国家教师科研基金“十二五”规划重.ppt

Unit 7,The Will James M. Barrie,The Playwright: Sir James M. Barrie,Sir James Matthew Barrie) (br ) (KEY) , 18601937, Scottish playwright and novelist. He is best remembered for his play Peter Pan (1904), a supernatural fantasy about a boy who refuses to grow up. The son of a weaver, Barrie studied at the Univ. of Edinburgh. He took up journalism, worked for a Nottingham newspaper, and contributed to various London journals before moving to London in 1885. It was not long before he emerged as a novelist and playwright. He started to write when he was a child, drawing heavily on his personal experiences. He had an amazing sense of humor and realism. 2Barries life was dominated by his mother. This relationship left him emotionally immature and probably precipitated the failure of his marriage, and his lack of maturity is a discernible element in his works. Barrie reveals in his best works a profound understanding of human nature and an unexpected capacity for irony and mordant wit. He was created a baronet in 1913 and was appointed to the Order of Merit in 1922. From 1930 until his death he was chancellor of the Univ. of Edinburgh.,Barries works,Barries best-known work, Peter Pan is the story of a boy who refuses to grow up and creates his own world of Indians, pirates, and fairies. Peter Pan was produced for the stage in 1904 but appeared as a narrative story only in 1911. It was adapted as a play with music (1950), and as a musical comedy (1954, revived in 1979) that was also performed on television. Peter Pan was also made into a silent film (1924) and a feature-length animated cartoon (1952). Because he wanted his creation to benefit youngsters as much as possible, Barrie donated his rights in Peter Pan to a London childrens hospital. Barrie wrote two other fantasy plays, Dear Brutus(1917) and Mary Rose(1920). Among his other well-known plays are The Admirable Critchton (1902) and What Every Woman Knows (1908). He also wrote Margaret Ogilvy an adoring biography of his mother in 1896. Though Barrie has been often criticized for sentimentality and whimsy, his works often reveal a profound understanding of human nature and a capacity for sharp wit and irony. (see: sup.1),Peter Pan,Guide to Drama 1.,Basic Definition Drama is a form of literature acted out by performers. Performers work with the playwright, director, set and lighting designers to stage a show. Live actors act as someone else called a character. A play consists of: dialogue - where characters talk with each other action - what characters do in the play gesture - what the character shows through motion (s) and expression (s) A script, written by a playwright, gives the actors words and cues to perform the dialogue, actions and gestures of their characters on stage. As a reader, you can only imagine what the gestures, expressions and voices of the characters are like. Remember you must imagine the “sounds,“ actions and scenery when you are reading a script. Reading a play is like listening to a conversation, and using your imagination to guess at what the characters are like. This conversation is what actors will perform on the stage and will give you an idea of how other people, including the playwright, imagined the play to be.,Guide to Drama 2.,Drama differs from short stories and novels because it is made to be performed by different actors in different locations throughout time. While the script remains the same, actors interpretations of a single role may differ. If you have read a play and then see it, you may be surprised because the play may be different from what you had imagined. This is similar to reading a story and then seeing a movie of that story- it is rarely exactly what you had imagined. There are two basic types of drama: Tragedy - a serious, solemn play based on an important social, personal, or religious issue. Comedy - a play that shows the humorous actions of characters when they try to solve social, personal, or religious problems. Some of the first forms of documented drama come from ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks performed both tragedies and comedies. (see sup.2),Guide to Drama 3.,ANALYZING DRAMA How you react to a play will depend on: your individual perspective of the world your sense of humor you political attitudes your moral values Analysis begins by asking what factors about the play shaped your response. Aspects of drama that help you to enjoy and interpret a play: setting structure characterization theme dramatic irony,Guide to Drama 4.,setting - The scenic design and props. These add meaning and historical context to what characters do and say in the drama structure - The way a play is organized into sections. Most plays are divided into acts and scenes. A traditional play follows the structural pattern of a traditional short story or novel. It has an introduction (exposition), conflict, climax, and a resolution (denouement).,Guide to Drama 5.,characterization - the way the actor portrays the characters qualities and faults. theme - the central purpose or message of the play as developed by the playwright (i.e. the playwrights message for the audience). dramatic irony - the contrast between what the character thinks the truth is and what the audience knows the truth to be. This occurs when the speaker fails to recognize the irony of his actions. For example, if the speaker were to put a curse on the murderer without realizing that he himself is the murderer, then he would have unwittingly cursed himself.,Text Study,Characters (figure): number, names (p77) Construction: act (section), scene (sup.3) Scene 1. Settings (stage scenes): portraits, furniture, flowers (sup.2),Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901),Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901) Queen Victoria Queen Victoria remains a remarkable figure in history - not only for having been the longest reigning British monarch, but also as the figurehead of a vast empire, and as the inspiration for a highly complex culture. She was born on 24 May 1819, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, and Victoria Maria Louisa of Saxe-Coburg. She succeeded her uncle, William IV, in 1837, at the age of 18, and her reign dominated the rest of the century. In 1840 Victoria married her first cousin, Albert of Saxe-Coburg Gotha. For the next 20 years they lived in close harmony and had a family of nine children, many of whom eventually married into the European monarchy. Among the great achievements of her reign was the raising of institutional reform - such as the move (in the 1840s and 1850s) to a more constitutional monarchy - above party faction. The most notable achievement was probably the expansion of the British Empire, which doubled in size, taking in India, Australia, Canada and parts of Africa and the South Pacific , during Victorias long years on the throne. Although she retired to the Isle of Wight after the death of her beloved husband, and tended to remain hidden from the public eye, she emerged from this seclusion to celebrate her Golden and Diamond jubilees, and even made a royal visit to France - the first by a ruling British monarch since 1431. Having witnessed a revolution in British government, and the growth of the worlds largest empire, Victoria died on 22 January 1901. Her influence remains unforgettable, long after this date. (see Life & Times of Queen Vic.),King Edward VII,Eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert In 1863 married Princess Alexandra of Denmark; their second son succeeded as King George V after the death of the eldest son, the Duke of Clarence, in 1892 Commissioned Alfred Gilbert to create the Art Nouveau tomb at Windsor for the Duke of Clarence As Prince of Wales lived chiefly at Marlborough House, London and at Sandringham House, Norfolk (purchased in 1862 and soon rebuilt) After his accession initiated a major refurbishment and redecoration project at Buckingham Palace Gave Osborne House and its estate to the nation in 1902 Commissioned many items from Faberg as gifts for Queen Alexandra, including models of animals at Sandringham,KING GEORGE V George Frederick Ernest Albert was born on June 3, 1865 in London, England, the second son of Prince Albert, (later King Edward VII , the above mentioned). He was the King of England from 1919 to 1936. George served in the Royal Navy until 1892 when his older brother Prince Albert Victor died and he became the heir to the throne. He was created Duke of York in May of 1892 and he married Princess Mary of Teck in July of 1893. Mary had previously been engaged to his brother Albert. When his father Edward VII became King in 1901, he assumed the titles of Duke of Cornwall and Prince of Wales. He succeeded his father as King on May 6, 1910 and was crowned on June 22, 1911. By the end of 1928, King George was seriously ill and never fully regained his health throughout the rest of his reign. King George and Queen Mary had five sons; King Edward VIII (who gave up the throne to marry Wallis Warfield Simpson and became Duke of Windsor), King George VI, Henry - Duke of Gloucester, George - Duke of Kent, and Prince John, who died young. They had one daughter, Princess Mary who married the Earl of Harewood. King George V died on January 20, 1936 at Sandringham, Norfolk, England. QUEEN MARY Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes, (Princess Mary of Teck) was born on May 26, 1867 at Kensington Palace, London, England. Mary was the daughter of Prince Herzog Von Teck, a member of the Royal House of Wrttemberg. She was also the great-granddaughter of King George III of England. Mary was engaged to Albert Victor, oldest son of Edward VII and heir to the throne of England in 1891, however he died shortly before the wedding was to take place. At the urging of his father, George became engaged to Mary and they were married on July 6, 1893. Queen Mary died on March 24, 1953 in London, England.,Time,It is a convention that a long period of time can be represented in a play that only takes two or three hours to perform. This means that the structure of a play- the way it is put together- must convey the passing of time. This is usually done in two ways: time is assumed to have passed between scenes or acts, or time can pass quickly within a scene. In general, modern plays follow the first way, as it is in “The Will”.,Costume & Property,Costumes and property, like scenery, should be appropriate to the play. It should express the particular character of an individual and contribute to the atmosphere of the play. “Different furniture, renewed tiling of the fire place, dead flower” forms the atmosphere of the play, implying some change in the office. However, the change of monarchy portrays convey the one thing necessary, the passing of the time. Through things changed and passing of time we could see that one thing is unchanged i.e. their business goes on.,Character,Senior, who is middle-aged, succeeded to a good thing years ago As the curtain rises we see him bent over his table making it a better thing.,Character,He is recently from Oxford. If you show him in Hyde Park, lawk, how they will stare Perhaps, Junior is a smarter figure in the office his threw father does not know.,Dad, am I smart?,You, from Oxford?!,God knows.,Hyde Park (Corner) P78,P78,Bloomsbury Square Bloomsbury, London WC1 Bloomsbury derives its name from Blemondisberi, meaning the manor of (William) Blemond, who acquired the land in the early-13th century. The area remained mainly rural until 1661, when the 4th Earl of Southampton built Southampton (now Bloomsbury) Square around his house. The construction of Bloomsbury Square marked the start of a trend and many more followed including Bedford Square (laid out in 1775 - 80) and the much larger Russell Square (added in 1800). In 1780 anti-Catholic Gordon rioters burned down the town house of the Lord Chief Justice in Bloomsbury Square. None of the original buildings of Bloomsbury Square survive and today its shady garden, graced by a statue of statesman Charles James Fox (1749 - 1806), is encircled by a noisy one-way traffic system. The square has had many famous residents but is most closely associated with the the literary and artistic Bloomsbury Group. Many members of the group lived in the area in the early decades of the 20th century, including artists Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant and Dora Carrington, biographer Lytton Strachey and novelist Virginia Wolf. Individual blue plaques commemorating the members of the Bloomsbury Group can be seen throughout the area.,Character P78,Surtees has long ceased to think of himself as of any importance to either God or man. Why? He has lately had a shock touched a living wire. Whats the shock? (note 2),Character P78,Robert is more interested in his feat with the ruler than in a possible client Think about the three different types of characters in terms of their actions and languages. (note 2),Character P80,A young man and woman are shown in: very devoted to each other He is scarcely the less nervous She has probably nodded valiantly to him outside the door,Hammersmith P83,Today Hammersmith is a far cry from what it was at the turn of the 19th century. Then it had a population of around 10,000 people, and now it has a multi-cultural society of in excess of 170,000. Hammersmith developed around the River Thames, which is crossed via a graceful suspension bridge designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette. The present bridge replaces an earlier bridge of 1825, at that time it was the first suspension bridge across the Thames, and it was also a toll bridge with toll booths at either side. Hammersmith Bridge was declared open by the Prince of Wales in June 1887. In the year 2000 the bridge was damaged by a terrorist attack carried out by the IRA, it has since been repaired and is once again in use with weight restrictions in place. The suburb boasts an extensive range of retail establishments, restaurants, cafes, bars, and entertainment venues. It is home to the Apollo and Lyric theatres. The spiritual needs of the community are provided for by a number of churches, these include: St. Pauls, St. John the Evangelist, St. Lukes and The Holy Innocents. Along the river visitors to the area can see some fine Thames side properties, some remain from the Victorian era. This is a pleasant place to stroll and enjoy watching th