大学应用型英语Unit3.ppt

,上海交通大学出版社,Book II,应用型大学英语系列教程,应用型大学英语综合教程,Application-oriented college English Course,2,上海交通大学出版社,Back,Next,Language Skills Development,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit 3,Unit Three,Table of Contents,3,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1 content,Back,Next,Starter,Text: Bathroom policy,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大学出版社,focus1highlights,Back,Next,Highlights S: A bathroom quarrel L: Our bathroom problems R: Bathroom policy W: How to avoid run-on sentences (2) Internet work: Renting apartments,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大学出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,1. Starter,A. Look at the picture and answer the following questions.,6,上海交通大学出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,1. Starter,(Open question.),1. Does the scene in the picture look like that of your dormitory? What does your dormitory look like?,Everything is in a mess. For example, the toilet paper is on the bathroom floor; the towel is dripping; the bathroom is untidy.,2. How would you describe the bathroom?,7,上海交通大学出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,B. Listen to a passage and answer the following questions.,1. Starter,They have rented an apartment off campus.,1. What do the students do in order to enjoy privacy?,8,上海交通大学出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,1. Starter,They plan to work out a toilet policy.,3. How do they plan to solve the problem?,The other three have to clean it before they can use it because he often makes the toilet very dirty and untidy.,2. What is the problem with the toilet when Tom uses it every morning?,9,上海交通大学出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,Our Bathroom Problems In order to enjoy our privacy, the four of us, senior students in a university, have rented an apartment off campus. In this way, each one of us can have our own room but have to share one bathroom. All of us are very satisfied with that. Soon, however, a problem has emerged. That is, how to share our bathroom in the morning. Tom gets up earlier than the rest of us. Of course, he is always the first one to use it. But he has a bad habit of making the bathroom very dirty and untidy. After him, the other three of us have to do the cleaning work before we can use it.,1. Starter,Tapescript,10,上海交通大学出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,After him, the other three of us have to do the cleaning work before we can use it. John is the slowest in doing everything. Once he enters the bathroom, the rest of us have to wait for a long time. To make things worse, he has a habit of playing computer games over his laptop while he is on the toilet. No matter how hard we rush him or even threaten him outside the bathroom, it does not work. He still holds it as if it is the most comfortable place in the world for him. And none of us can stand it any longer. Thus, it seems to all of us that it is time for us to work out a bathroom policy so that all of us can live comfortably together in the apartment. Otherwise, more problems will arise sooner or later.,1. Starter,11,Warm Up,Back,Next,1. Do you get well with your roommates? How do you and your roommates deal with dormitory chores? 2. How do we protect our social resource?,Text Lead-in,上海交通大学出版社,12,Back,Next,Text Lead-in,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,1,2-13,14-16,13,Back,Next,Text Lead-in,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,Body (Paras. 2-13),Problems with our shared bathroom.,Problems with our shared planet.,Transition: Similarity between bathroom sharing and planet sharing,14,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,1 We were four college sophomores. And we were not going to live in a dorm, no sir, we figured that we were smart, mature fellows and so we arranged to rent a house. Each person would have his own private bedroom and we would share the bathroom. Four guys, one bathroom. That sounds reasonable, right?,Translation,洗手间使用规则 1 我们四个都上大二了，我们没打算住在宿舍，从来没想过。我们自以为自己既聪明又成熟，因此合计着租个房住。每个人都有自己单独的卧室，大家合用一个洗手间。四个小伙子，一个洗手间。听起来很合理，对不？,Question about Para. 1,dorm: n. C 集体寝室；（大学）宿舍 e.g. A new dorm rule was announced last week. 英文常见的省略词还有：gym （gymnasium）/ lab （laboratory）/perm （permanent wave (烫发)）/porn（pornography）/hippo(hippopotamus (河马)）,no sir: （美口语） 决不 e.g. We will never allow him in! No sir!,mature: a. 1)（智力和情感上）成熟的，理智的 e.g. You mustnt be jealous when your sister gets presents; you must learn to behave in a more mature way. 2) 发育成熟的 e.g. A monkey is mature at a few years old, but a human being isnt mature till at least 16. vi. 成熟 e.g. Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade.,arrange: vi./vt. 1) （就行动或事情）提前达成协议 e.g. I arranged to meet them at 10 oclock. 2) 整理，排列，布置 e.g. She arranged the flowers well in the vase. arrange for: 安排（以便） e.g. Ive arranged for a taxi to pick us up at 10 oclock. n. arrangement,guy: n. 1) C (informal) 男人 e.g. The fat guy dropped asleep shortly after the film began. 2) C (esp. AmE)人（不论男女） e.g. You guys want to have a drink?,15,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,They decided to rent a house rather than live in a dorm. Because they figured that they were smart, mature fellows.,1. What did the four college students decide to do in their second year of college? And why?,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,16,2 但还是先看看爱德华吧。爱德华一用完洗手间就没人想用了，因为总有东西会被用完、用光、用尽。没卫生纸了？没肥皂了？说来也奇怪，爱德华好像总是最后一个用完这些东西的人。因此对我们其他人而言，洗手间的作用就大打折扣了，然而我们并未因此得到补偿。东西都让爱德华用了，我们感到忿忿不平。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,2 But let me tell you about Edward. Nobody wanted to use the bathroom after Edward because something would be finished, gone, used up. No toilet paper? No soap? Edward somehow seemed always to be the last person to use these things. It reduced the value of the bathroom for the rest of us, yet we got no compensation. Edward was a taker. That felt unfair.,Translation,Question about Para. 2,Meaning: The rest of us were prevented from using the bathroom normally and nothing was done to make up for the inconvenience on our part.,Meaning: Edward is always a user of all the bathroom resources, such as toilet paper, soap, shampoo and so on. “taker” here refers to a person who uses the limited resources carelessly.,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,use up: 消耗，用尽 e.g. Some people take it for granted that the resources on Earth will never be used up. up = completely e.g. eat up (eat all of something), drink up, burn up, mix up, save up, clean up, etc.,compensation: n. 1) U补偿物，补偿金，赔偿金 e.g. The hotel offered $200 in compensation for the failure to fulfill the committed service for the customer. 2) C （对不利局面的）补偿 e.g. One of the few compensations of being unemployed was seeing more of family.,17,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,He was a taker as he always used much more bathroom resources such as toilet paper, soap than necessary.,2. What can we tell about Edward from the second paragraph?,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,18,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,3 How about Charlie? Well, he had a problem tooshaving. It was always a disappointment to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he was done, you would find shaving cream on the mirror, on the sink, on the floor. Lots of shaving cream was all over the place. And if it doesnt get cleaned up, it looks bad and becomes unsanitary. The rest of us picked up after Charlie, but we got no compensation for doing so. Charlie was a polluter. That felt unfair.,Translation,3 查理呢？哎，他刮胡子时也有一个毛病。一看到查理走进洗手间我们就沮丧，因为他一用完洗手间，镜子上、池子里、地板上到处都是剃须膏。整个洗手间剃须膏随处可见。如果不好好打扫，就会不堪入目，变得很脏。我们其他人只好在查理用完洗手间后彻底收拾一番，但干这些什么补偿也得不到。可环境都是查理污染的，我们心里有气。,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,Question about Para. 3,Meaning: It was always disappointing to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he finished using it, you would find the bathroom was in a total mess, with shaving cream all over, on the mirror, on the sink, and even on the floor.,Meaning: After Charlie used the bathroom, the rest of us cleaned it thoroughly before we could use it. However, we got nothing in return for the cleaning.,be done: 结束 e.g. I will help you when I am done with my term paper.,clean up: 扫除，清扫 e.g. Its your turn to clean up the bedroom.,unsanitary: a. 不卫生的，不健康的 e.g. There was a small and unsanitary inn nearby.,pick up after sb.:（为某人）收拾，整理 e.g. All I seem to do is cook, wash and pick up after the kids.,19,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,He was a polluter as he always made the bathroom unsanitary and untidy.,3. What can we tell about Charlie from the third paragraph?,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,20,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,4 Andrew was a nice fellow. He was thrifty and neat. But there was a difficulty. Once inside the bathroom, he wouldnt come out! The rest of us would be waiting around to use the bathroom, pleading, urging, and begging. It did no good. Andrew took long stretches of time in the bathroom. That restricted access for the rest of us, and yet we got no compensation. Andrew was a monopolizer. That felt unfair.,Next,Back,Translation,4 安德鲁还不错，既节俭又干净。但也有麻烦。他一走进洗手间就不愿出来。我们其他人要用洗手间只能在外面干等，不停地呼喊、催促、哀求，但无济于事。安德鲁长时间占用洗手间，影响了我们其他人的使用，然而我们得不到任何补偿。安德鲁太霸道，我们感到没有公理可言。,Question about Para. 4,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,thrifty: a. 节俭的，节约的 e.g. She is a thrifty housekeeper.,neat: a. 1) 爱整洁的 e.g. The new lodger was fortunately a neat person. 2) 整齐的，整洁的 e.g. She had small, neat writing.,plead: vi./vt. 1)恳求，央求，祈求 e.g. The child pleaded with her strict mother to let her go out and play. 2) 承认（有罪或无罪） e.g. The man pleaded guilty to murdering the girl.,urge: vt. 1) 恳求，催促，力劝 e.g. He urged me to introduce him to my beautiful friend, Mary. 2) 竭力主张，强烈要求，强调 e.g. I urge caution in interpreting these results. n. C 强烈的欲望，冲动，迫切要求 e.g. The urge to survive drove them on.,good: n.用处，好处 e.g. Its no good talking to him because he never listens. Whats the good of buying a book without reading it?,stretch: n. C（时间）连续的一段 e.g. He has been in America for a stretch of 10 years and is not aware of what had happened here.,restrict: vt. 限制，约束 e.g. Membership of the club is restricted to men only. His activities were restricted by old age.,Meaning: The rest of us would be waiting outside, asking him earnestly, rushing him repeatedly, asking him to finish earlier so that we could use the bathroom.,21,He was a monopolizer as he always took long stretches of time in the bathroom depriving the others of the proper access to it.,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,4. What can we tell about Andrew from the fourth paragraph?,Next,Back,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,22,5 那第四个人呢？那就是我。我没有什么不良恶习，对洗手间很爱护，对每个人也很公平。反正，你不得不这样认为，因为我不会告诉你他们三个中任何一个人目前的住址。 6 那一年我们四个郁郁寡欢、满腹牢骚。我们在“洗手间使用规则”上存在分歧，却没有找到解决的办法。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,5 The fourth person? That was me. I had no bad habits, and treated the bathroom perfectly and with fairness to everyone. Or at least youll have to believe that, because I am not going to give you the current address of Edward, Charlie or Andrew. 6 The four of us felt unhappy and dissatisfied that year. We had a “bathroom policy” problem and we did not find a way to solve it.,Translation,Questions about Paras. 5-6,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,23,He claimed to have had no bad habits, treated the bathroom perfectly and was fair to everyone, but we have no evidence to confirm this.,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,5. What can we tell about the author according to the description of himself?,Next,Back,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,They felt unhappy and dissatisfied because they had much trouble sharing the bathroom.,6. How did they feel in the year when they shared a rented house? And why?,24,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,7 Now lets talk about you and everyone on Earth. We dont have to share a single bathroom. But we do all share one planet. 8 Our planets natural resources are a common heritage for all humanity, just as the bathroom was a common resource for the four of us in college. 9 Look what is happening to our planet.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,英语中，助动词do常用于强调谓语动词。 e.g. We did try to reach him last night. She does have a strong local dialect even when speaking English.,heritage: n. U 遗产，继承物 e.g. We must take care to preserve our national heritage.,humanity: n. 1) U 人类 e.g. Humanity has made great progress in space exploration and medicine. 2) U 人性，人道，仁慈，博爱 e.g. He treated the prisoners with humanity.,7 现在该轮到谈论你和地球上的其他人了。诚然，我们所有的人不必共用一个洗手间，但我们确实共享一个地球。 8 正如洗手间是我们四个大学生的公共资源一样，对于全人类来说，地球上的自然资源是共同财富。 9 来瞧瞧地球所受到的待遇吧。,25,10 我们看到诸如爱德华之类的人或公司过度使用石油、淡水和矿产资源，却不对我们其他人做出任何补偿。 11 我们看到像查理一样的人或公司将有毒废物、化学物质、碳排放到空气中，污染了土地、水和空气，造成世界生存危机，迫使其他人去清除污染，但他们却并未对我们其他人做出任何补偿。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,10 We see people or corporations like Edward, taking more than their fair share of oil, fresh water, minerals, without compensating the rest of us. 11 We see people or corporations like Charlie, polluting the land, water and air with toxic wastes, chemicals, carbons in the atmosphere, making the world less safe, forcing others to clean up, and they are not compensating the rest of us.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,toxic: a. 有毒的；中毒的 e.g. Those vegetables actually became toxic because of a heavily polluted river nearby.,atmosphere: n. 1) C, sing.（尤指室内的）空气 e.g. These flowers love warm, humid atmospheres. 2) C （围绕地球、星球等的）大气，大气层 e.g. pollution of the atmosphere 3) C, U 气氛，环境 e.g. The talk was conducted in a friendly atmosphere.,26,premature: a. 1)（做事）草率的，仓促的 e.g. She was a bit too premature in giving up this job. 2) 未成熟的；过早的，提早的 e.g. His premature death at the age of 32 is a great loss.,Meaning: There are people or companies taking control of resources just like Andrew. For example, a real estate agent occupies an acre of land in the city without developing it, expecting a higher price. For that purpose, they remove the rest of us from where we live. Thus development of land is imposed on the countryside rather than in the city.,12 我们看到像安德鲁一样的人或公司垄断了诸如土地之类的资源大都市的一个土地投机商，占着一英亩地不用，期待地产涨价，把我们其他人赶走，把开发引向农村。市中心一英亩得到合理的开发，就可以避免郊区十多英亩地被过早草率地开发。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,12 We see people or corporations like Andrew, monopolizing resources such as landan urban land speculator who holds an acre out of use, anticipating a price rise, is displacing the rest of us, forcing development out into the countryside. A single acre of downtown land brought into use would save a dozen outside acres from premature sprawl development.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,monopolize: vt.垄断，独占 e.g. These two firms are so big and powerful that they monopolize the production and sale of cigarettes in this country.,speculator: n. C 投机者 e.g. His case was financed by speculators who hoped to profit from his victory. speculate: vi. 1)做投机生意 e.g. He speculated successfully in mining shares. 2) 推测；猜测 e.g. He was speculating that this might be his last chance.,out of use: 不使用，不再使用 e.g. That expression has gone out of use. in use (在使用中). 类似短语: out of/in stock (没有/有库存现货) out of/in order (杂乱无章/ 井然有序 ) out of/in sight (看不见/看得见),displace: vt. 1) 迫使离开家园 e.g. The American Indians were soon displaced by the settlers. 2) 取代，替代，顶替 e.g. Gradually factory workers have been displaced by machines.,downtown: a. 城镇商业中心区的 e.g. Our downtown office stays open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ad. 往（在）城镇商业中心区 e.g. They went downtown to see a ballet.,bring into use: 投入使用，开始使用 e.g. The new machine has been brought into wide use. bring into: 使开始 类似短语: to bring (sth.) into being 使（某事）产生 to bring (sth.) into play使（某事）发挥作用 to bring (sth.) into force使（某事）发挥效力/力量,Meaning: If a single acre of land in the city center was made full use of, a dozen acres of land in the rural areas would not be developed in a rash, unplanned manner.,sprawl: n. C, usu. sing., U杂乱的扩展，无序扩展 e.g. a sprawl of industrial development vi. 1)伸开四肢坐（或躺） e.g. He found her sprawled out in a comfortable chair asleep. 2)杂乱地大面积铺开 e.g. The city sprawled for miles in each direction.,27,13 那些占有者、垄断者和污染者正将他们的成本强加到我们其他人身上，强加到整个经济上。我们被迫降低效率或忍受艰辛，这样那些占有者、垄断者和污染者能够受益。我们对此气愤不已。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,13 Those who take, monopolize, and pollute, are imposing costs on the rest of us and on the economy in general. We are forced to be less efficient, or forced to endure hardships, so that the takers, monopolizers and polluters can benefit. That is not fair.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,Question about Para. 13,impose: vt. 1) 把强加于，迫使 e.g. The conquerors imposed difficult conditions of peace on the defeated enemy. 2) 推行，采用（规章制度） e.g. The government decided to impose a protective tariff on foreign cars.,economy: n. 1) C 经济，经济情况 e.g. The new oil that we have found will improve the local economy. 2) U节约，节省 e.g. The employees of the firm practised strict economy in doing everything. 同根词: Economics 经济学 Economical 节俭的，精打细算的，节省的 Economic 经济学的，经济的,efficient: a. 有效率的 e.g. He is an efficient manager. compare: efficient, effective efficient 指的是做事快而且效率高，而effective则指的是产生了预期的效果。 e.g. His efforts to improve the school have been very effective.,endure: vt./vi. 1)忍耐，忍受 e.g. As the pain-killer is not available now, I will have to endure the annoying toothache till morning. Be quiet! I cant endure that noise a moment longer. 2) 持续，持久 e.g. They vowed their love would endure forever.,benefit: vi./vt.（使）获益，受益，得到好处 e.g. Businessmen stand to benefit from these changes. The sea air will benefit you. n. U, C 优势， 益处；成效 e.g. The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers.,28,7. What is unfair in using our common resources according to the author?,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,People or corporations like Edward, Charlie and Andrew who take, pollute and monopolize are having more share of our common resources than justified and imposing costs on the rest of us and on the economy in general.,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,29,14 这个问题可以解决吗？当然可以。很简单。为了尊重我们在地球资源方面的共同利益，那些占有过多、垄断成性或污染地球的人应该赔偿那些受其害的人。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,14 Is there a solution? Of course there is. Its a simple solution. To respect o