《句子的翻译-谓语》PPT课件.ppt

谓语的确定,首先看谓语表意是否准确、贴切(meaning) 必须关照谓语与主语的语义关联以及主谓词语的搭配(collacation with subject) 也须考虑谓语与宾语的搭配，包括连系动词与表语的搭配，以及搭配的修辞效果。 (collacation with object),首先看谓语表意是否准确、贴切,中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。 The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR. The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR. 中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。 The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy. The economy of China will converge with that of the world.,首先看谓语表意是否准确、贴切,这事到了现在，还是时时记起。 Even now, this remains fresh in my memory. Even now, I still often think about this. 我们大为惊奇的是，那幢经受强烈的地震而幸存下来的唯一的建筑物竟是砖木结构的。 To our great surprise, the only building that survived the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure. To our great surprise, the only building that fortunately existed after the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure.,必须关照谓语与主语的语义关联以及主谓词语的搭配,世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. 现在，连我们也欠饷啊！ Nowadays even our monthly pay is often in arrears. Nowadays even we arent always paid on time.,必须关照谓语与主语的语义关联以及主谓词语的搭配,在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。 When they talk to the press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree. You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press. （现在上海人的传统形象开始起了变化，）他们的言语和行动都充满了信心和自豪。 Their words and actions are filled with confidence and pride. They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.,也须考虑谓语与宾语的搭配,我又闲了一个多月啦！ Ive been idle for another month now. Another month now and Ive had no work. (颐和园)1900年遭八国联军破坏，（至1903年才得以恢复）。 The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers. The palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.,也须考虑谓语与宾语的搭配,她们（指“时装模特”）逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。 They gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence, and Gradually, they calmed down and regained self-confidence. 封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替封建主义，社会主义经历一个过程发展后必然代替资本主义。 Feudal society replaced slave society, capitalism supplanted feudalism, and, after a long time, socialism will necessarily supersede capitalism.,也须考虑谓语与宾语的搭配,（一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化）第一次是辛亥革命，第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，第三次是改革开放 The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911 The second change was marked by the founding of the Peoples Republic of China The third change was featured by the reform, opening up ,谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要 (sentence structure),选择谓语时考虑构句需要，指译文必须遵守英语语法规范，遵循“主谓一致”的原则，保证谓语和主语的人称和数一致，谓语动词时态、语态正确，句式连贯顺畅，表达地道自然。,谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要,一年年，燕子来了去了 一年年，阶前草绿了黄了 Year after year the swallows come and go; Year after year the grass before the terrace grows green, yellows. 九斤老太早已做过八十大寿，仍然不平而且康健。六斤的双丫角，已经成为一支大辫子了。 Old Mrs. Ninepounder celebrated her eightieth birthday some time ago and is as full of complains, as hale and hearty as ever. Sixpounders twin tufts of hair have changed into a thick braid.,谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要,他给我的印象是，态度非常呆板僵硬，仿佛肚子里吞下了一根拨火棒似的。 He had given me the impression of absolute rigidity, as though he had swallowed a poker. 河边枯柳树下的几株瘦削的一丈红，该是村女种的吧。 The few sparse hollyhocks beneath the withered willows by the stream must have been planted by the country girls.,谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要,农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。 If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.,谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要,思想 是炉火， 炉火是墙上的树影， 是冬夜的声音。 Thoughts Are the fire in a stove, The fire in a stove is the trees shadow on the wall. And the sound in the winter night.,谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要,关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。 Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants. The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.,谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要,液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之，无论你把它放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器内壁的形状完全一样。 Since a liquid has no definite shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container. In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container.,选择谓语要注意时态、人称和数的变化,过去的五十年并不是发明创新的黄金时期。 The past fifty years was not really a golden age for inventions and creations. 实行改革开放以来改变了过去封闭半封闭状态，提高了我国经济水平。 Since China started to implement the policy of reform and opening up to the outside, its total or semi-closure has been changed and the level of its economy has been raised.,常常选择汉语原文的动词谓语作英语译文的谓语，但是选择谓语需要注意“瞻前顾后”,中国加入世贸组织以后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。 After Chinas entry into WTO, more opportunities will be created for the participation of foreign entrepreneurs in the investments in China and larger space for their own development. 迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法。 So far, there has been no way which is more effective and reliable than exams in education.,对汉语中名词、数量词、形容词等可以作谓语的情况，一般可以用英语的“系表结构”来翻译,投资规模偏大。 The investment scale is too large. 很多道路太窄。 Many of the roads are too narrow.,如果汉语原文有明显的被动意味，则应该选择对应的谓语动词，并且用英语的“被动结构”来翻译,此外，对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们，他们目前的生活状况必须改善。 Furthermore, the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from poverty. “学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。 Learning may mean that a number of small independent acts are arranged in a new order.,如果汉语原文有明显的被动意味，则应该选择对应的谓语动词，并且用英语的“被动结构”来翻译,美国的经济体制主要是围绕着私人企业和以市场为导向而建立起来的。 The economic system of U.S.A. is mainly set up centering on the private enterprises and market orientation. 他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。 Their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally.,如果汉语原文有明显的被动意味，则应该选择对应的谓语动词，并且用英语的“被动结构”来翻译,各国的人权问题主要由各国政府和人民自己来解决，世界的人权问题要由世界各国政府和人民共同参与来解决。 Each countrys human rights problem should be solved mainly by its own government and people, while that of the world by governments and people from all over the world together.,用分词和不定式等非谓语动词来翻译次要动词 市政府于去年底启动了一项“净空”工程，关闭了大气污染严重的企业。 The municipal governm