RO反渗透系统技术培训.ppt

反渗透（RO） 培训 2013年3月,北京碧化科技有限公司,简介：膜/反渗透 及其应用 An INTRODUCTION TO MEMEBRANE / REVERSE OSMOSIS & ITS BEST PRACTICE,（交叉流/膜）过滤方法 Cross Flow Filtration Methods,膜构造 Membrane Configurations,螺旋口 Spiral Wound 中空纤维 Hollow Fiber 管状 Tubular,膜系统 Membrane System,反渗透 Reverse Osmosis,术语表 Glossary of Terms,Concentrate or reject 浓缩 或 损失/ 未渗 透 Permeate or product 渗透 或 产物 Percent recovery 回收率 Percent salt rejection 盐损率 / 抗盐率,反渗透基理,两步骤 RO系统 Two-Stage RO System,元件 ELEMENTS,RO 设备 Typical RO Machine,膜对比 Membrane Comparisons,离子通过 Typical Passage of Ions,* TFC element rated for a 95% NaCl rejection,RO的优势 What Are the Advantages of RO ?,去除非离子杂质和溶解的固体（如：有机物，无水硅酸，细菌）Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids (i.e. organics, silica, bacteria) 减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associated with ion exchange 减少了离子交换系统的装载 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems: 延长运行周期 Extends run lengths 延长树脂寿命 Extends resin life 降低操作成本 Reduces operating costs,RO的劣势 What Are the Disadvantages of RO?,25%的进水未被渗透 25% of feed stream is rejected 渗透的5%TDS 对HP锅炉不足 5% TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers 最终过滤器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled : - 提高操作成本 Increasing operating costs - 降低树脂寿命 Reducing membrane life,操作成本细分 Typical Operating Cost Breakdown,反渗透膜的问题 RO Membrane Problems,Fouling 污垢 微生物，残渣/泥沙，脏物，有机物，金属氧化物 Microbio, silt, crud, organics, metal oxides Scaling 水锈 天然盐 Mineral salts 无水硅酸 Silica 水解和降解 Hydrolysis or Degradation pH, Temperature, oxidants, biodegradation,离子污垢 Iron Fouling,微生物污垢 Microbiological Fouling,无水硅酸污垢 Silica Fouling,矿物水锈 Mineral Scale,膜退化/降解 Membrane Degradation,膜问题造成的结果 Results of Membrane Problems,水质降低 Reduced water quality 运行周期缩短 Shorter run lengths 提早更换膜 Premature membrane replacement 运行成本提高 Higher operating costs,厂商要求 Typical Manufacturers Requirements,NS - Not Specified,膜的水解因素 Hydrolysis Factors of RO Membranes,CA MEMBRANES 微生物生长率 Microbio growth present pH levels 5.0 - 6.5 温度 Temperatures 35 oC Exposed to direct sunlight,TFC MEMBRANES 进水中的氧化剂 Oxidants in feedwater (i.e. Cl2, Ozone) 进水中的游离氯 0.01 ppm Free chlorine in feedwater 温度 Temperatures 45 oC Exposed to direct sunlight,各种污垢物质的沉积 Deposit Tendency of Various Foulants,* 假定没有使用防水锈剂、防污垢剂和消毒杀菌剂Assumes no antiscalant, antifoulant or sanitizer is used,性能改善指导方法 Performance Enhancement Guidelines,RO系统控制 RO System Monitoring,预处理控制 Pretreatment monitoring 残渣密度（SDI），混浊，pH，氧化剂 Silt Density (SDI), Turbidity, pH, oxidants 温度、压力、TDS Temperature, pressure, TDS 污垢物质（细菌、金属、硬度、无水硅酸） Foulants (bacteria, metals, hardness, silica) 运行控制 Performance monitoring 抗盐率/盐损率 Percent salt rejection 正常化渗透流速 Normalized permeate flowrate 压差 Differential pressure 进水流速 Feedwater flowrate,日常操作和运行参数 Daily Operation & Performance Parameters,日期 Date 操作员名字 Operators initials 进水SDI Feedwater silt density index (SDI) 进水混浊 Feedwater turbidity 进水温度 Feedwater temperature 进水温度校正因素 Feedwater temperature correction factor 进水的pH值 Feedwater pH 氧化剂浓度（如: Cl, 消毒杀菌剂） Oxidant concentration (i.e. Cl, sanitizer) 进水传导性或TDS Feedwater conductivity or TDS 渗透水传导性或TDS Permeate conductivity or TDS 未渗透水传导性或TDS Reject conductivity or TDS,抗盐率(计算的) Percent salt rejection (calculated) 进水(膜)压力 Feed (membrane) pressure 渗透水压力 Permeate pressure 未渗透水压力 Reject pressure 净压差(计算的) Net differential pressure (calculated) 净推动压 Net driving pressure 进水流速 Feedwater flowrate 渗透水流速 Permeate flowrate 未渗透水流速 Reject flowrate 正常化渗透流速（计算的） Normalized permeate flowrate (calculated) 回收率(计算的) Percent recovery (calculated),关键参数位置 Location of Key Parameters,控制工具的位置 Location of Key Monitoring Tools,CLEANERS,进消毒杀菌剂 SANITIZER FEED,进氯 CHLORINE FEED,进聚合体 OLYMER FEED,进酸性亚硫酸盐 BISULFITE FEED,ACID FEED,进防水锈剂 /防垢剂 /ANTISCALANT/ ANTIFOULANT FEED,* SECONDARY,PRIMARY,* SECONDARY,* 当进水中离子水平0.5ppm时推荐第二进水点 Secondary feed points are recommended when iron levels 0.5 ppm in feed,PRIMARY,第一、第二进水点的位置 Location of Primary and Secondary Feed Points,原始数据 比 正常化后的数据 Raw Data vs. Normalized Data,趋向数据 Trending Data,解决RO系统故障 Troubleshooting an RO System,检查预处理控制系统 Check pretreatment monitoring system 检查仪表，校正 Check instrument calibration for accuracy 隔离RO问题部分 Isolate the location of problem RO elements 寻找性能失误的可能原因 Investigate possible causes of performance loss 控制运行，保证问题解决 Monitor performance to assure problem is fixed,探视RO容器 Probing an RO Vessel,可采用的服务或工具 Services & Tools Available,污染位置和影响 Fouling Location & Impact,使用运行变量 Using the Performance Variables,清洁RO系统的时间：Time to clean the RO system when: 降低10-15%的正常化后渗透水的流速（运行的前200个小时后）10-15% decrease in normalized permeate flowrate (after first 200 hours of operation), or 降低1-2%的抗盐率 1-2% decrease in percent salt rejection, or 提高10-15%的压差 10-15% increase in differential pressure,正确的清洁维护 Proper Cleaning Maintenance,Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) Skid,最佳膜清洁作法 Membrane Cleaning Best Practice,一步一步 Stage by Stage 正确的化学品使用方案 Right Chemical Program 充足的流速 Sufficient Flow Rate 清洁时间 Cleaning Duration 重开始运行时的问题 Problems when back to the service.,维护RO的益处 Benefits of Maintaining an RO,降低运行成本 Reduced operating costs 降低维护费用 Reduced maintenance costs 缩短停工期 Reduced downtime 延长膜寿命 Extended membrane life 提高水质和产量 Improved water quality and output,设计RO系统 Designing a RO System,我需要多少渗透水产量 How much permeate production do I need 我需要怎样的水质 What water quality do I need 是否对浓水有任何需要 Is there any use for the concentrate 监测控制装 Monitoring and control packages 我需要多少train How many trains do I need 进水温度,变化,热回收如何 What is the feedwater temperature, variation, heat recovery 进水质量如何 What is the feedwater quality,预处理 Pretreatment 过滤 Filtration 重力/压力 Gravity/pressure 多媒/绿砂 Multimedia/Greensand 滤筒类型和尺寸 Cartridge type and size 微生物 Microbio pH值控制 pH control 化学品使用 Chemical applications 分析器/自动操作Analyzers/automation ORP/氯监控 ORP/chlorine monitors,膜处理方案 Membrane Treatment Program,传统工业用水的管理 Conventional Industrial Water Management,进水处理 Feed Water Treatment,锅炉 Boiler,澄清器Clarifier,冷却塔 Cooling Towers,Process,Discharge,废水处理工厂 Wastewater Treatment Plant,膜性能 Membrane Performance 21st 世纪工业用水系统 Industrial Water Systems,Custom