昆明理工大学综合重修3.4阅读

1.For Roy Johnson, a senior magazine editor, the latest indignity（侮辱） came after a recent dinner at a fancy restaurant in the wealthy New York City suburb where he and his family live. First the parking valet handed him the keys to his Jaguar instead of fetching the car. Then an elderly white couple came out and handed him the keys to their black Mercedes-Benz. “It took them a while to realize that I was not a valet,” says Johnson. “It didnt matter that I was dressed for dinner and had paid a handsome price for the meal, just as he had. What mattered was that I didnt fit his idea of someone who could be equal to him.”Such incidents, which are depressingly familiar to African-Americans of all ages, incomes and social classes, help explain why black and white attitudes often differ so completely. A recent survey found that 68 percent of blacks believe racism（种族歧视） is still a major problem in America. Only 38 percent of whites agreed.Many Americans find the gulf between blacks and whites confusing. After all, official separation is a bad memory and 40 years of laws, policies and court decisions have helped African-Americans make significant progress toward equal opportunity. Indeed, a black man born in Harlem could be the nations next president.It is obvious that in the everyday encounters(不愉快的遭遇) African-Americans have with racial prejudice（偏见） and discrimination like the valet parking incident, such encounters often strike whites as unimportant misunderstandings. But they remind blacks that they are often dismissed as less intelligent, less hardworking, less honest and less likely to succeed.“What is amazing to me is the number of whites who express surprise that any of this happens,” observes Mary Frances Berry, chairperson of the U.S.罗伊约翰逊,一位杂志编辑,最新的侮辱(侮辱)在最近的一次晚餐在富人的一个高档餐厅纽约郊区他和他的家人住的地方。首先,代客停车把钥匙递给了他,他决定,而不是取车。然后一位年长的白人夫妇出来,递给他黑色的梅赛德斯-奔驰(mercedes - benz)的关键。“他们花了一段时间才意识到我不是管家,”约翰逊说。“没关系,我穿着晚餐和支付了一个英俊的价格为这顿饭,就像他一样。真正重要的是,我不适合他的想法的人可能是平等的。”这样的事件,令人沮丧的是熟悉的非洲裔美国人的年龄、收入和社会阶层,有助于解释为什么黑人和白人的态度经常完全不同。最近的一项调查发现,68%的黑人认为种族主义(种族歧视)在美国仍然是一个主要问题。只有38%的白人同意了。许多美国人认为黑人和白人之间的鸿沟是让人困惑的。毕竟,官方的分离是一个糟糕的记忆和40年的法律、政策和法院判决帮助非洲裔美国人平等机会取得重大进展。事实上,一个黑人出生在哈莱姆可能是这个国家的下一任总统。很明显,在日常接触(不愉快的遭遇)非裔美国人与种族偏见(偏见)和歧视与代客泊车事件一样,等遇到白人经常罢工不重要的误解。但他们提醒黑人往往被视为智力低下,不勤奋,不真诚,也不太可能成功。“什么对我来说是神奇的是白人的数量表达惊讶的是,这一切发生的时候,“观察玛丽弗朗西斯浆果,主席的美国2.Add Littleton,Colorado,to the list of cities dazed with grief after a school slaughter.Two students shot and killed 12 other students and a teacher before taking their own lives.The massacre was the largest in the history of this nation.This type of crime didnt exist 10 years ago.Americans should stop acting surprised that these shooting happen in nicer neighborhoods.Thats the only place they happen.None of the recent school massacres took place at an inner-city campus; they all occurred in smaller towns or suburbs.These killers havent been from impoverished or extremely violent families.They dont appear to have been picked on(挨骂受罚) any worse than kids have been for generations.They chose alienation and destruction,and they found the tools to carry out their hate-filled plan.Do not blame schools for these massacres.Schools simply take what they are sent.Question the killers parents.The parents are supposed to teach their children respect and empathy for others lives.Parents should help their offspring learn to handle taunt or conflict without resorting to violence.All concerned adults should take a youths threat to shoot someone as seriously as airport security guards take jokes about bombs.Students must be encouraged to tell teachers if a classmate threatens or jokes about violence.Administrators at schools around the country need to emphasize they will take such reports seriously,and that they will not identify any student who comes forward with such a report.More gun regulations probably wont stop these shootings,but gun owners and sellers must take more responsibility for keeping weapons away from young people.Gun owners should keep their guns unloaded,locked up and hidden away.Most car owners dont leave their keys in the car even when they park in their own garage; gun owners should be at least as careful with weapons.The federal government cant solve this problem.Schools alone cant solve it.More guns wont solve it.添加利特尔顿,科罗拉多州,后由于城市列表的悲痛,学校屠杀。两个学生开枪打死了12个其他学生和老师之前自己的生活。大屠杀是历史上最大的国家。这种类型的犯罪十年前并不存在。美国人应该停止表演感到惊讶,这些枪击事件发生在“更好的”社区。这是唯一的地方。没有最近的学校屠杀发生在一个市中心的校园,他们都发生在较小的城镇或郊区。这些杀手还没有从贫困或极端暴力的家庭。似乎他们不被选上(挨骂受罚)比任何孩子已经好几代了。他们选择了异化和毁灭,他们发现工具来执行他们的充满仇恨的计划。不要责怪学校为这些屠杀。学校只是把他们发送。凶手的父母的问题。父母应该教导孩子尊重和同情他人的生活。父母应该帮助他们的孩子学会处理嘲讽或冲突而不诉诸暴力。所有有关成年人应该认真对待青年拍某人的威胁,随着机场保安开玩笑炸弹。必须鼓励学生告诉老师同学威胁或者暴力开玩笑。管理员在全国各地的学校需要强调他们会认真对待这类报道,他们不会识别任何学生来推进这样一个报告。更多的枪支管理法规可能不会停止这些枪击事件,但枪支拥有者和卖方必须承担更多的责任,让年轻人远离武器。枪支拥有者应该保持他们的枪卸下,锁定和隐藏。大多数车主不离开自己的钥匙在车里在自己的车库;即使他们公园枪支拥有者应该至少小心武器。联邦政府不能解决这个问题。学校不能独自解决这个问题。更多的枪支不会解决这个问题。3.In the early 1600s, a group known as the Separatists lived in England. They were people who wanted to worship God, study the Bible and pray, but the English laws did not allow them to worship as they desired. They were hunted down, beaten, and locked up. Eventually, they heard about freedom of religion in Holland and managed to escape. Now called Pilgrims, they lived there for 12 years, but left because they couldnt stand the hard life, and couldnt work their own trades. They hired the Speedwell and the Mayflower to carry them across the Atlantic to a new land in America. The Speedwell had many leaks and had to turn back. The Mayflower took in their passengers, making a total of over 100. They sailed two months and three days. On November 11, 1620, the Mayflower spotted land. Right away they started building homes, knowing winter was near. Unfortunately, a violent storm hit when the houses were not yet finished. The Pilgrims were forced to stay on the cramped Mayflower for their first winter in the new world. When this winter was over, over half of them had died. The Pilgrims eventually made a good friend who helped them. His name was Squanto. He showed them where fish swam, how to hunt deer, and how to plant corn. Squanto was a Native American who was kidnapped earlier in his life and taken to England. This is why he was able to communicate with the Pilgrims. With the help of the Native Americans, there was plenty for everyone to eat that first summer, and also plenty to last for the next winter. The Pilgrims had so much to be thankful for. They gave thanks for good friends, new homes, freedom of religion, and plenty of food in a three-day celebration with their Native American friends. Today we continue the celebration of the Pilgrims and the Native Americans, and call it Thanks-giving. 在1600年初,一组被称为“分裂分子住在英格兰。他们想敬拜上帝的人,学习圣经和祷告,但英国法律不允许他们崇拜他们。他们追捕、殴打和关押。最终,他们听说荷兰的宗教自由和设法逃脱。现在被称为朝圣者,他们在这里居住了12年,但离开,因为他们无法忍受艰苦的生活,和不工作自己的交易。他们聘请了婆婆纳属和五月花号跨大西洋在美国一个新的土地。婆婆纳属的植物有很多泄漏和不得不回头。五月花在他们的乘客,共有超过100人。他们两个月,三天。1620年11月11日,五月花号发现了陆地。他们开始建造房子,知道冬天是近了。不幸的是,暴风在房屋尚未完成。清教徒被迫呆在狭小的五月花号在新大陆的第一个冬天。今年冬天结束后,超过半数的人已经死了。清教徒最终做了一个好朋友帮助他们的人。他的名字叫Squanto。他给他们鱼游,如何猎鹿,以及如何种植玉米。Squanto早些时候被绑架是土生土长的美国人在他的生活和英格兰。这就是为什么他可以与朝圣者。印第安人的帮助下,每个人都有很多吃的第一个夏天,也足够持续下一个冬天。清教徒有太多值得感激的事情。他们给感谢好朋友,新房,宗教自由,和充足的食物与他们的印第安朋友为期三天的庆祝活动。今天我们继续庆祝朝圣者和印第安人,并称之为感恩节。4.Recently, one of my best friends Jennie, with whom I have shared just about everything since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago, we have both always looked forward to the few times a year when we can see each other. Over the weekend, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking about the people she was hanging around with. She started telling me stories about her new boy friend, about how he experimented with drugs and was into other self-destructive behavior. I was blown away! She told me how she had been lying to her parents about where she was going and even stealing out to see this guy because they didnt want her around him. No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she deserved better, she didnt believe me. Her self-respect seemed to have disapperared. I tried to convince her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting nowhere. I just couldt believe that she really thought it was acceptable to hang with a bunch of losers, especially her boy friend. By the time she left, I was really worried about her and exhausted by the experience. It had been so frustrating that I had come close to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to continue our friendship, but I didnt. I put the power of friendship to the ultimate test. Wed been friends for far too long. I had to hope that she valued me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could conquer anything.A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our conversation, and then she told me that she had broken up with her boy friend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly rewarding moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.最近,我周末和一个很要好的朋友在一起,我们俩从上幼儿园第一天开始,就是无话不谈的好朋友.几年前,我搬到了另一个镇上,所以我们俩都非常期待着一年当中为时不多的见面的日子.周末的晚上,我们俩到深夜还迟迟不睡,我们一直在说她身边交往的人,她跟我说了她新男朋友的事,讲他是怎样去尝试大麻,还有其他那些自毁行为.我很是震惊!他父母不许她和他在一起,她跟我说,她是怎么骗她父母,甚至偷跑出来,去见这个家伙.不管我怎么努力劝她说你该过的更好,她都不听.她的自尊似乎也消失了.我试着让她相信,她这是在自毁前程,并且会有大麻烦等着她.我觉得我的劝告毫无进展.我真是不敢相信,她居然和愿意和一群失败者捆在一块儿,尤其是她那个男朋友.她走之前的这段时间,我真的很担心她,也对她的经历感到疲惫.周末的时候,我有好几次靠近她,想灰心地告诉她,也去我们成长的日子里,不在一起的时间太长,不能再维持我们的友谊了.但我没说.友谊的力量让我通过了最后的考验,我们已经是几十年的朋友了,我只是希望她能好好珍惜我,知道我是在帮她让她不要再伤害自己了.我愿意相信我们的友谊可以战胜一切.几天后,她打电话给我,说她认真想了很久我们之前的谈话,然后告诉我,她和男朋友分手了.我只是静静地在电话的那头听着.开心地流下了眼泪.这是我人生中一次真正觉得值得的时刻.我从没有为一个朋友感到感到如此自豪.5.The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may decide whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your purpose during the interview may differ from that of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interviewers task is not to embarrass you, but to hire the right person for the job.Remember, job hunting is very competitive. Anything you can do to improve your interview techniques will be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job.Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer wont know them unless you point them out , so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.Dont say anything bad about your former employers. If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be honest.Show the interviewer that you are interested in the company by asking questions. Ask about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and benefits of the job you are interviewing for.If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain. It may be real, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse conditions.Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and have completed the paperwork.面试在求职过程中,是一个重要的事件,因为20或30分钟你花与面试官可能会决定是否你得到你想要的特别的工作。因此,重要的是要记住,你的目的在面试中可能不同于潜在的雇主。你想让自己脱颖而出作为一个整体的人应该考虑个人的优势和这份工作的合适人选。知道面试官的任务是鼓励并不是让你难堪,但雇佣适合这份工作的人。记住,找工作是很有竞争力的。你能做什么来提高你的面试技巧会对你有利。以下的建议可以帮助你找到最重要的工作。你这次采访的目标是确保你的优点。面试官不会认识他们,除非你点出来,所以尽量真实的和真诚的方式做到这一点。不要说坏话你的前雇主。如果你被开除工作,面试官问,要诚实。展示你感兴趣的公司的面试官问问题。询问责任、工作条件、晋升机会和福利工作的面试。如果你在某种程度上决定面试并不顺利,不要让你气馁。你不会有任何损失,持续的信心,你会有很大收获。它可能是真实的,或者它可能是一个测试,看看你的反应不利条件。一些面试官可能提出的工资早在采访中。这个时候,你可能表明你更感兴趣的工作,你可以证明自己不是一个具体的薪水。这礼貌地将回到面试官的问题。如果可能的话,你应该给工资协商后你已经提供了一个工作,已经完成了文书工作。6.Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brotherwas a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend.Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the Car of the Future. They featured unconventional styling and things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesnt do anything that my brothers Studebaker didnt do. It goes, it stops, itburns gasoline, it plays music. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I dont steer it carefully. But guess what? All of these things are subject to change in the not-so-distant future. It will still go and stop, but it may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot betterat not running into things. Airbags arent the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about peopleoccasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions (碰撞),they obviously still needsome development. But they arent going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearingwith additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer. Better than systems to minimize (使减少到最低限度) injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place. Future cars may be able to eliminate many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, tailgating (与前车距离过近) and sleepiness. Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detectalcohol in a drivers system and prevent the car from being started, for example. Many accidents are caused by people following the car in front too closely. As early as next year, youll be able tobuy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines youre closing too quickly with th