑视觉疲劳症 “网球肘” “鼠标手”,急性 拉伤 扭伤,3,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,症状,4,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,正确的设置（手提电脑用户）,使用垫高架， 外接键盘和鼠标。 提高手提电脑使其屏幕的最上方保持与眼睛的同一水平。 眼睛与电脑的距离约为一手臂 （18-26 英寸） 调整椅子高度，使键盘和鼠标与肘部保持同一距离。手臂与地面平行， 腕部是笔直的。,5,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,显示屏的设置: 高度:显示屏的最上方保持与眼睛的同一水平 距离：眼睛与电脑的距离约为一手臂 常见问题（颈部）: 屏幕太高，太低，或太远 屏幕与键盘不在一直线上 接电话时用颈部夹着电话 所呈现的危险因素: 笨拙的姿势 - 颈部伸长，低头， 弯曲 静态荷载 - 长时间保持同一姿势。,6,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,屏幕太高，太低 距离太远 屏幕与键盘不在一条线上 接电话时用颈部夹着电话,问题 改进措施,使用垫高架 拉近你自己靠近工作台， 调整距离。 把屏幕对准键盘， 使之在同一直线上,使用耳机接听电话,7,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,键盘使用 使用外接键盘 使用键盘时肩膀放松 上臂与地面平行，上臂与前臂保持90 度，双臂贴近身体 手腕和手保持一直线 常见问题 （肩部） 耸肩：由于扶手过高，或键盘和鼠标过高,8,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常见问题（手腕，手， 手指） 使用手提电脑上的键盘 腕部屈曲 手腕搁在桌边 或是手提电脑的边缘上 动作迅速， 很少休息 所呈现的危险因素: 接触压力 -手腕搁在桌边 或是手提电脑的边缘上 笨拙的姿势 -手腕不是自然的中立姿势.,9,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,耸肩： 使用手提电脑上的键盘 腕部笨拙的姿势 手腕搁在坚硬的表面边缘 迅速的移动， 很少休息,问题 改进措施,调整椅子高度，使上臂与前臂保持90 度,使用外接的键盘,手腕保持直的，保持中立姿势,使用外接键盘，并配有键盘垫,有空时休息,10,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,不正确的姿势：手腕支在键盘托的边缘,正确的姿势：手腕平放，打字时能随意移动。,11,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,鼠标的使用,使用外接鼠标. 确保鼠标和键盘在同一高度。 鼠标的移动应由整个手臂带动， 而非腕部。 找到合适你手大小的鼠标 正确地握住鼠标，用最小的力气点击。 所呈现的危险因素： 接触压力 重复 用力过大 笨拙的姿势,12,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,使用鼠标时，手指要保持在一个放松， 自然的位置。. 你的手必须与你的手腕和前臂成一直线 当你用鼠标时，确保你的肘部贴近你的身体两侧，你的肩部处于放松的状态。 考虑学会左手和右手都会使用鼠标,P,使用鼠标时，不要将手向一侧扭曲 不要手指紧绷或紧握鼠标 使用鼠标时，不要用手腕支撑及手部向上弯曲,X,X,X,X,X,13,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,使用轨迹球时，将你的手保持在一个放松的位置。 你的手和手腕及前臂成一直线 当你使用轨迹球时，确保你的肘部贴近你的身体两侧， 你的肩部处于放松的状态。,使用轨迹球时，不要将你的手腕向一侧扭曲 不要手指紧绷或紧握轨迹球。 使用轨迹球时，不要将手腕向上弯曲,X,X,X,X,X,14,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,椅子和坐姿 椅子高度：确保屏幕的最上方保持与眼睛的同一水平 坐满椅子.背部靠在椅背上 双脚平放于地面 坐直身体， 避免“C” 字形姿势 (从侧面看） 留有少许空间( 约一个拳头）在膝盖与椅子的边缘 之间 肩部放松, 肘部靠近身体两侧, 双手放松，移动自如,15,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,错误姿势,身体背部没有靠在椅背上,身体前倾并用肘支撑头部,16,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,错误姿势： 头部前倾,正确的头部姿势： 头部与肩膀垂直,17,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常见问题 （腰背） 背部前倾，没有靠在椅背上 常见问题 （腿部） 腿部背面压着座椅，或双膝高于大腿，双脚挤在座椅轮脚下 腿部前方没有足够空间 常见问题（双臂） 手臂向前伸展，肘部不在90度位置,18,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,控制电脑的闪烁。 光线差时，开灯。 阳光强烈时，拉上窗帘。调低显示屏的亮度。 保持显示屏的 清洁。 必要时使用防闪烁显示屏。 经常检查视力。 经常让眼睛休息一下。 用20-20 原则：每看电脑20 分钟，向远方眺望20 秒。 闭上眼睛，深呼吸30 秒。,视力保护,19,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,推荐,文件夹 当你需要大量的文件输入的打字工作时，使用文件假。可把文件夹放置在靠近显示屏 （约同一高度和距离） 电话 把电话放的离你近些的地方。 如果你需要一边听电话一边做其他事情时可使用耳机。,20,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert B