环境工程专业英语chapter1.ppt

English for Environmental Engineering,I Description of Course: credit:1.8 duration of course: 8 weeks test mode:exam (20%+80%) (20%=translation excises +mini-project+attendance) II Description of Lecturer quality-20 working years experience in environmental science and master degree in environmental management as well as top 1 translator for environmental science in Chongqing.,Personality-friendly, simple, hardworking, hate any forms of cheating ,I prefer being your friend rather than your teacher. Expectation for studentsyou can change your attitude on studying English, from disliking English to enjoying English . III How to make use of this course? Goal: improvement of reading, translation, writing and presentation skill in English for environmental science Focus for Each Chapter: -new words and expressions,-access to background knowledgy on each chapter -understanding of concepts involved in each chapter -questions and discussions realated to topics in each chapter -translation exercise,Types of activities: learning-based classes, case study, workshop, translation exercise, watching video related to environmental issue. Briefing final examination 1)everyone can pass if you keep notes in the classes no matter whether you are good or poor in English; 2)for several students who often are in the absence of classes, I will intend to make them fail exam unless you can do very well in the exam.,IV Recommendations on how to improve your English ability for environmental science -Transfer from grammar-oriented reading to applied English -preparation of an English dictionary for environmental science -regularly visit environmental website and access to environmental information http:/www.ends.co.uk ,-Learning new words in the readings rather than remembering new words individually -practice your presentation skill through workshop V Testing your existing English ability for helping my understanding your English level Translations: 1 Evidence shows that poverty-related urban environmental issues tend to improve as the economy develops and income grows,2 These impacts include overconsumption of resources, loss of biodiversity, increased amounts and treatment of municipal wastes and increased CO2 emissions. 3 Professor G. Solt has underestimated the effects on the environment and public health of tons of carbon dioxide pouring into the atmosphere 4 Some measures are required to be taken in the future to reduce the anticipated environmental degradation 5 环境影响评价可以定义为一种用来预测开发项目的环境后果的方法,6 移动污染源对空气污染的贡献是30% 7 当污水排入河流，河流就被污染了 8 一个生态系统包含了生活在一个地区的不同生物，以及他们的自然环境。,Part I Introduction to Environmental Engineering,Unit 1 Background to Environment Academic objectives: After the completion of Unit I, the students should be able to : -new words and expressions -understand some basic concepts related to environment -understand how systems interacts -classify environmental problems I Definitions,1 Environment: 1) the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded; 2)the totality of circumstances surrounding an organism or group of organisms 2 System a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole Please give some examples of a system 3 Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of contaminants -,into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms II Interaction of systems 1 Individual system problem-air, water, land, easily managed 2 Interaction of systems: for example: acid rain,power station, smelters, automobile exhaust-SO2, NOx emissions-transport-washing-acid rain-harmful to aquatic life,forest, public health. (more examples are given by students) III Environmental Disturbance 1 Discussion: make a list of living standard improvement which disturbs environment(side effects) 2 the relationship between human activities and environment.,Conclusion:industrialization and urbanization are fundamental causes of water and air pollution IV Types of Global Environmental Problems 1 global warming 2 loss of biodiversity 3 pollution (air ,water and land) 4 depletion of ozone layer 5 deforestation 6 desertifcation 7 Aicd rain 8 trasnboundary shipment of hazardous wastes,V Useful expression and new words: 1 how to define a term -to be defined as . -xxx means -The definition of xxx is -Xxx refers to 2 in(out of ) harmony with 与协调（一致） 3 waterborne diseases（水传播疾病）, airborne disease（空气污染传播疾病） 4 stem from .起源于,New words: 农药pesticide, 化肥chemical fertilizer ,有机废物 organic wastes, 微生物microorganism,衰减decay, 稀释dilution,添加剂 additives, 合成塑料synthetic plastic,再生 recycle ，死亡率mortality， 发病率incidence,Exercises based on information from Unit I 1Which of the followings are Not regarded as waterborne disease? a) dysentery b) cholera c)typhoid d) asthma 2 Which of the followings are Not regarded as global environmental problems? a) loss of biodiversity b)depletion of ozone c) diminish of fossil fuels d)photochemical smog,3 Which of the followings may lead to acid rain problem a) lead particles b)carbon dioxide c)sulfur dioxide d) cooking oil 4 which of the following chemicals lead to the depletion of ozone layer ? a)carbon dioxide b)chloro-fluoro carbons c)nitrogen d)water vapor CO2、CH4、N2O、HFC氯氟甲烷、PFC全氟化物、SF6硫氟化物,Unit 2 Historical Review of Hazardous Substance Disposal in the USA,After the completion of Unit 2, the students should be able to understand: - new wrods and expressions -concept and classification of hazardous wastes; - hazardous wastes management practice in the USA - health effects of hazardous wastes 1 Background information -1920（early industrial period-the World War 2)， -1962 (“silence spring” by RACHEL CARSON),-1966 Eatsblishment of EPA -1978 RCRA Act -1.1definition: hazardous wastes 1) is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment,2)In regulatory, a RCRA hazardous wastes is a waste that appears on one of the four hazardous wastes lists(F-list, K-list, P-list or U-list) or exhibits at least one of four characteristics ignitability, corrosion, reactivity, or toxicity 1.2hazardous wastes producer big industries:automobiles, computer manufacturers small business: cleaners, photo labs 1.3 driver for the increased production of organic chemicals and metals demand for consumer goods and valuable heavy metals,for example:the use of pesticides, herbicides and insecticides as well as a broad range of fertilizer help US farm productivity 1.3 production quantity of hazardous wastes: -2400 pounds produced by average American -50,000 land sites 1.4 hazardous wastes disposal practice before and after 1966(creation of EPA) -before 1966: dumpling hazardous wastes into rivers and streams after 1966: disposal sites, unregulated dumps,1.5 Enactment of the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act in 1978(RCRA) It forces American industry to be responsible for hazardous waste disposal 2 New Words and Expressions Pesticides农药herbicides 除草剂 insecticides杀虫剂 hazardous 有害的 Heavy metal重金属, growth rate增长率, organic solvent有机溶剂, sewer 污水管 legislation立法 literature 文献,j,-prior to .在之前 -result in .发生，产生 similar expression: lead to, bring about -have an obligation to do sth . similar expression: to be responsible for -a lack of -have insight into 许多化学品的不适当处置给许多市民带来了健康问题 美国的企业有责任处理其内部产生的有害废物 由于缺乏有效的经济激励,空气污染法得不到有效执行,当时政府里没有一个当政的人洞察到新机构成立所带来的问题 3 Case study on Health effects of hazardous wastes 3.1 Case 1 Minamata Disaster ,induced by mercury pollution 3.2 Case 2 Ita Ita disease,induced by chromium pollution 4 Exercise based on information from Unit II 1)which of the following characteristics is not related to hazardous wastes a)inflammable b) reactive c)biodegradable d) toxic 2) which of the following led to the enactment of American RCRA ?,a)photochemical smog accident b)unregulated dumping of hazardous wastes c)mercury pollution d) increased mortality 3) The adverse health problems from hazardous wastes can be a) birth defects b)cancer c) skin rashes d)heart disease 4) Silence Spring tells pollution caused by use of 1)heavy metals 2)pesticide 3) pertrolium 4) additives 5) Ita-Ita disease in Japan was caused by a) mercury pollution b)arsenic pollution c)chromium pollution d)PCB pollution,5) Minamata Disaster was caused by a) mercury pollution b)arsenic pollution c)cyanide pollution d)PCB pollution,Unit 3 What is Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization,-After the completion of Unit 3, the students should be able to understand: -new words and expression -principals of waste reduction/waste minimization -somce concepts related to waste reduction/waste minimization -hierarachy of waste management -techniques of waste reduction/minimization,I Background information 1 Basic concepts Waste minimization:the reduction to the extent feasible, of waste that is generated or subsequentlt treated, stored, or disposed Recyling: The use or reuse of a waste as a substitute for a commercial product or as a feedback to an industrial process,II Classification of Techniques for waste reduction/waste minimization -product changes -process changes -equipment modifications -operating practices -recycling and reuse （closedloop）,III Questions and Discussions 1 propose solutions to domestic solid wastes 2 describe a hierarchy of waste management IV Exercies 1 In waste management hierarachy, recyling ranks 1) No 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 1 2 The technigues to waste minimization includes: 1) process changes 2) equipment modification 3)operating practice 4)all of them,Unit 4 Environmental Analysis,After the completion of this unit, the students need to understand: -new words and expression -definition of environmental analysis - types of environmental analysis - data requirement in environmental analysis -types of sampling,1 Environmenta analysis : it refers to the performance of chemical, physical and biological measurement in an environmental system 2 Types of environmental analysis 1)quantitative analysis-to identify the species p