《虚拟语气讲解》PPT课件.ppt

The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were),主语+should,would, might,could动词 原形,If+主语+had +过去分词,主语should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语should, would might, could动词 原形,eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.,如果我是你，我就会努力学习,如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了,如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛,If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.,If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.,If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.,More practice:,使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：, 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.,If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.,如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了,如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了,Eg. 1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month.,2.You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.,3. If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,错综时间虚拟条件句:,考题点击 1.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 2.-Jenny ,how was your trip to Beijing? -Oh, I missed it. I wish I _ my vocation there. A. am spending B.will spend C.have spent D.had spent 3.-Robin told me that he would leave tonight. -what a pity! My brother wishes that he _ with him for a chat. A. can stay B. will stay C. had stayed D. would stay,省略句 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式,If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.,考题点击： _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(2006湖北.31) A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2. Were right away, you would arrive there by 5 oclock p.m. A. Would you leave B. Will you leave C. Were you to leave D. If youll leave 3. Had the boy worked harder, he _ the exams. A. must have got though B. could get though C. ought to get though D. would have got though,有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for”和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive now.,Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.,She would leave her husband except for children. 如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的,考题点击： 1.What a kind teacher! But for your help,I _ my study. A.wouldnt finish B.wouldnt have finished C.shouldnt have finished D. mustnt have finished,2. I supported him in time,otherwise he _ off the bike. A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen,3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have been begun C. had not begun D. would not have begun,if only,过去完成时,一般过去时,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,could + 完成时,（4）if only 从句 if only 要是.该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好,If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in time.,would /could/might +动词原形,对将来虚拟,比较if only与only if ,only if 表示“只有”； Eg. I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 考题点击： 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see,2._ I had explored space in shen Zhou spaceship! A.If only B. Now that C. With the help D.In spite of that 3. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (lie 躺，lay, lain),二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用,（1）用于宾语从句,、wish 后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：,表现在 过去时 与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) 表过去 过去完成时 与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done 表将来 与将来事实相反 would, might, could动词原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose;六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意,那个人坚持说他没有偷钱,考题点击： Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形” should可以省略,（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.,A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,（3）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中,B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.,C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that句型中从 句也常用(should )+动词原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中 要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。,My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.,1)表语从句:,2)同位语从句:,I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考题点击： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped 3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,as if/as though,过去完成时,一般过去时,Would /could/might +动词原形,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,对将来虚拟,Eg. They talked as if they had been friends for years. She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child. She looks as though he had been ill. It looks as if it might rain.,五、状语从句中的虚拟语气,考题点击： 1. We felt as if we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing 2. It is so cool as if it _ autumn. A. be B. was C. were D. had been,几种特殊句式的虚拟语气:,would rather + do something(宁愿做某事),would rather+ 句子(虚拟),过去完成时,一般过去时,一般过去时,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,对将来虚拟,I would rather you posted the letter right away. I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. Id rather she hadnt done that.,It is (high, about, low) time that,一般过去时,should + 动词原形,此处的should一般不省略,注意: 此句型与下面的句型的区别:,It is time for somebody to do something. It is the first time that从句 现在完成时 It was the first time that从句 过去完成时,It is time for us to have dinner. It is (about/high) time that we had dinner.,It is the first that he have gone there. It was the first time that he had gone there.,Would you mind + if从句中谓语动词一般用一般过去时.,Would you mind if I opened the window? 如果我打开窗户, 你不反对吗? Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你不介意吧?,注意: would you mind doing sth. Would you mind my smoking?,1.Henry would rather his mother _ in the school where he is studying. A.not work B. not worked C. didnt work D.not working 2.Isnt it time that you _ someones life _ earlier? A.will make; a bit B.made; a lot of C.made;a bit D.have; a little,考题点击：,1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略,三、虚拟语气在其他从句中,It is high time that you went / should go to school.,2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,3. would rather + 从句 动词用过去式或过去完成时,I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.,4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).,He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.,He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it,5. even if ( even though)即使,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,四 情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- - - might have done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。 You shouldnt have told her the truth . neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了 I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本来会去做-,我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was,C,A,A,A,5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have,B,B,c,A,高考链接: 1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she wo