定从和主语的选择.ppt

,定语从句的翻译,一、前置法 二、省略法 三、重复法 四、融合法 五、定语状语转换法,一、前置法 1. The fine would serve as a warning to other motorists who drove without due care. 罚款对于驾车不够小心的司机可以起到警告作用。 2. The era of globalization has begun with new communication and information technologies, and capital could flow freely to those regions, industries and companies that promise the best returns. 随着通信和信息技术的发展，全球化时代已经到来，资本可以自由地流向有望获得最大收益的地区、产业和公司。,二、省略法 3. One of the features of London is the number of big stores, most of which are to be found in or near the West End. 伦敦的一大特色是大商店多，大多数位于西区及周边地区。 4. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. 美国报纸和其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊，聚焦实事新闻，分析国际时事。,5. Scientists have been devoted to developing high-yield rice varieties that sparked the green revolution in the 1970s. 科学家致力于开发高产水稻品种，从而引发了20世纪70年代的绿色革命。 三、重复法 6. The high-tech explosion has created a new group of workers that like challenge and treasure the independence and the diversity of work. 高科技迅速发展，造就了一批新的员工，他们喜欢挑战，珍视独立和工作的多样性。,7. Cambridge University has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Milton, Byron and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind. 剑桥大学培养出了牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文这样伟大的科学家、思想家和诗人，他们为人类的进步做出了杰出的贡献。 8. Not long from now, the seemingly endless expansion of computer power that has propelled the digital revolution of the past two decades will stop unless major breakthroughs take place. 电脑的能量似乎在无止境地扩大，推动了过去20年的革命，然而在不久的将来，如果没有大的突破，这种扩大将会终止。,四、融合法 9. The idea that the family is the traditional unit of society is challenged by American youth who are increasingly turning down marriage. 家庭是社会的传统组成成分，而美国青年越来越拒绝婚姻，使这种观念受到了挑战。 10. Apple pie is a favorite sweet, and English puddings, of which there are various types, are an excellent ending to a meal, especially in winter. 苹果馅饼是人们喜爱的甜点，而英国布丁品种多样，用作一餐的最后一道点心再好不过，尤其在冬天更是如此。 11. Technology is creating a global economy that is supplanting the old national economies. （1）由技术带来的经济全球化正在取代旧有的民族经济。 （2） 技术正在使经济日趋全球化，这种经济形式正在取代旧有的民族经济。,12. Foundations are based on the money that would otherwise go to the government in taxes. 基金会所依赖的资金本来会以税收的形式上缴政府。 13. The trend of home working is surging in the field of finance where trading can be done via the Internet. 在金融界可以通过互联网进行交易，居家工作的潮流正在金融界兴起。 14. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. 通常热带地区阳光强烈，而其他地区海水蒸发量不如热带地区那么大，因此这些地区海水咸度要高些。,五、定语状语转换法 15. Einstein, who worked out the famous Theory of Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in 1921. 爱因斯坦由于创立了著名的相对论，于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖。 16. There was no respect even for Einstein in Hitlers Germany, who only wanted to think of the problems beyond time and space and politics. （1）爱因斯坦一心只想考虑超越时空和政治的问题，但是希特勒统治下的德国，就连他也得不到尊重。 （2）希特勒统治下的德国，就连爱因斯坦也得不到尊重，因为他一心只想考虑超越时空和政治的问题。,17. The danger of a recession in world trade that could hit all countries cannot be ignored, but it would bear most heavily on the weakest partners in the world economy. 因为经济衰退的危险可能冲击到所有的国家，所以不容忽视，但是受到冲击最大的将是世界经济中最为弱小的国家。,主语的选择,一、英译汉中主语的选择,（一）There be结构主语的选择 1、In the 1960s there was a change in fashion in favor of small cars. (1) 20世纪60年代出现了一个变化，人们崇尚小型汽车。 (2) 20世纪60年代，时尚起了变化，人们开始喜欢小汽车。 (3) 20世纪60年代，时尚起了变化，小汽车受到人们的青睐。 2、There are a lot of pine trees on the slope of the hill. 山坡上长着许多松树。 3、There sits a flower bed in the middle of the garden. 园子中央有一座花坛。,4There are four types of sentences in terms of structure: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. 按结构分，句子有四类：简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。 5There are over twenty printing errors. 印刷错误有二十多处。,6There may be a chance to win. 可能还有赢的机会。 7Theres going to be a fine day. 天要晴了。 8There can never be any discussion as to the consequences of corruption. 无需讨论腐败的后果。 9There was expected to be strong disagreement on the matter. 对这件事的看法，估计有很大的分歧。,10There is a persistent demand on the part of parents for an attack on pornographic publications. 家长一直要求对色情出版物进行打击。 11There is a growing concern over the population growth. 人们对人口的迅速增长越来越关注。 12There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. 人人喜笑颜开，步履轻快。,（二）倒装句主语的选择 1、Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了恶战。 2、To this class belongs the most astonishing work that the author accomplished. 作者写就的那部惊世骇俗之作便是属于这一类。 3、So bright was the moon that the flowers were as bright as by day. 月色皎洁，照得花朵像白天一样鲜艳。,4In the middle of the rectangular-shaped courtyard stood three magnolia trees, all in full bloom. 长方形的院子里长着三株盛开的白玉兰。 5Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles, turkeys and toys. 货品中有圣诞树、花卉、蜡烛、火鸡和玩具。 6Just as necessary for us as knowledge are social experiences. 对我们来说，和知识同样必需的是社会经历。,（三）英语中抽象概念作主语的翻译 7The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the lack of the information media. 农村因为地处偏僻，交通不便，与外界隔绝。而通讯工具的缺乏，使农村更为闭塞。 8Improved housing has also contributed to a sharpened sense of aesthetics. 改善居室环境也有助于增强审美意识。 9His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他疲惫不堪，天气又越来越热，于是想就近找个阴凉的地方，坐下歇会儿。,10An awed hush fell upon the bystanders. 旁观者吓得大气也不敢出。 11A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. (1) 从办公室窗口望去，他可以看见华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全景。 (2) 从他的办公室窗口望出去，华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂尽收眼底。 12The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 我走在厚厚的地毯上，声息全无。,13His action was prompted by the fear of being attacked. 他这样做是因为害怕受到攻击。 14. His real interests lie outside work in his love of music. (1) 他真正的兴趣在工作之外，在于他所钟爱的音乐。 (2) 他真正的兴趣是在工作之外，在于他对音乐得喜好。 (3) 他最喜欢在工作之余，尽情欣赏音乐。,二、汉译英中主语的选择,1、什么都不能束缚你。 Youre bound by nothing. 2、 在美国，人人都能够买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy guns. In the United States, guns are available to everyone. 3、 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the internet. This information is available on the internet.,4、他突然想到了一个新主意。 He suddenly thought out a new idea. Suddenly he had a new idea. A new idea suddenly occurred to him. 5、谁也不能以不懂法律来为自己辩解。 Ignorance of the law excuses no man.,（一）汉语单句 1、我们对两国关系的顺利发展，特别是经济技术合作的不断扩大，感到满意。 We are gratified with the smooth development of relations between two countries and particularly the steady growth of our economic and technological cooperation. 2、我们进行政治体制改革，要有利于维护国家统一、民族团结、社会稳定。 The political reform should be conducted in such a manner as to promote national reunification, unity and social stability.,3、当前，世界经济贸易形势总体趋好。 (1) At present, the overall trend in the worlds economic and trade situation is getting better. (2) At present, the worlds economic and trade situation is generally getting better /turning for the better. 4、一般来说，游览西湖及周围景点花上两天时间较为合适。 (1) General speaking, it is advisable for a tourist to have a two-day tour of the West Lake and scenic spots around it. (2) Generally speaking, a two-day tour is ideal for the West Lake and scenic spots around it.,5、游览北京、上海、西安，最好是在春、秋两季。 (1) Spring and autumn are supposed to be the best times to tour cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Xian. (2) The best times to tour cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Xian are supposed to be spring and autumn. (3) Beijing, Shanghai and Xian are at their best for tourism in spring and autumn.,6、国有大中型企业建立现代企业制度的改革取得重要进展。 (1) Significant advances were made in the establishment of a modern corporate structure in large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises. (2) China has made significant advances in the establishment of a modern corporate structure in large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises. 7、素质教育继续推进。 (1) We continued to develop education designed to raise the overall quality of students. (2) Continued efforts were made to promote quality-oriented education.,8、中国的扶贫开发解决了两亿多农村贫困人口的温饱问题。 Thanks to the efforts to assist with the development of the poor areas, the problem of food and clothing for more than 200 million rural poor has been solved. 9、经过20多年不懈的艰苦奋斗，中国的扶贫开发取得了巨大成就。 Thanks to the arduous and unremitting efforts in the past more than two decades, China has made tremendous achievements in its drive to assist with the development of the poor areas.,10、近年来，中国轻工业产品的出口有了长足的进步。 (1) In recent years, the export of products in Chinas light industries has seen considerable growth. (2) In recent years, great progress has been made in the export of products in Chinas light industries. 11、一般加工工业生产能力过剩的矛盾仍较突出。 Over production is still a glaring problem in ordinary processing industries.,12、在全球市场迅猛发展的今天，贸易投资自由化和便利化的重要性变得更加突出。 Trade and investment liberalization and facilitation has taken on increased importance at a time when rapid changes are reshaping the global marketplace. 13、上海商业将广泛应用计算机技术，加快商业电子化步伐。 The computer technology will be widely used in the Shanghais commercial sector to accelerate its electronicalization.,（二）汉语偏正结构 1、生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。 Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. 2、这种担心看起来似乎没有根据，其实不然。 Such fear is not as far-fetched as it may seem. 3、为协助你方尽早将我们的产品销入你们的市场，我们同意提前装货。 We agree to advance our shipment to assist you in introducing our products into your market as early as possible.,4、留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 There will never be a shortage of firewood as long as green hills remain. 5、如果考虑到劳动力的因素，我国生产率的平均水平长期以来一直很低。 The average level of productivity in our country had long been low when the quality of the labor f