语法专题主从复合句状语从句TheAdverbialClau.ppt

语法专题 主从复合句：状语从句 The Adverbial Clauses,一、基本概念 二、状语从句分类 三、各类状语从句重难点 四、考点与注意点汇总,1、状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等担当。 2、状语从句 在主句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语，状语从句在句中相当于副词做状语，因此又叫副词性从句。,1.While I was walking along the street, I found many beautiful buildings ( ) 2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( ) 3. Now that everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （ ） 4. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( ) 5. So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( ) 6. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( ) 7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( ) 8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( ) 9.He is taller than I am.( ),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果, 例 句 导 入 ,条件,让步,方式,比较,二、状语从句分类,九种状语从句,时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句,归纳总结,1、时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, by the time , till, until, notuntil, once , as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan , every time, each time , the first/second/last time,3、原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that(既然）, in that（因为）,4、条件状语从句 if, unless, as (so) long as, on condition that,2、地点状语从句 where, wherever,各类状语从句常见的连接词,5、让步状语从句 although, though, as, even though/even if, while(虽然）, when, no matter +which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror,7、目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case,8、方式状语从句 as, as if/as though,6、结果状语从句 sothat, suchthat,各类状语从句对应的连接词,9、比较状语从句 than, asas, not so/asas, the +比较级, the +比较级,用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句,1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be. 3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it. 4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him. 5.I shall go to the park unless it rains. 6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,让步,比较,方式,结果,条件,时间,辨析状语从句类型练习,7. Where there is water, there is life. 8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates. 9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you. 10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart. 11. Once you begin the work, you must continue. 12. Although the sun was shining, it wasnt very warm.,地点,目的,原因,让步,时间,让步,三、时间状语从句重难点,1、when, while, as引导时间状语从句 （1）when的用法 A. when引导时间状语从句既可指时间点，也可指时间段 （即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）。 For example: 当我住在那里时，我常在周日去海滨。 When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 他到上海时，他妈妈到车站接他。 When he arrived in Shanghai , his mother met him at the station .,（1）when的用法 B. When 在下列句式中译为“就在那时,这时”，可以看成是并列句，这种用法的when一般位于句末。 For example: 我正在穿衣服，这时电话响了。 I was putting on my clothes when the telephone rang. 我正要锁门，这时电话响了。 我刚锁上门，这时电话响了。,时间状语从句练习一 1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. that D. until 4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. that D. until 5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal _a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while,A,D,B,B,C,（2）while的用法 A. while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内主句动作发生，相当于during the time that;从句常用进行时态。 For example: 当别人工作时，请不要这么大声说话。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。 My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. B. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示同类对比。 For example: 我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。 I like watching TV, while he likes reading.,（2）while的用法 C. while也可用来引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although For example: 尽管我承认这些问题很难，但我并不同意他们无法解决。 While I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved. D. 趁的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了 For example: 趁热打铁。 Strike while the iron is hot.,时间状语从句练习二 6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 7. (04年江苏) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8. _it is true that a students most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it doesnt need to be the only goal. A. when B. As C. While D. Before 9. Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal . A. so that B. although C. while D. as if,D,A,C,C,（3）as的用法 A. as可用来引导时间状语，常可和when换用，但较强调主从句动作同时发生，意为“一边一边”，引出伴随动作 For example: 她一边做作业，一边听音乐。 She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. B. as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着.”的意思，表时间的推移。 For example: 随着时间的流逝，我开始意识到学习的重要性。 As time went by, I began to realize the importance of learning. 随着年龄的增长，我对音乐更加感兴趣。 As I grow older, I become more interested in music. .,（3）as的用法 C. as也可用来引导原因状语从句，意为“因为” For example: 因为她今天有时间，所以她想去购物。 As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. D. as还可用来引导让步状语从句（用倒装结构），意为“尽管”。 For example: 尽管他很累，他却拒绝休息。 Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest.,2、before、after引导时间状语从句 （1）before和after表示的是两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系；引导时间状语从句最基本的意思就是“在之前”、“在之后”；before从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句用过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时；after从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句用过去时，从句一般要用过去完成时。 For example: 在我们看到陆地前，我们已经航行四天四夜了。 （我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。） We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 他在这家工厂工作十年以后就出国了。 After he had worked in the factory for ten years, he went abroad.,（2）before时间状语从句的特殊句式 主句包含表段时间的短语、且为肯定句常译成“（之后）才”； 主句包含表段时间的短语、且为否定句常译成“就”； 这样的句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态。,For example: 再过两年他才大学毕业。 It will be two years before he graduates from the university. 两年之后他才大学毕业。 It was two years before he graduated from the university. 他不多久就会从大学毕业了。 It will not be long before he graduates from the university. 他不多久就从大学毕业了。 It was not long before he graduated from the university.,2、before、after引导时间状语从句 （3）before的特殊意思 For example: 趁着还没忘记我要把它写下来。 Ill write it down before I forget it. 我还未来得及见他，他就离开了。 He had left before I could see him.,时间状语从句练习三 10. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as 11. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 12. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 13. (05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because,C,C,A,B,3、until, till, notuntil引导时间状语从句 （1）until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，译为“直到为止”。 For example: 我们一直在那里待到雨停了。 We stayed there until the rain stopped. （2）until从句用于否定句时，主句的动词是短暂性动作，表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，译为“直到 才”。 For example: 我们一直到雨停了才离开。 We didnt leave until the rain stopped.,3、until, till, notuntil引导时间状语从句 （3）用于强调句式“It is/ was not until .that .” For example: 直到雨停了我们才离开。 It was not until the rain stopped that we left. （4）not until放在句首时主句要进行部分倒装 For example: 我们一直到雨停了才离开。 Not until the rain stopped did we leave.,时间状语从句练习四 14. (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 15. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 16. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses_ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then,C,D,B,4、since引导时间状语从句 since从句一般要用非延续性动词，意为“自从时起”，主句要用完成时态 For example: 他大学毕业后一直在这座城市工作。 He has worked in this city since he graduated from the college. 注意 （1）since所引导从句如果用延续性或状态动词的一般过去时，所表示的就是动作或状态的完成或结束。 翻译：Since Tom lived in Nanjing, I have not heard from him. 自从Tom离开南京以后，我没有收到过他的信。 （2）作介词时，since后要接时间点，而不是时间段； since还可作副词，后来,与完成时连用。 判断正误：He has writing the book since five years 翻译：她丈夫十年前就去世了，从那以后她没再结婚。 Her husband died ten years ago, but she hasnt remarried since. （3）It is +段时间+sincedid/ was,ago.,5、表示“一就”句型 （1）as soon as/ once For example: 我一到上海就会写信给你。 As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I will write to you. 你一旦开始这项工作，就必须继续下去。 Once you begin the work, you must continue.,5、表示“一就”句型 （2）名词短语转变成连词： the moment, the instant, the minute, the second For example: 他一听说发生了事故，就到现场来了。 He came to the spot/ scene the moment he heard of the accident. （3）副词转变成连词： instantly, immediately, directly For example: 他们一得到口信就把消息告诉我了。 They told me the news immediately they got the message.,5、表示“一就”句型 （4）no sooner .than , hardly/scarcely.when A.意思：“一就” B.时态：主句（no sooner/ hardly/ scarcely）用过去完成时， 从句(than/ when)用一般过去时。 C.倒装：结构中的否定词（no sooner/ hardly/ scarcely）放在句首时，主句（紧跟其后的句子）要倒装。 For example: 我刚到车站，火车就开走了。 I had no sooner got to the station than the train left. 句型转换（no sooner）置于句首： No sooner had I got to the station than the train left.,5、表示“一就”句型 （5）介词短语 on doing sth. /on ones + n.作时间状语,意为“一就” For example: 美国学生一到来，我们就给他们热情地欢迎。 On arriving, we gave the American students a warm welcome. 句型转换: On their arrival, we gave the American students a warm welcome.,时间状语从句练习五 17. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. although 18. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 19. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had,B,C,C,6、一些含有time的名词短语 如the first /second/last time, every time, each time, next time, by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。 For example: 我第一次开车时，感觉特别紧张。 The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous. 下次你来时，请带上你的作文。 Next time you come, please bring your composition. 到你毕业的时候，我们已经在澳大利亚居住一年了。 By the time you graduate, we will have lived in Australia for one year.,四、地点状语从句重难点,1、where/wherever Where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“在任何一个地方”； 可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。 For example: 有志者事竟成/有水的地方就有生命。 Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is water, there is life. You should put the book where it was. 你应该把书放在原来的地方。 无论你去哪里都要遵守法律。 Wherever you go, you must obey the law.,2、where引导地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而where引导地点状语从句时从句本身就是主句动作发生的场所。 For example: 一般而言，有工厂的地方空气都会被严重污染。 Generally, air will be heavily polluted in the places where there are factories. Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.,1. After the war，a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 2.-Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. - Oh, yes. _ others are weak, he is strong. A. If B. When C. Where D. Though 3. - The thread of my kite broke and it flew away. - I had told you it would easily break _it was the weakest A. when B. where C. unless D. since,地点状语从句练习,五、原因状语从句重难点,原因状语从句由because, as , since, now (that)（既然）, in that（因为，多于口语中）,seeing (that)（鉴于，由于）,considering that（考虑到）等引导。 1、because because用来回答why提出的问题，表示某件事发生的直接原因或理由，用于告知对方不知道的原因。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强，可用于强调句。 For example: 昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 I came back late yesterday because I was on duty. It was because I was on duty that I came back late yesterday.,2、since, now that since、now that常表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因已经清楚了的事情，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”，往往放在主句前。 For example: 既然你已经知道了这个秘密，我就不必说了。 Since you have known the secret, I neednt say anything about it. 3、as as常用于表示十分明显的原因，只是对主句的附带说明，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”，可放在主句前或主句后。 For example: 由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。 As he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .,4、for for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断或解释，对前一分句进行附加说明；它引出的分句必须放在另一分句后。 For example: 门关着，屋子里肯定没人。 There must be no one in the house， for the door is closed. 单项选择： The day must be breaking, _ the birds have begun singing. A. because B. as C. for D. since,5、seeing (that), considering (that), in that 这几个连词 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实、原因是”的意思。 For example: 鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生了。 Seeing that he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor .,六、条件状语从句重难点,由if, unless（if.not）, so/as long as, supposing(that)（假设）, provided/providing (that)（假若）, in case（万一, 以防）, on condition that（条件是.），so/as far as（就.而言）等引导 1、if/unless if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”； unless表示反面的条件，相当于（ifnot），意为“除非，如果不”。 For example: 如果他12点前不来，我们就不等他了。 We wont wait for him, if he doesnt come before 12oclock. We wont wait for him, unless he comes before 12oclock.,2、 supposing(that), provided/providing (that), on condition that， in case, so/as long as 这些连词词组意思相近，有“如果，假如，假设，在条件下”等意义 For example: 只要你继续努力，你就会成功。 So long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed. 假如约翰来了，请告诉他等一下。 In case John comes, please tell him to wait. 3、as/so far as就而言 For example: 据我所知，那本书下月出版。 So far as I know, the book will be published next month.,4、only if if only only if引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”； if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿，要是就好了” For example: 只要你继续努力，你就会成功。 Only if you keep on trying, you will surely succeed. 如果当初我们听取了你的建议就好了。 If only we had followed your advice!,5、条件状语从句的虚拟 if引导的条件状语从句若与过去或现在事实不符，或对未来进行不可能的假设，就要用虚拟语气。 For example: 如果有一天机器人掌控了世界，将不会再有友谊。 If Robots should control the world some day, here would be no friendship. 如果考试中Tom能再仔细些，他就已经通过考试了。 If Tom had been more careful in the exam, he would have passed it already. 如果我是一个老师，我会对我的学生很严格。 If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.,6、条件状语从句的省略与倒装 If引导的虚拟条件从句中谓语动词有were, had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前构成倒装。,条件状语从句练习 1、 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if 2. You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. or 3. The little boy wont go to sleep his mother tells him a story. A. or B. unless C. but D. whether 4、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. Because B. As far as C. Even if 5、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors_ I have to wait. Ain case Bso that Cin order Das if,A,A,B,B,A,七、目的状语从句重难点,由so that（以便）， in order that（为了），for fear that（= in case）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may, might, can, could, will, would, should等情态动词。从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。 1、so that/ in order that For example: 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。 They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. They worked harder than usual in order to finish the work ahead of time. 老师有意提高他的声音，以便后面的同学能听得更清晰。 The teacher raised his voice on purpose so that the students in the back could hear more clearly.,2、 lest/ for fear that/ in case 这些连词词组意思相近，意思是“以防、以免”； lest从句一般用虚拟语气，形式“should+动词原形”或只用原形； for fear that从句和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 For example: 多穿点衣服，以免感冒。 Put on more clothes lest/ for fear that/ in case that you should catch a cold. 他把相机准备好，万一看到适合拍照的东西。 He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 单选：I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless,八、结果状语从句重难点,常用的连词有so that，so . that, such.that； 结果状语从句中一般无情态动词 1、so that，so . that, such.that For example: 他们比往常更加努力工作，结果提前完成了工作。 They worked harder than usual， so that they finished the work ahead of time. They worked hard enough to finish the work ahead of time. 老师说话声音很大，因此后面的同学听得很清晰。 The teacher spoke so loud that the students in the back heard clearly.,2、 so/ suchthat所用句式 For example: 这是一本非常有意思的小说，因此我们大家都想阅读它。 这本小说非常有意思，因此我们大家都想阅读它。 这个图书管里有这么多有意思的小说，因此我们大家都喜欢到那儿。 天气那么糟糕，因此我们大家都待家里了。 It was such bad weather that all of us stayed at home.,3、 so that引导结果状语从句与目的状语从句的区别 （1）目的状语从句中的动词要用may (might), can (could), should, would等情态动词，表示某种可能性，是主观意念，放在主句后时，与主句之间一般不用逗号隔开； （2）结果状语从句中一般没有情态动词，表示的是客观事实，放在主句后，与主句之间一般要用逗号隔开。 For example: 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。 They worked harder than usual so that they could finish the work ahead of time. They worked harder than usual， so that they finished the work ahead of time.,九、让步状语从句重难点,常用的连词有though, although, even though, even if, as, while, when, no matter wh-, wh-ever, whetheror 1、though/ although though, although这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式； 让步状语从句可以放在主句前或者主句后； though还可作副词单独放在句尾，表示“然而，可是，不过”的意思。 For example: 尽管在这次社交会上我谁也不认识，但我还是玩得很开心。 I had a very good time although I didnt know anybody at the party.,2、 even if/ even though 常用以强调让步概念，有退一步设想的意思，“即使、纵使”；有时有假设含义，用于虚拟语气。 For example: 即使明天下雨，我也要去。 Ill go even if it rains tomorrow. 即使我处在你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。 Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job. 3、 while while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与although，though相同 For example: 尽管我承认他的好成绩，但我依然感觉给他这个重要的职位不够明智。 While I admit his good points, I still feel it unwise to offer him this important position.,5、 whetheror (not) whetheror (not)可以引导让步状语从句，提供两个对比的情况，意为“不管”。 For example: 不管你是否相信，它都是真的。 Whether you believe it or nor, it is true. 填空：不论她来这里或是我们去那里，讨论的话题仍然不变。 Whether or , the of will remain unchanged.,4、 when When引导让步状语从句置于主句后，“虽然却”。 For example: 虽然他可以乘出租车，但他却步行。 He walks when he might take a taxi.,6、 no matter+疑问词、疑问词+ever For example: 为了表示尊重，我们无论与谁握手，都常常将手套摘下。 To show our respect, we usually have to take off our gloves, whoever/ no matter who we are to shake hands with. 我会尊重任何尊重我的人。 I will show respect to whoever respects me.,7、 as as引导让步状语从句时，从句要用部分倒装语序。基本结构如下： A、形容词/副词/名词+as+主+谓，主句 B、动词+as+主+情态动词/助动词，主句 注 作表语的单数名词放在句首时，该名词前不可加定冠词或者不定冠词 For example: 他虽有耐心，但也不愿等三个小时。 Patient as he was, he was unwilling to wait for three hours. 尽管我很尊重他，但却不同意他的建议。 Much as I respect him, I dont agree to his advice. 虽然他还