研究生英语下册u.ppt

Unit Three,Battling the Cyber Warmongers,1. A recent simulation of a devastating cyberattack on America was crying for a Bruce Willis lead(Para 1),Simulation: here means -The representation of operations of a data processing system by those of another data processing system. 模拟 computer simulation 计算机仿真 electronic simulation 电子模拟 simulation error 模拟误差 field simulation 现场仿真 e.g. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.,Cry for =cry out for :in great need;demand sth.;require sth.,If you say that something cries out for a particular thing or action, you mean that it needs that thing or action very much.哭着要, 恳求, 迫切要求 e.g. This system is crying out for reform. 这种制度亟需改革 All these things cry out for careful planning . 所有这些事情都迫切需要作出细致的计划。,2. A series of mysterious attack crippled much of the national infrastructure, including air traffic, financial markets and even basic email. (Para 1),Cripple: damage or weaken sth seriously 严重损坏或削弱 e.g. A total cut-off of supplies would cripple the countrys economy. 全面切断物品供应会使该国经济陷入瘫痪。 He had been warned that another bad fall could cripple him for life. 医生警告他，如果再次严重摔伤他可能会终身残疾。,3. an unrelated electricity outage took down whatever remained of the already unplugged East Coast. (Para 1),Outage: An outage is a period of time when the electricity supply to a building or area is interrupted, for example because of damage to the cables. 电力中断，停电 e.g. A windstorm in Washington is causing power outages throughout the region. 风暴造成整个华盛顿地区电力供应中断。 Take down: remove each piece of the structure 拆掉，拆除 Here means destroy sth completely 彻底摧毁,4. A Washington-based think tank, and broadcast on CNN on a Saturday nighthad an unexpected twist.,Think tank: organization or group of experts providing advice and ideas on national or commercial problems. 智囊团，专家小组 Twist: change or unexpected development 转折，转变，发展 e.g. the twists and turns of economic policy 经济政策的一波三折 a strange twist of fate 命运的奇异改变,5. The American government appeared incompetent, indecisive and confused(Para 2),incompetent: not having or showing the necessary skills to do sth successfully不胜任的; 不称职的: e.g. He was criticized for his incompetent handling of the problem 他因处理该问题无能而受到批评. indecisive: unable to make decisions; hesitating; uncertain 无能力做决定的；迟疑不决的；不肯定的；优柔寡断的 e.g. Hes too indecisive to make a good leader. 他优柔寡断，当不了好领导。,6. The past few months have been packed with cyber-jingoism from former and current national security officials.(Para 3),be packed with: fill, cram or crowd sth (with sth/sb) （事物）塞满 充满某处; （人）挤满某处 e.g. The stadium was packed with chanting fans. 热情的观众挤满了体育场, 不停地喊叫着有节奏的口号. This book is packed with useful information. Jingoism: extreme and unreasonable belief that ones own country is best, together with a warlike attitude towards other countries 极端爱国主义（主张对外实行战争政策）,7. The murky nature of recent attacks on Googlein which someone tricked a Google employee into opening a malicious link(Para 4),murky: If you describe something as murky, you mean that the details of it are not clear or that it is difficult to understand 含糊不清的，捉摸不透的，难以理解的 e.g. The law here is a little bit murky. 此处的法律条文有点含糊不清。 trick sb into sth/doing sth :cause sb to do sth by means of a trick 用计诱使某人做某事 e.g. The old man was tricked into buying a secondhand radio.老人受骗买了一台二手的收音机。,8. Compound rate(Para 6) 复利率,Interest paid on both the original capital and the interest added to it 复利率是每年都结算一次利息（以单利率方式结算），然后把本金和利息和起来作为下一年的本金，下一年结算利息时就用这个数字作为本金。复利率比单利率得到的利息要多。 9. Given (Para 7) prep. taking sth into account 考虑到 e.g. Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her,9. Land(Para 7),(infml 口) here means succeed in obtaining (sth), esp against strong competition 获得某物（尤指经激烈竞争） land a good job, a big contract, the prize 获得一份好工作 大项目的合同 奖. 10. Good Harbor Consulting(Para 7): a security firm provides strategic advice and counsel for a broad range of clients - including Fortune 500 companies, industry associations, system. 11. take/treat/approach sth lightly(Para 8): to do sth without serious thought,12. Cyber-Katrina(Para 8),a cyber attack event ever happened in which fragmented bureaucracies and companies fail to share critical information and coordinate responses to cyber intruders attempting to disrupt power grids, financial markets, or any number of now-plausible scenarios involving a Web shutdown. 13. take/hold sb hostage(Para 8) seize/keep sb as a hostage 抓住或扣押某人作为人质 e.g. The gunman is holding two kids hostage in the building.,14. point to sth.(Para 9)(fig 比喻) suggest the likelihood of sth; indicate sth 暗示某物的可能性;指示某物 e.g. I cant point to any one particular reason for it. All evidence points to his guilt. 15. resemblance(Para 9): likeness or similarity 相似; 相像 e.g. There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys. Your story bears/has/shows little or no resemblance to the facts.,16. alarmist adj.(Para 9) Someone or something that is alarmist causes unnecessary fear or anxiety that something unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen.轻事重报的；危言耸听的；杞人忧天的 e.g. Contrary to the more alarmist reports, he is not going to die. 那些更加危言耸听的报道说他生命垂危，但事实并非如此。 17. arguably adv.(Para 9) as can be shown by argument可论证地;可以说;按理说 e.g. He is arguably the best actor of his generation. 他可以说是当代最好的演员。 John sings very well though Peter is arguably the better actor. 约翰唱得很好，不过按理说彼得演得更好。,18. Hype (Para 9) n. misleading and exaggerated publicity 天花乱坠的宣传报道 e.g. My products arent based on advertising hype, they sell by word of mouth. 我的产品销售靠的不是天花乱坠的广告宣传，而是良好的口碑。 v. hype sth up : publicize sth in a wildly exaggerated way 言过其实地宣传某事物 e.g. The movie has been hyped up far beyond its work. 19. arms race(Para 9):An arms race is a situation in which two countries or groups of countries are continually trying to get more and better weapons than each other.,Bomber gap,The “bomber gap“ was the unfounded belief in the Cold War-era United States that the Soviet Union had gained an advantage in deploying jet-powered strategic bombers. Widely accepted for several years, the gap was used as a political talking point in order to justify greatly increased defense spending. 指冷战时期，美国故意渲染苏联部署了一种喷气动力战略轰炸机而对美国形成“非对称优势”而争取军费发展美国空军战略轰炸力量的借口。,20. Brim(Para 12) v. with be completely full充满 e.g. His eyes brimmed with tears England are brimming with confidence after two straight wins in the tournament. 英格兰队在锦标赛中连赢两场后信心大增。 21. Wipe out(Para 12): remove; erase ;destroy sth completely 除去，擦掉，彻底摧毁 e.g. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete flies, or to format the hard disk. 常见的攻击方式是消除数据、删除文件或者格式化硬盘。 The government is trying to wipe out drug trafficking. 政府竭力清除毒品买卖活动。 No matter when the invader comes, they will be wiped out clean.不管侵略者什麽时候来，都必被消灭。,爱德华默罗(Edward R.Murrow)（1908年4月25日1965年4月27日），美国广播新闻界的一代宗师，新闻广播史上的著名人物，CBS的著名播音员。 凯文米特尼克（Kevin David Mitnick，1963年美国洛杉矶出生），有评论称他为世界上“头号电脑骇客”。15岁的米特闯入了“北美空中防护指挥系统”的计算机主机同时另外一些朋友翻遍了美国指向前苏联及其盟国的所有核弹头的数据资料，然后又悄然无息的溜了出来。这成为了黑客历史上一次经典之作。,Armchair: adj. without having or providing practical experience of sth 对某事物没有实际经验的 e.g. armchair critic 空谈的批评家 armchair detective 不作深入调查的侦探 armchair strategy 不切实际的战略 Armchair traveler: sb who reads or hears about travel but does not travel himself 神游旅游者,22. -bound,(forming compound) 1.heading for a specified direction or a place 向某处，某方向的 We are London-bound. Northbound traffic may be delayed because of an accident on the motorway. 2. confined to a specified place 限制在某个场所的 I dont like being desk-bound all day. His illness has left him completely house-bound. 3. obstructed or hindered by the specified conditions 因某种情况而受阻的 snowbound/fogbound airports Strikebound travellers face long delays this weekend.,23. usher sth in: (fig 比喻) mark the start of sth; herald sth 开创、开始；引进；预报；预示 e.g. The new government ushered in a period of prosperity. 新政府的成立带来了一个繁荣的时期。 This would usher in a new revolution in physics . 政府在房价干预政策方面的调整预示着稳定房价时期的来临。 The adjustment of the governments interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices.,24. Play second fiddle(to sb/sth): be treated as less important than another person, activity, etc 居次位；当副手 e.g. I have no intention of playing second fiddle to the new director, so Ive resigned. His family has had to play second fiddle to his political career.他因从政而把家庭置於次要地位。 25. shellfire:an explosion caused by shells being fired from large guns n.炮火 e.g.Their houses were damaged by the enemys shellfire. The enemys shellfire is very fierce. 敌人的炮火非常凶猛。,26. infest :of pests, vermin, insects, etc) live in (a place) persistently and in large numbers （指有害的鸟兽昆虫等）大批孳生出没, 遍布, 侵扰（某处）: a warehouse infested by rats 有大批老鼠出没的仓库 A garden infested with weeds 杂草丛生的花园 Propaganda-infested:大量宣传的，大肆宣传的 27. on the table :offered for consideration or discussion 提交考虑或讨论: Management have put several new proposals on the table. 主管人员已将几项新建议提交讨论.,28. Obsolete: : Something that is no longer used or out of date不再使用的; 过时的 e.g. The army plans to phase out the equipment as it becomes obsolete. 军队计划淘汰这些设备，因为它们已经报废了。 29. Decentralize: 1)权力下放; 将（权力 权限等）自中央政府转到地方政府: e.g. If we decentralize, the provinces will have more autonomy. 我们把权力下放, 各省就有更多的自主权. 2)distribute (industry, workers, population, etc) over a wider area away from the centre 将（工业 工人 人口等）自集中点分散到较大的区域内. decentralized enterprise分散经营的企业,30. Along with sth: in addition to sth 除某事物之外 e.g. Tobacco is taxed in most countries along with alcohol. Children are given two uniforms and two pairs of shoes each year, along with school supplies.,31. glean: gather (grain left in a field by harvest workers) 拾（收割者落在地里的谷物）. sth (from sb/sth) (fig 比喻) obtain (news, facts, information, etc) usu from various sources, in small quantities and with effort 搜集（消息 资料 情报等）（通常指来源广 零碎而费力）: E.g. glean a few bits of information from overhearing various conversations 从旁边听到的谈话中搜集点滴信息 32. intelligence :here means information, esp. of military value 情报, 信息（尤指有军事价值的）: an intelligence-gathering satellite 搜集情报的卫星,33. inadvertent adj (of actions) done without thinking or not deliberately （指行动）漫不经心的, 非故意的, 无意的: an inadvertent slip, omission, etc 不经意的失误 遗漏等. Inadvertently adv. by accident; unintentionally 偶然地; 非故意地; 无意地: e.g. She inadvertently telephoned the wrong person. 她无意中打错了电话. 34. surgical precision: 手术般的精确 e.g. The simple words had cut to the heart of the issue with surgical precision . 简单的几句话就能精准地切入问题的核心。,35. graffiti n sin. graffito drawings or writing on a public wall, usu. humorous, obscene or political (在公共墙壁上涂写的)图画或文字(通常含幽默 猥亵或政治内容）. 36. Recast: If you recast something, you change it by organizing it in a different way. v.改动, 重铸, 重作 e.g. She recast her lecture as a radio talk. 她把讲义改动后用作电台的讲话. 37. Initiative: an important act or statement that is intended to solve a problem.为解决困难而采取的行动: e.g. It is hoped that the governments initiative will bring the strike to an end. 希望政府采取的行动可以结束罢工. Government initiatives to help young people have been inadequate.政府在积极帮助年轻人方面做得还不够。,38. But