【高考辅导资料】2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题二_完形填空之议论文

2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题二 完形填空之议论文（3）（新课标）三、议论文【体裁诠释】 议论文是高考完形填空中较难的文章。议论文由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。有着较强的说教目的和一定的语言深度。 议论文完形填空的特点：结构清晰、脉络有序。 有些议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 还有些议论文先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点。然后再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。 此外，也有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，然后通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。 抓住论点是理解议论文的关键所在。 可以从以下几个角度寻找或概括中心论点：分析论点所在的位置。题目。有的文章题目本身就是中心论点；开头。有的文章在开头直接提出中心论点，然后逐层论述；中间。有的文章在论述过程中提出中心论点，这种情况较少；结尾。有的文章通过论述，在文章结尾处归纳出全文的中心论点。 论据是论点赖以存在的根据，一般分为事实论据和道理论据。阅读议论文，要学会分析论点与论据的关系、论据在证明论点时所起的作用。事实论据，应该分析作者所提供的事实，从事实中发现道理，再验证它与作者的论点的逻辑关系。道理论据，应该从道理论据出发联系和道理对应的事实，来验证这些道理如何证明论点。 要做好高考完形填空中的议论文，最主要的是要抓住作者议论的中心，也就是要理清文章的论点、论据和论证。【典例探究】（2010广东卷）Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors, doors may have_ 21 _functions and purposes which lead to _22_ differences. When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different_23_ and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to_ 24_the building. This was new to me, because we use the _25_ door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.The way of using school bus doors was also _26_ to me .I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, _27 _who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on _ 28_ . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I_ 29_tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_ 30 _ _,and my face went red.21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing23. A. exits B. entrances C. signs D. doors24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close 25. A. main B. same C. front D. back26. A. annoying B. hard C. satisfying D. strange27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier29. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited 【答案解析】21. 【解析】选A。考查形容词。从下文的distinct functions，可知是不同功能，A 不同的，B 重要的，C 实践的，D不寻常的。22. 【解析】选C。考查形容词。从开头总括句“Every country has its own culture.”和下文举例两个门功能不同可以看出。A 国家的，B 尴尬的，C文化的，D惊奇的。23. 【解析】选C。考查名词。从上下文的-the word “PUSH”-the word“PULL”和two different可知选C。A 出口，B 入口，C标志，D门。24. 【解析】选A。 考查动词。从上下文push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word“PULL” to_ 24_the building相对的动作可知此处意为进入。A 进入，B 离开，C打开，D关闭。25. 【解析】选B。 考查形容词。由上文When I first came to America, I noticed有两个门, This was new to me, 可暗示出我们在韩国用同一个门，故选B项。26. 【解析】选D。考查形容词。 由上文第三段知：This was new to me; The way . was also _26_ to me .可知这种方式也是奇怪的。A讨厌的， B畏难的， C满意的， D陌生的。27. 【解析】选B考查名词。 由下文的并列句“students who were getting on .”可知。A 父母，B学生，C老师，D司机。28. 【解析】选B。考查形容词比较级。从上文并列句who were getting off the bus should get off first, -who were getting on should get on _ 28_.可知此处与first相对，故选B项。A 很快，B较晚，C更快，D较早。29. 【解析】选C。考查副词。从上文In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off.所以作者已经形成了习惯,已经是无意识地做了。A 礼貌地，B耐心地，C无意识地，D慢慢地。30. 【解析】选A。考查形容词。 从上文For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.和I was totally_ 30 _ ,and my face went red.A项，尴尬的；B项，恼怒的；C项，不满意的；D项，兴奋的。【跟踪演练】1（2011江苏省无锡市高三期中）People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 36 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 37 ; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all of these methods 38 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 39 in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 40 that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the person must 41 the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 42 the parts that are wrong.Now the person must look for 43 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 44 . solutions. For example, suppose Sam 45 that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.After 46 the problem, the person should have 47 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 48 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes, buy new brakes and change the old ones.In the end, one 49 seems to be the solution 50 the problem. Sometimes the 51 idea comes quite 52 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 53 way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake. He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must 54 the brake.Finally the solution is 55 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.36Aserious Busual Csimilar Dcommon37Apractising Bthinking Cunderstanding Dhelping38Afail Bwork Cchange Ddevelop39Aways Bconditions Cstages Dorders40Aexplain Bprove Cshow Dsee41Ajudge Bfind Cdescribe Dface42Acheck Bdetermine Ccorrect Drecover43Aanswers Bskills Cexplanation Dinformation44Apossible Bexact Creal Dspecial45Ahopes Bargues Cdecides Dsuggests46Adiscussing Bsettling down Ccomparing with Dstudying47Aexact Benough Cseveral Dcountless48Aonce Bagain Calso Dalone49Asuggestion Bconclusion Cdecision Ddiscovery50Awith Binto Cfor Dto51Anext Bclear Cfinal Dnew52Aunexpectedly Blate Cclearly Doften53Asimple Bdifferent Cquick Dsudden54Aclean Bseparate Cloosen Dremove55Arecorded Bcompleted Ctested Daccepted2、（2010甘肃省天水一中三模）A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A 21 friend is someone who stays with you for life”. 22 teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily 23. It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place 24 enough for true friendship to develop. However, there can be 25 disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kind of friendship we want. To most of us, friendships are considered very important, 26 we need to have it clear in our minds the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or 27 at arms length? Do we want to 28 ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are 29 enough. And thats all right. But at some 30 we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends expectations. The sharing of personal experience including our tears as well as our dark 31 is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must 32 slowly and carried on only if there are 33 of interest and action in return. What are some of the 34 of our friendship? The greatest is to 35 too much too soon. Deep relationships 36 time. Another “major difficulty” is the selfishness to think one “possesses” the other, including his time and attention. 37 , friendships require actions in return. In other words, you must 38 as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. Unless you spend 39 time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die 40 .21. A. true B. fair-weather C. school D. useful22. A. Knowledge B. Experience C. Hardship D. Schooling23. A. understood B. formed C. realized D. produced24. A. certain B. patiently C. long D. fortunately25. A. some B. any C. great D. no26. A. but B. and C. or D. while27. A. remained B. left C. kept D. stayed28. A. hide B. deepen C. strengthen D. share29. A. quite B. not C. less D. very30. A. degree B. point C. places D. length31. A. clothes B. clouds C. dreams D. letters32. A. be undertaking B. have been undertaking C. have been undertaken D. be undertaken33. A. marks B. signs C. sciences D. sights34. A. disadvantages B. differences C. difficulties D. requirements35. A. expect B. pull out .command D. develop36. A. waste B. spend C. kill D. take37. A. Similarly B. Differently C. Strangely D. Surprisingly38. A. give B. possess C. act D. walk39. A. considerate B. wonderful C. reasonable D. comfortable40. A. down B. away C. out D. off3、 Happiness is what everyone looks for. 1 someone says that he is happy. However, 2 makes him happy may not work for others. And even 3 , someone may spend all his life looking for happiness, but in vain. In the past, I tried my best to make myself happy. I thought if I could 4 get and do what I wanted to, I would be happy. Certainly, it was 5 , but I was disappointed. Though I could be happy at 6 , I couldnt keep my happiness for a long time. Why? One day, when I told a friend of mine what I 7 about happiness, he smiled and said only a few words, “Happiness is not a 8 thing but a by-product ( 副产品). ” I was surprised, but he was really 9 . Someone thinks money can 10 everything, but when he becomes a millionaire after his hard work, perhaps he will find that he has new 11 . And he has to go to church for 12 . Sometimes love can bring happiness, but at other times it 13 misunderstanding, tiredness, and even quarrelling. Happiness is only a by-product of all 14 of things you love to do. You can not 15 it in a straight way. That is, it is not a thing 16 in the material form but in your senses. You should tell yourself, “ I do not 17 whether I am happy or not. But I must love 18 . ” And one day you will 19 find happiness itself has quietly 20 . 1. A. Maybe B. Once C. Then D. And2. A. who B. what C. it D. this3. A. more B. now C. worse D. so4. A. often B. reallyC. hardly D. frequently5. A. important B. necessaryC. unnecessary D. possible6. A. present B. all C. times D. last7. A. did B. thought C. learned D. discovered8. A. single B. simple C. common D. strange9. A. lying B. stupid C. right D. foolish10. A. get B. make C. produce D. bring11. A. wishes B. demandsC. worries D. business12. A. help B. God C. comfort D. rest13. A. suggests B. happensC. seems D. causes14. A. fields B. types C. kinds D. forms15. A. have B. grasp C. search D. discover16. A. floating B. existingC. coming D. surrounding17. A. mind B. know C. ask D. wonder18. A. life B. family C. happiness D. health19. A. hardly B. suddenly C. never D. often20. A. disappeared B. missedC. lost D. arrived4、 If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 1 in your work would depend, to 2 great extent, 3 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. 4 the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 5 begins a job convinced that he isnt going to like it or is 6 that he is going to fail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 7 his belief that he is probably as capable 8 doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt 9 it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. 10 the prerequisite(必须的) skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who cant add or a carpenter who cant cut a straight line with a saw 11 hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize 12 the strength and overcome the 13 that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to measure your development, you must first 14 stock of somewhere you stand now. 15 we get further along in the book, well be 16 in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 17 skills. However, 18 begin with, you should pause 19 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 20 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits. 1. A. improvement B. victoryC. failure D. achievement2. A. a B. the C. some D. certain3. A. in B. on C. of D. to4. A. Out of B. Of C. To D. Into5. A. who B. what C. that D. which6. A. ensure B. certain C. sure D. surely7. A. onto B. on C. off D. in8. A. to B. at C. of D. for9. A. near B. on C. by D. at10. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been11. A. being B. been C. are D. is12. A. except B. but C. for D. on13. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage14. A. make B. take C. do D. give15. A. As B. Till C. Over D. Out16. A. deal B. dealt C. be dealt D. dealing17. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn18. A. around B. to C. from D. beside19. A. to B. onto C. into D. with20. A. intelligence B. workC. attitude D. weakness5、 The position of children in American family and society is no longer what it used to be. The 1 family in colonial （殖民时期的） North America was mainly concerned with survival and 2 that, its own economic prosperity. Thus, children were 3 in terms of their productivity （生产能力）, and they played the role of producer quite early. 4 they fulfilled this role, their position in the family was one of subordination（附属）. With the 5 of the society, the position of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex and technological society 6 the United States has become, each 7 must fulfill a number of personal and occupational 8 and be in contact with many other members. 9 , viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are 10 more as people in their own right than as those of subordination. This acceptance of children as 11 participants in the family is reflected in various laws 12 the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs. This new 13 of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also 14 an increasing interest in childraising techniques. People today spend much time 15 the proper way to 16 children. Nowadays, the socialization of the child in the United States is a 17 transaction （事务）between parent and child 18 a one-way, parent-to-child training 19 . As a consequence, socializing children and 20 with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems. 1. A. poor B. ordinaryC. happy D. wealthy2. A. except B. for C. beyond D. through3. A. supported B. receivedC. encouraged D. valued4. A. UntilB. After C. Although D. When5. A. movementB. achievementC. development D. requirement6. A. that B. where C. when D. what7. A. parent B. member C. family D. relative8. A. purposes B. promises C. roles D. tasks9. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Therefore10. A. admired B. regarded C. made D. respected 11. A. willing B. equal C. similar D. common12. A. enjoying B. preventingC. considering D. protecting13. A. view