专题-保护煤柱绘制软件的开发与应用

专题部分保护煤柱绘制软件的开发与应用摘要 本软件基于Visual Basic 6.0并联合Excel、Auto CAD开发的绘制斜井井筒、立井井筒、急倾斜煤层群立井井筒、建筑物及工业广场保护煤柱的图形自动化绘制软件，并给予精确的定位，在矿井设计和改造中避免了烦琐而复杂的工作，具有一定的实用性。关键词：保护煤柱 CAD二次开发 VB Excel 自动绘图1.概述Mcrosoft公司的Visual Basic6.0是当今最畅销的编程语言之一，简单易学，功能强大，人机对话方便，程序运行调试方便，得到了广泛的应用。Autodesk公司的AutoCAD是当今世界上最畅销的绘图软件之一，已成为广大工程技术人员最好的设计助手。它具有强大的绘图功能，同时，具有开放性，用户可以根据自己的实际需要及专业性质，对CAD进行二次开发，从而更加完善地为本专业服务，这也是CAD受欢迎的重要原因之一。目前，计算机在采矿领域的应用应用已越来越广，其中一个重要的应用方向就是计算机辅助制图（CAD）。在煤炭行业，CAD的应用已相当普遍，但制图自动化程度较低，工作量大，生产、设计单位也缺少这方面的软件，由此给我们一个思路，通过编程实现绘图的自动化。CAD内部的VBA开发工具，使以上两套功能强大的软件可以无间隙地结合在一起，让用户可以自主开发出专业方向软件。为此采用AutoCAD的ActiveX技术及Visual Basic 6.0、Mcrosoft Excel编制软件。2.原理2.1 地下开采破坏了岩体内部原有的力学平衡状态，使上覆岩层不同程度地变形和破坏。当开采面积达到一定范围之后，起始采场附近的岩层移动和变形将扩展到地表，此时的地表移动和变形将影响到位于开采影响范围内的房屋建筑、工程、河流、湖泊、铁路及管线，会改变它们原有的状态，甚至破坏。同样，在移动岩体内的井巷也可能受到开采影响而遭受破坏。当地下开采将影响到上覆岩层及地表，并且其产生的变形有可能危及岩体内的井巷或者地表的建筑物和构筑物正常使用时，最常用和最可靠的方法就是在需要保护的井筒、建筑物或构筑物下方留一部分实体煤不采或暂时不采，所留煤柱的面积应使周围煤炭开采时对保护对象不产生有危险性的移动和变形。为保护地貌、地面工业场地、地面建筑物、铁路、堤坝等而留下来的实体煤称为建筑物或构筑物的保护煤柱。2.2 垂直剖面法设计保护煤柱原理垂直剖面法是作图的方法，作沿煤层走向和倾向的剖面，在剖面图上由移动角确定煤住宽度，并投影到平面图上，得到保护煤柱边界。 作图前所需的资料为： 松散层和基岩移动角； 煤层底板等高线图； 并田地质剖面团； 井上下对照图。 以图1为例，说明用垂直剖面法设计保护煤柱的步骤，图中的煤层底板等高线标高是为了说明作图方法所加的。图1 垂直剖面法设计保护煤柱(1)在煤层底板等高线图上，过要保护的建筑物或建筑物群最外角点，作平行于煤层走向和倾向的四条直线，交a、b、c和 d，形成矩形。 (2)按建筑物保护等级在矩形a、b、c和d四周加相应宽度的围护带,形成地表保护范围a、b、c、d，地表要保护范围的边界为mn和qk。 (3)过a、d或b、c中点，作沿煤层倾向的剖面II。 (4)将煤层底板等高线、上覆岩层和要保护的建筑物边界投影到平行于煤层走向的垂面内，形成所谓的投影面。 (5) I一I和面上，过m、n和q、k四点，按松散层移动角划线与基岩相交于、和、；在II剖面上，过和两点，按下山移动角和上山移动角画线与煤层交于和。 在剖面上，过和点按走向移动角划线，与煤层相交于与线同标高的和，与同标高的和。 (6)将和及、和投影到煤层底板等线图上，得A、B、C、D四点，连接A、B、C和D，即得平面图上的保护煤柱边界。 在平面图上用垂直剖面法设计的保护煤柱形状是对称的梯形，梯形的长边和短边平行于煤层走向，因扩大了地表保护范围，在开采影响下地表建筑物安全性较高。为了提高精度，在沿煤层倾向的剖面上，垂直剖面法所留的保护煤柱尺寸还可以由计算方法得到，计算结果如（1）式。 （式1）反斜井井筒及工业广场保护煤柱绘制急倾斜煤层群立井井筒保护煤柱绘制立井井筒保护煤柱绘制2.3 立井井筒保护煤柱的设计 某矿立井井筒的地质条件及冲积层和基岩移动角值见表1。保护煤柱边界的圈定如下(图2)：图2 立井井筒保护煤柱的圈定表1 某矿立井井筒地质条件及冲积层和基岩移动角值井筒垂深H（m）煤层厚度M（m）煤层倾角（）（）（）（）（）冲积层厚度h(m)3002204570607020(1)通过立井井筒中心沿煤层倾向和走向分别作剖面II和，按I级保护建筑物在井筒周围留20m宽的围护带，在剖面图上得m,n及k，l各点。 (2)根据冲积层和基岩的移动角值，绘出保护煤柱的边界线，在剖面II上得，点。在剖面上得，点。 (3)将、各点投影到平面图上，得、点。过、点分别作走向平行线，井截取线段和分别等于和gh，得梯形。连接对角线O, O，O自O。 (4)以井简中心O为原点，分别以O、O、O、O为半径画圆弧，井交于对角线上；在对角线上取两圆弧与之相交的中点，得P，Q，R，S。(5)用圆滑曲线连接、P、Q、R、S各点，即为立井井简保护煤柱的边界。2.4 急倾斜煤层群立井井筒保护煤柱设计某矿开采急倾斜煤层群，煤层倾角68，各煤层厚度及间距如图4。立井井筒位于煤系地层底板，其参数为45，75，55。保护煤柱边界圈定方法如下(图3)： 图3 急倾斜煤层群立井保护煤柱的圈定 (1)过工业场地角点作平行煤层走向和倾向的直线得四边形1234。在四边形外围留20m宽围护带，得受护面积边界1234。 (2)在过井筒中心的倾向剖面即A一B剖面上，过M点以45作直线，交基岩面上m点；由m点以55作直线，分别交和煤层于S和t点，则此两点分别为两个煤层的开采下限。mst直线及矿井设计深度以内所有煤层均为倾向剖面上的保护煤拄。(3)在过井筒中心的走向剖面即CD别面上，由P、Q两点以45作直线，交于基岩面p、q点；由p、q两点以78作直线，两直线与设计深度所圈定的煤层，为走向剖面上的保护煤柱。(4)在平面图上65为煤层保护煤柱边界；87为煤层保护煤柱边界pq910为煤层保护煤柱边界，等等。2.5 反斜井井筒及工业场地保护煤柱设计某矿反斜井地质条件及冲积层和基岩移动角值如表2。保护煤柱边界圈定方法如下(图4)：表2 某矿反斜井井筒地质条件和基岩移动角值斜井斜长L（m）斜井倾角（）煤层倾角（）煤层厚度M（m）冲积层厚度（m）()()()()41523112.21545757570图4 反斜井井筒及工业场地保护煤柱的圈定(1)在工业场地边界外侧留15m宽的围护带；在斜井两侧留20m宽的围护带，得受护面积边界。 （2)过斜井轴线作倾向剖面A一B。由工业场地受护边界、点以45作直线与基岩面相交，由交点分别以75和70作直线，与煤层底板相交分别得、点。 煤层与井筒在e点相交。由并底车场巷道顶板到煤层底板的垂高不应小于高度。30一30一25(m)。从而确定得煤层底板上的q点。 式中 30、25均为回归的常数；为煤层倾角；为斜井落底处井底的曲线半径。 井口在煤层上的垂直投影点为斜井井筒保护煤柱下边界(当只留斜井保护煤柱时，仍由井口受护面积边界点按移动角圈定)。 为倾向剖面上工业场地保护煤柱边界。 为倾向剖面上斜井和井底车场保护煤柱边界。 (3)在走向剖面CD上，由、点以45作直线与基岩面相交，由交点以75作直线，与倾向剖面上、点的投影线分别相交于点、，和、。和为走向剖面上工业广场保护煤柱边界。 斜井井筒受护面积边界和倾向剖面上g、e点的投影线相交于点、和、。和，为走向剖面井底车场保护煤柱边界。 由井口受护面积边界以45作直线，与基岩面相交，由交点以75作直线，与倾向剖面上点的投影线分别相交于点、。连接和，与分别相交于点和。 (4)将、点投影到平面团上，则即为反斜井及工业场地保护煤柱边界。2.6 Visual Basic 与Auto CAD的连接Visual Basic语言对AutoCAD的二次开发，就要使Visaul Basic的程序能调用CAD的命令并能在CAD的环境下由程序控制进行自动绘图。首先在Visaul Basic模块中申明一组对象。Public ACADApp As Object 定义AutoCAD对象Public AcadDoc As ObjectPublic AcadMds As ObjectPublic AcadUtil As ObjectPublic Sub QiDongCad() 连接CADOn Error Resume Next Set ACADApp = GetObject(, AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) If Err Then Err.Clear Set ACADApp = CreateObject(AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) End If Set AcadDoc = ACADApp.ActiveDocument Set AcadMds = AcadDoc.ModelSpace Set AcadUtil = AcadDoc.Utility Set AcadPaperSpace = AcadDoc.PaperSpace ACADApp.Visible = True2.7 Visual Basic与Excel的连接Visual Basic与Excel 的连接同Visual Basic与AutoCAD的连接，要使Visaul Basic的程序能调用Excel的命令、函数等，并在Excel中存取数据，首先要在Visaul Basic模块中申明一组对象。Public ExcelApp As Object 定义EXCEL空间Public ExcelWBook As ObjectPublic ExcelWSheet As ObjectPublic ExcelShape As Excel.ShapesPublic ExcelChart As Excel.ChartPublic Excel_Name As StringPublic Paint_Name As StringPublic Sub QiDongExcel() 连接EXCEL On Error Resume Next 忽略错误 Set ExcelApp = GetObject(, Excel.Application) 查找一个正在运行的Excel 拷贝 If Err Then 如果 Excel 没有运行则运行它 Err.Clear Set ExcelApp = CreateObject(Excel.Application) End IfEnd Sub2.8 自定义变量类型Public M(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R(0 To 2) As DoublePublic l(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II4(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II5(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II6(0 To 2) As DoublePublic JiAo1 As DoublePublic JiAo2 As DoublePublic JiAo3 As DoublePublic JiAo4 As DoublePublic JiAo5 As DoublePublic BJiao1 As DoublePublic BJiao2 As DoublePublic BJiao3 As DoublePublic BJiao4 As DoublePublic BJiao5 As DoublePublic HouDu As DoublePublic H1 As DoublePublic H2 As DoublePublic HHY1 As DoublePublic HHY2 As DoublePublic MeiMiDu As Double2.9 画图过程3 使用说明3.1运行将文件“PillarDesign.exe”与含有其它6个程序的文件夹“app”放置在电脑同一地址下。双击“PillarDesign.exe”图标，出现运行窗口(图5)：图5 PillarDesign软件运行界面点击“进入”，有一个两秒钟的提示页面：图6 提示页面图7 PillarDesign软件运行主界面此时点击6个程序的任一按钮，将调用出该程序的数据采集界面（图8）：3.2 软件使用图8 数据采集页面在各项文本框中输入实际参数后，点击“垂直剖面法绘制”按钮，软件将调用AutoCAD和Excel，实现自动化绘图和精确数据输出（图9，图10，图11）：图9 AutoCAD绘制结果图10 Excel运行结果图11 程序运行成功提示3.3 退出软件退出较简单，每一程序界面都有“退出”按钮，点击即可安全退出图12 程序退出参 考 文 献1 徐永忻.采矿学.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，20032 徐永忻.煤矿开采学.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，19993 林在康、左秀峰.矿业信息及计算机应用. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，20004 戴绍城.高产高效综合机械化采煤技术与装备.北京：煤炭工业出版社，19975 陈炎光、徐永祈.中国采煤方法.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，19916 钱鸣高、刘听成.矿山压力及控制. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，19917 于海勇.放顶煤开采的基础理论. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，19958 王省身.矿井灾害防治理论与技术. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，19899 刘吉昌.煤矿施工设计基础.太原：山西人民出版社，198310 岑传鸿.采场顶板控制与检测技术. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，199811 蒋国安、吕家立.采矿工程英语. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，199812 李位民.特大型现代化矿井建设与工程实践. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，200113 综采设备管理手册编委会.综采设备管理手册. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，199414 能源部.煤矿安全规程. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，199215 中国煤矿专用设备成套服务公司.采煤机械化成套设备参考手册.煤炭工业部. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，198416 刘吉昌.煤矿施工设计基础. 太原：山西人民出版社，198317 中国统配煤矿总公司物资供应局.煤炭工业设备手册. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，199218 章玉华.技术经济学. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，199519 综采设备管理手册. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，1994附录程序代码：模块中代码Public M(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R(0 To 2) As DoublePublic l(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II4(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II5(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II6(0 To 2) As DoublePublic JiAo1 As DoublePublic JiAo2 As DoublePublic JiAo3 As DoublePublic JiAo4 As DoublePublic JiAo5 As DoublePublic BJiao1 As DoublePublic BJiao2 As DoublePublic BJiao3 As DoublePublic BJiao4 As DoublePublic BJiao5 As DoublePublic HouDu As DoublePublic H1 As DoublePublic H2 As DoublePublic HHY1 As DoublePublic HHY2 As DoublePublic MeiMiDu As DoublePublic ACADApp As Object 定义AutoCAD对象Public AcadDoc As ObjectPublic AcadMds As ObjectPublic AcadUtil As Object Public WenZi As Object 定义图层Public TianChong As ObjectPublic XiAnTiAo1 As ObjectPublic XiAnTiAo2 As ObjectPublic XiAnTiAo3 As ObjectPublic QiTA As ObjectPublic TuBiLi As DoublePublic TuMingCheng As StringPublic ExcelApp As Object 定义EXCEL空间Public ExcelWBook As ObjectPublic ExcelWSheet As ObjectPublic ExcelShape As Excel.ShapesPublic ExcelChart As Excel.ChartPublic Excel_Name As StringPublic Paint_Name As StringPublic Sub ExitCadExcel()Set ACADApp = NothingSet AcadDoc = NothingSet AcadMds = NothingSet AcadUtil = NothingSet AcadPaperSpace = Nothing Set WenZi = NothingSet TianChong = NothingSet XiAnTiAo1 = NothingSet XiAnTiAo2 = NothingSet XiAnTiAo3 = NothingSet QiTA = NothingSet ExcelApp = NothingEnd SubPublic Sub QiDongCad() 连接CADOn Error Resume Next Set ACADApp = GetObject(, AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) If Err Then Err.Clear Set ACADApp = CreateObject(AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) End If Set AcadDoc = ACADApp.ActiveDocument Set AcadMds = AcadDoc.ModelSpace Set AcadUtil = AcadDoc.Utility Set AcadPaperSpace = AcadDoc.PaperSpace ACADApp.Visible = True Set WenZi = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(文字) Set TianChong = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(填充) Set XiAnTiAo1 = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(实线) Set XiAnTiAo2 = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(虚线) Set XiAnTiAo3 = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(中心线) Set QiTA = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(其他) Dim SimFangTextStyle As Object Dim TimesTextStyle As Object Set SimFangTextStyle = AcadDoc.TextStyles.Add(SimFang) SimFangTextStyle.fontFile = C:WINDOWSFontsSimFang.ttf Set TimesTextStyle = AcadDoc.TextStyles.Add(Times) TimesTextStyle.fontFile = C:WINDOWSFontsTimes.ttf object.Load LineTypeName, FileName Dim LineTN As String Dim FileName As String FileName = App.Path & acadiso.lin LineTN = continuous ACADDoC.Linetypes.Load LineTN, FileName LineTN = ACAD_ISO02W100 AcadDoc.Linetypes.Load LineTN, FileName LineTN = ACAD_ISO04W100 AcadDoc.Linetypes.Load LineTN, FileNameEnd SubPublic Sub QiDongExcel() 连接EXCEL On Error Resume Next 忽略错误 Set ExcelApp = GetObject(, Excel.Application) 查找一个正在运行的 Excel 拷贝 If Err Then 如果 Excel 没有运行则 Err.Clear Set ExcelApp = CreateObject(Excel.Application) 运行它 End IfEnd SubPublic Sub AddLineText(X1 As Double, Y1 As Double, _HHeight As Double, VHeight As Double, S As String, t As Boolean)Dim Point1(2) As DoubleDim Point2(2) As DoubleDim Point3(2) As DoubleDim Point4(2) As DoubleDim Point5(2) As DoublePoint1(0) = X1Point1(1) = Y1Point2(0) = X1 + HHeightPoint2(1) = Y1Point3(0) = Point2(0)Point3(1) = Y1 - VHeightPoint4(0) = Point1(0)Point4(1) = Point3(1)Point5(0) = (Point1(0) + Point2(0) / 2Point5(1) = (Point1(1) + Point3(1) / 2Dim LinObject As ObjectSet LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point1, Point2)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 实线Set LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point2, Point3)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 实线Set LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point3, Point4)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 实线Set LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point4, Point1)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 实线Dim ValText As DoubleIf t = True Then ValText = Val(S) ValText = ValText * 100 ValText = Fix(ValText) ValText = ValText / 100 S = Str(ValText)Else End IfDim TextHeight As DoubleTextHeight = VHeight * 0.5Set TextObj = AcadMds.AddText(S, Point5, TextHeight)TextObj.StyleName = TimesTextObj.HorizontalAlignment = acHorizontalAlignmentMiddleTextObj.TextAlignmentPoint = Point5End SubPublic Function WenBen2(Coner As Variant, widthw As Double, X As String, habcd As Double, SSX As Double, SSY As Double)Dim Corner1(0 To 2) As DoubleDim width As DoubleDim text As StringDim anObj As Object Corner1(0) = Coner(0) + SSX: Corner1(1) = Coner(1) + SSY: Corner1(2) = 0# width = widthw text = X Set anObj = AcadDoc.ModelSpace.AddMText(Corner1, width, text) anObj.Height = habcd anObj.StyleName = Times End FunctionPublic Sub ScaleEntityAllAcad(BiLi As Double)Dim SSetObj As AcadSelectionSetDim SSetObjName As StringSSetObjName = Time()Set SSetObj = AcadDoc.SelectionSets.Add(SSetObjName)SSetObj.Select acSelectionSetAllDim BasePoint(2) As DoubleBasePoint(0) = 0: BasePoint(1) = 0: BasePoint(2) = 0Dim ScaleFactor As DoubleScaleFactor = BiLiDim En