Grammar过去分词作状语与动词—ing形式作状语的区别.ppt

人教课标 高二 选修 8 Unit 4,Grammar,过去分词作状语,Unit 4 Pygmalion,Look at the sentence below and you may find the past participle is used as the adverbial.,Once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.,Lets go on to study the past participle used as the adverbial.,1. 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语) 因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语) 常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。如：,过去分词作状语,Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中, 所以他没听到那个声音。,2. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作五种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如： Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 (Caught in a heavy rain相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain),Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。,(Grown in rich soil 相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil),表示伴随情况或方式: The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。 He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。,When heated, ice can be changed into water. 冰加热时变成水。,注意： 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，才可以把从句的主语省略，且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态。, 把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词) + 过去分词”结构。如：,When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didnt lose heart. 尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。,现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1. 逻辑关系: 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。,He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。,2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的 被动关系。 Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来 会表现得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。,2. 时间概念: 过去分词所表示的动作发 生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状 态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作 与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在 进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一 个“主动”动作；,现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for + 一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。,Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully, he found something he hadnt known before. 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。,Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。,Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。,高考链接,考点一：过去分词作状语 1. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. （天津2011） A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated,点拨 答案为B。句意为“这个句子被翻译为英语时，语序完全不同。”过去分词作时间状语。,2. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. （四川2011） Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer 点拨 答案为C。句意为“因为Andy在一部新电影里被分给一个重要角色，他得到了一个成名的机会。” 过去分词作原因状语。,考点二：done与having been done作状 语的区别 1. _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. （陕西2010） Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 点拨 答案为A。the south foot of the mountain 与 see 之间是一般的被动关系。,2. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. （陕西2008） A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show 点拨 答案为C。我们参观鸟巢前已经被带着参观了水立方。,考点三：“连词 + 过去分词”作状语 1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. （浙江2010） A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 点拨 答案为C。if carried out regularly的完整形式是 if exercise is carried out regularly。,2. Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _. （福建 2008） A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 点拨 答案为A。as told 的完整形式是 as they were told。,考点四：过去分词构成的独立主格结构 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. （重庆2007） A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 点拨 答案为B。lessons为finish的主语，与句子的主语children不一致，且lessons与finish之间是被动关系。,课堂练习,用所给词的适当形式填空，并与A-D的汉语翻译相匹配。,impress pour speak,A.覆水难收,B.流连忘返,C.一言既出, 驷马难追,1. Once _, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once _, water cannot be taken back again. 3. _ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.,spoken,poured,Impressed,A.覆水难收,B.流连忘返,C.一言既出, 驷马难追,II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. _ (give) time, hell make a first class tennis player. 3. _ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.,Seen,Given,Looking,4. _ (give) more time, Ill finish my work on time. 5. Compared with _ (develop) countries, we still have a long way to go. 6. The English teacher entered the room, _ (follow) by his students.,Given,developed,followed,7. The teach buildings _ (build) in 1960 need repairing. 8. I found my school bag _ (leave) in Marys room.,built,left,III. 将下列句子翻译成英语。 由于被妈妈所说的话所感动，我忍不住哭了起来。 2. 如果给我们一个机会，我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。,Moved by what my mother said, I c