高考英语短文改错的.ppt

,高考英语短文改错的 命题与解题,NMET短文改错的命题特点 1. 短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑: i. 考察英语的屈折附加成分(以表现英语学科的显著特点)。 ii. 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。 iii. 估计考生可能出现的错误。 2. 用于改错的短文题材为中学生所熟悉, 不会象阅读理解那样, 发生因题材陌生而丢分。,NMET短文改错的命题内容 I. 英语的屈折附加成分 1. 现在时第三人称单数 2. 时态 3. 被动语态 4. 动名词 5. 分词 6. 不定式 7. 名词复数 8. 代词 9. 比较形容词 10. 词性的变化 (从一类词派生另一类词),II. 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误 1. 英语介词和活跃的动词搭配, 构成表达法, 是NMET短文改错的重要内容 2. 汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语 3. 英语中的一致现象 (一致包括动词与其主语的一致, 称谓的一致,主从句中时态的一致等) 4. 英语中的平行结构现象 (在表达平行概念时, 要使用相同的语法结构, 平行结构常借助于并列连词and, or, not only.but also等。),III. 估计考生可能出现的错误 1. 冗言 例1: (I am a member of) our school football team. We practise for three times (every week and often watch football matches on TV together.) 例2: Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 2. and but; and or; x not; gocome转换对于整个句意的逻辑关系造成根本变化 例: She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered (her words and calmed down.) and,3. 英语句与句、词与词的连接必须使用并列或从属连词 4. 定语从句的考查 5. 忽视最常见近似形词语的差异 6. 误把形容词当动词,了解NMET短文改错的命题内容,命题之一: 英语的屈折附加成分 英语学科显著的特点是指拼音文字所特有的表现形式, 包括英语的屈折附加 成分, 如: 动词的屈折变化, 名词复数的屈折变化, 代词的屈折变化, 比较形容词的 屈折变化等, 而汉语则无这种变化。,1. 现在时第三人称单数的屈折变化, The new boy or girl in school quickly become one (of the class after a few games.) becomes Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. costs (Playing football not only makes us grow up) tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and (team spirit.) gives,2. 时态的屈折变化,84/NMET2003 (She liked it) very much and reads it to class. All said the story was (a good one.) read We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop working. stopped Bill is standing at the side of the car, (talking to two men who were helping him to repair it.) was Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the tallest building. hurried Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases(疾病). have, If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it (to be called back for you,.) (I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away) and it is really great to see most of my old (friends again.) was We have a good time talking and laughing (together.) had My favourite sport is football. I was a member of (our school football team.) am,2. 时态的屈折变化,3. 被动语态的屈折变化, After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. frightened Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. seen (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and if you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you, and let you know when the book you) want has returned and is ready for you to pick up. been Books may be keep for four weeks. kept,4. 动名词的屈折变化 81/NMET2003 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was (learning to.) talking (Charles and Linda Mason do all these things) as well as climbed buildings. climbing; climb (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and if you pay) the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will (write to you, .) sending, I want to thank you again for have me in your (home for the summer holidays. having I look forward to hear from you soon. hearing together. Play football not only makes us grow up (tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.) Playing,5. 不定式, I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. stand The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. to (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and if you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will) write to you, and let you to know when the book you (want has been returned and is ready for you to pick up.) , (I had always) wanted return to the village after moving away (and it was really great to see most of my old friends again.) to Id like to your penfriend, and get to (know more about your country.) be/become,6. 名词复数的屈折变化, Different people speak different language, . languages We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. water We have been to Europe many time. times There are branch library in many villages. libraries (I hope that you two could come and visit us) some times soon. time,There are branch library in many villages. libraries (I hope that you two could come and visit us) some times soon. time We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, (English and physics.) subjects (We practise for three times) every week and often watch football match on TV (together.) matches 85/NMET2003 (All said the story was) a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. word words,7. 代词的屈折变化 82/NMET2003 (as I was) learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote (a little story.) me myself The game speaks for themselves. them/itself When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. his (And I cant forget) the good food you cooked for I. me,8. 比较形容词的屈折变化 Police cars hurried to the taller building (in New York.) tallest (As a result, people in the modern world) generally live much more longer than people in the past. (People in industrial countries can expect to live for) twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. as In some places you may borrow many books as you want, . as,9. 词性的变化 (从一类词派生另一类词是英语学科的又一显著特点。 不同的句法功能要求使用与之相适应的词性) A players native language is not importance. important Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderful,命题之二: 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误,1. 英语介词远比汉语介词活跃这一特性(介词常和活跃的动词搭配, 构成表达法, 是NMET短文改错的重要内容) People in different parts in the world learn to understand one another through sports. of People in different parts of the world learn to understand one with another through sports. , Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. of When I have free time I go a long walk. for When they came down the police were angry to them. with Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital if they are ill. , (Newly-published novels are always in great demand, ) and some books, for example, books for history, (science, cooking and gardening are also popular.) on (I was a member of) our school football team. We practise for three times (every week and often watch football match on TV together.) (We must keep in mind that we play) for the team instead ourselves. Also, the sport (teaches us the importance of obedience服从). of,2. 汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语这一特性, 考生在使用英语冠词方面常常缺乏良好的意识和习惯 79/NMET2003 My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her (advice and .) my a One does not need to understand the language of other. the Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. Good health is persons most valuable possession. a, Modern people know more about the health, have better food, (and live in cleaner surroundings.) There is public library in every town in Britain. a Maybe you could come during a winter (holidays.) the (Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit) to a American family. an (Each) player must obey captain, who is the leader of (the team.) the The day before the speech contest(比赛) English teacher (talked to me.) my,3. 忽视英语中的一致现象 (一致包括动词与其主语的一致, 称谓的一致, 主从句中时态的一致等) (Different people speak different languages, but sports have a language of its own. their The game speaks for themselves. itself (The new boy or girl in school quickly becomes) one of the class after few games. a, The new boy or girl in school quickly become (one of the class after a few games.) becomes .talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. were (Today, it is much easier to be healthy than) it is in the past. was The Smiths did his best to make me feel (at home.) their the team. And they must not break the rules too (often if we want to win the game. ) we (I did a good job and won the first) prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. are,4. 忽视英语中的平行结构现象 (在表达平行概念时, 要使用相同的语法结构, 即动词与动词相配, 其时态及其形式应一致; 形容词与形容词相配, 要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用, 即原级形容词与原级形容词相配, 比较级形容词与比较级形容词相配, 最高级形容词与最高级形容词相配; 分词语与分词相配, 不定式与不定式相配, 短语与短语相配; 平行结构常借助于并列连词and, or等。) 80/NMET2003 (I followed her) advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 去掉should 84/NMET2003 (She liked it) very much and reads it to class. All said the story was (a good one.) reads read, (He said it was best to stay until help arrived) rather than go into the forest and getting lost. get (Modern people know more about the health, have) better food, and to live in cleaner surroundings. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. costs (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it) to be called back for you, and whether you pay (the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write .) if, (It was very kind of them to meet me) at the railway station and drove me to their home. drive (Playing football not only makes us grow up) tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and (team spirit.) gives (I was often) a little tired after a days work and watch TV (demands very little effort). watching (I remembered) her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first (prize.) calmed,命题之三: 估计考生可能出现的错误,1. 冗言 77/NMET2003 (I ran into many) difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought (in Chinese and. ) was in that was that (As a result, people in the modern world) generally live much more longer than people in the past. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital if they are ill. , I never knew about a ride down (a river could be so exciting.) /that (I never knew a ride down) a river could be so much exciting. (I also enjoyed the) evenings when we spent together. I hope that both you two could come and visit us , Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit (to an American family.) (In fact) they are planning to visit China in next year. First, let me tell you something more about myself. (I was a member of) our school football team. We practise for three times (every week and often watch football matches on TV together.) (11) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. ,2. and but; and or; x not; gocome 对于整个句意的逻辑关系所造成根本变化 78/NMET2003 (I always thought) in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. anything everything A football player from Japan can not play with (a player from England.) (The new person on the job feels better after) he and she has played tennis with other (people in the office. ) or, We tried to fix it and there was nothing (we could do.) but Therefore, there are still some countries where (people have shorter lives.) However Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. come 以写信人所在地为中心, 使用“come“, 以避免句子产生歧义。 She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered (her words and calmed down.) and,3. 英语句与句、词与词的连接必须使用并列或从属连词这一特性, I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends (here what a great time I had.) and (I told Mother, Father, Sister, and all my friends) here that a great time I had.) what,4. NMET短文改错重视对定语从句的考查, People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. who/that However, David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. In the last five years that they have climbed churches, (high building and television towers.) , (However, there are still some countries) there people have shorter lives. where (In some places you may borrow as many books as you want, in other places you are limited to a certain) number, of that some may be novels. which My name is Li Hua. I live in Beijing, where is the (capital of China.) which,5. 忽视最常见近似形词语的差异 He lied down by the side of the path to rest. lay 6. 误把形容词当动词 They eager to know everything about (China and asked me lots of questions.) were,NMET短文改错的解题,What should you do when your parents become angry? 1. 点评: 多年来NMET短文改错一般考虑在文章 首行的后半部命题, 但NMET2001, 2002（京） 2003命题在文章的首行连续出现正确句答案, , 应引起关注。 需要指出的是首行第1个动词的时态一般不会有误, 其形式表明该段文章 时态的基准点。 建议在此句中留意动词become的时态。,If your parents got mad, try to have a conversation with them (about it). get 点评：NMET短文改错重视对动词时态的屈折变化的考查, 如NMET2001: （ and will do all they can to make sure） that I get a good education. They did not want me （to do any work at home） do 重要提示: 动词时态由现在时错误地“跳“到过去时或反之, 是该题型最重要的命题考虑之一。,(If your parents get mad, try to have a conversation with them ) about it. Remembering not to shout at them. They usually Remember (will try to change, .) 点评: Remembering若不是用作现在分词短语作状语, 就应考虑将其ing去掉, 而改为祈使句用法。句或句式的准确性是解题应该留意的内容。其中关注标点符号, 包括逗号、句号出现的场合和时机是十分必要的。,(They usually) will try to change, but they will take some time because it (they get angry all their life, and that is all they know.) 点评: 该题涉及对代词的指代对象准确性的考查, 是该题型重要的命题考虑之一, 如NMET98: (Each player must obey the captain, who is the leader of) the team. And they must not break the rules too (often if we want to win the game.) we,(., but it will take some time because) they get angry all their life, and that is all they know. You lives (might have to change for your method a couple of times.) 点评: life用作不可数名词, 意为人生, 生活, 生存; life用作可数名词, 意为一生, 终生。 例: They have very busy lives. 他们终生忙碌。 该题涉及到对名词单复数判断的考查, 此考点是该题型最常见的命题现象。 如NMET2001: they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects,(You) might have to change for your method a couple of times. 点评: change为及物动词, 其后应接用其宾语。,Do any nice things for your parents that they dont expect some (-like cooking, doing the dishes, .) 点评: i. any若作定语, 用于肯定句时, 应后接单数名词, 如: Any nice book will do. ii. 若说话者肯定意味强时, 用some; 不用any。 Why dont you bring some magazines with you? Youd better read some magazines on the train. iii. 考题中若出现诸如something, any, everything 等字眼时, 应予留意。,(. that they dont expect) -like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean (the floors.) cleaning 点评: 该题涉及到平行结构现象。在表达平行概念时, 要使用相同的语法结构。 就本题而言, 通过并列连词or, 平行使用3个动名词。 NMET短文改错命制重视对英语中的平行结构现象考查, 如NMET2000:,(I remembered) her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first (prize.) calmed,If this doesnt work, bring in friend that you (feel comfortable, .) a 点评: i. 考生可能会认为将friend改为friends也可, 但问题出在后面所给的 . and have him or her help you上面。通过him or her使得 friend一词只有一种改法。 ii. NMET短文改错重视对冠词的考查。由于汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语, 这一特性使考生在使用英语冠词方面缺乏良好的意识和习惯。此点应予留意。,(You) feel comfortable , and have him or her help you. with 点评: i. 因其前有that you feel comfortable 容易使考生产生(so) that you (may) feel comfortable 的理解。此题命题十分精彩。 ii. 关系代词that引出的定语从句应是不完整的句子; 在you feel comfortable之后加用介词with形成正确的定语从句。,B,Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 1. ,sisters. ,【点评】多年来NMET短文改错一般考虑在文章首行的后半部命题, 如NMET2000、NMET99、,NMET98等都是这样, 而NMET2001短文改错命题在文章的首行第一次出现,正确句答案, 这可能考虑到首行的后半部内容“have neither brothers nor“,所具备的命题单元“have had(时态命题)“;“brothers brother(名词复数,命题); neither.nor neither.or(并列连词命题)与文章的第79题,“did do(时态)“; 第81题“subject subjects(名词复数)“; 第84题,“and or(并列连词)“命题角度或内容重叠有关。 NMET2001短文改错在,文章的首行第一次出现正确句答案这一现象, 可能并不具备典型性。,I have neither brothers nor ,sisters - in any other words, I am an only child. My parents2. ,love me dearly of course. ,【解】in other words意思为换句话说,【点评】 该题涉及到冗言式的错误类型。对NMET英语科说明中405条短语的准确记忆是,解此类题的关键。,My parents ,love me dearly of course and will do all they can / make sure 3. to ,that I get a good education. ,【点评】NMET短文改错重视对动词不定式的考查, 如:,例1 The World Health Organization and other organizations,are working improve health all over the world. to,例2 If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be,called back for you,