《初二英语语法》PPT课件.ppt

Grammar,(Module 1-Module 3) 2012-03-03,英语的五种基本句型 宾语从句 to + v. 与v. + -ing 作宾语,语法点,英语的五种基本句型,1主语+谓语动词（不及物动词） I study hard. 我努力学习。 2主语+谓语动词（及物动词）+宾语 Jim is writing a letter now. 吉姆在写信。,及物动词和不及物动词,A 有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独 用，后面必须跟宾语。 They always want after lunch. They always want a cup of tea after lunch. He is sending now. He is sending a letter now.,B 有些动词只是不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。 He is looking around. He is looking me. He is looking at me. He is listening carefully. He is listening the teacher carefully. He is listening to the teacher carefully.,C 有些动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词; 但是有时候词义会改变。 If you work hard, you will succeed. If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam (same meaning). If you work hard, you will succeed John as the manager of this company (different meaning).,3主语+系动词+表语 Jim is a good student. 吉姆是一个好学生。 注意：常见的系动词有be, look, seem, keep, get, become, turn等。,4主语+谓语动词（及物动词）+宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） My mother bought me a shirt. 我的妈妈给我买了一件衬衫。,5主语+谓语动词（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 The old man made everyone laugh. 那位老人把大家都给逗笑了。,Exercises,请分析下列划线部分在句子不同成分 1. Everyone needs home and friends. 主 谓 宾 2. She is my best friend. 主 谓 定 定 表 3. Please pass me your book. 谓 间宾 直宾,4. I began school when I was 7. 主 谓 宾 状 5. We found a boy sitting in the tree. 主 谓 宾 宾补,宾语从句,定义：在复合句中作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句 一宾语从句的种类 二宾语从句的语序 三宾语从句的时态,1. 由that引导的宾语从句。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.,种类,2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?,3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。 I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?,语序,1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。 I dont think (that) you are right. 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He asked if you had written to Peter.,3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.,Exercises,1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which,4. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which 6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 答案：CDBBCD,to + v. 与v. + -ing 作宾语,1. 后接不定式作宾语的单词多为“打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这类动词都表示未来。常见只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词有：want，hope，wish，plan，decide，agree，need等。 He decided to do the homework by himself. 他决定自己做作业。,2. 动词后接动名词时，大都表示动作正在进行或者一般性或经常性的行为。 I enjoy playing tennis with my friends.,3. 还有些动词，后面既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动词的-ing形式。但意义没有很大的区别，或者有些只是有细微的区别。这类动词常见的有：like, hate, begin, start, love等。 I like to watch TV this night. 我今晚想看电视。 I like watching TV every day. 我每天都喜欢看电视。,4. 有些动词后也可以跟两种形式作宾语，但意思差别很大。常见的有remember, forget, stop,go on, try, need等 Remember to turn off the light. 要记着关灯。（灯还没有关） I remembered turning off the light. 我记得关了灯了。（灯应该已经关过了）,5. 感官动词后跟to do 时，指看到听到或者注意到某事发生了，跟v-ing时指看到听到或者注意到某事正在发生，此时to do 和doing在句中作感官动词的宾语补足语。 hear someone singing a song now. 我听见有人正在隔壁唱歌。 （听见这个动作正在进行）,总结,1）只能doing 作宾语的动词 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 keep doing sth 坚持 / 不停做某事 跟doing做宾语的词组 be busy doing sth忙于做某事， feel like doing sth 想要做某事， cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 be worth doing sth 值得做某事,2）即可跟to do 也可跟doing 的词 意义差别不大的有 love /like to do / doing 喜欢做某事 hate to do / doing 讨厌做某事 start/begin to do / doing 开始做某事 ,意义区别较大的有 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事了 forget to do 和 forget doing 与remember 用法相同 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事， try doing sth. 试着做某事 need to do sth. (某人)需要做某事 need doing sth. (某事)需要被做,3）绝大部分的动词后都是只跟to do 的，常见的有 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish/ hope to do sth 希望做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事 agree to do sth 同意做某事,Exercises,1. I am sorry I forgot _ the book to you. A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brought 2. The artist said that he hoped _ drawing the picture soon. A. his son to finish B. to finish C. finishing D. his son will finish 3. Listen! Can you hear a baby _? A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cries,4. Would you mind _ me how _ English words? A. tell, to remember B. telling,