《分词的独立主格》PPT课件.ppt

分词的独立主格结构： 在一般情况下，分词做状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语相一致，否则分词可有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立分词结构。独立主格一般位于句首，也可以位于句尾。分词的独立主格构成形式为：n/pron (逻辑主语 ) +V-ing/V-ed，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。 EG: So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (时间状语) The holidays being over, they began to get down to do their work again. (时间状语) Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable. (条件状语) He stood there quietly, his hands crossed before him. (方式状语) He took off his shoes and crept up the stairs, without any steps being heard. (伴随状语), 另外一种情况： 用“ with+n./pron.的宾格+ V-ing/V-ed（或adj. 、prep. 短语）”表示伴随情况的独立主格结构。 EG: With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a very good plan. He fell asleep with the lamp burning. He sleeps with the windows open even in winter. She entered the train station, with a bag in her hand., 独立主格结构与分词做状语： 独立主格主要是运用分词来实现的，在主句中起状语作用两者的区别在于：状语中分词的逻辑主语与主句主语是否一致分词做状语时，其逻辑主语和谓语动词的主语一致；否则分词必须有自己的主语，而这种带主语的分词结构就是分词的独立主格结构试比较： Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. (=When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.) Heated, ice will be changed into water. (=When it is heated ) The train having stopped, the soldiers continued their march. His leg wounded, he could not walk fast.,If weather _(permit) tomorrow, well go picnicking. Weather _(permit) ,we ill go picnicking tomorrow. 特别提醒: 独立主格解题思路 英语的句子只能有一个sentence级层的主谓结构(可以是并列主语或并列谓语).如果在一个句子中出现了两个主谓结构，那就必须安排好两者的关系: 要么加上平行并列关系词(and, but)组成并列句;要么把其中一个句子变成另外一个的从属成分(从句-clause或者独立主格结构), 形成主句和从属成分的级层关系.变成从属成分的方法就是: (1) 给其中一个句子加上表示它们之间逻辑关系的连接词if, when, while, as, because, though等. (2) 把两个主谓结构间的逻辑关系以独立主格结构的方式显示出来. 如a句是已经有了主从逻辑关系词的主谓结构,permit可以以从句谓语的形式出现(permits) ;b句违反了”一山不容两虎”的原则又没有表示从属关系的词,所以必须以独立主格这种从属结构完成., 有些分词已经转化为固定说法或介词短语, 也就是说可以独立使用,不受逻辑主语的 影响. 这类短语有: according to, judging from, talking of, allowing for, owing to, coming to, getting back to, leaving, concerning, adv.+speaking, (EG: generally speaking, frankly speaking, honestly speaking.) EG: According to an English proverb, he knows best what good is that has endured evil. Talking of this f