《阅读Unitone》PPT课件.ppt

Unit one ： a global perspective,Text A Roles of International organizations in the Global Economy,Background information,A village,An increasingly smaller world,Globalization,Question for your thinking,What has globalization brought to our life?,IS this an impact of globalization on our daily life? sitting and eating in a KFC, a Mcdonalds or to have a coffee leisurely in a Starbuck? A product of a wide selection of origins? Little Tikes toys made in China? reaching a friend at the other side of the world within seconds by phone or a email the quick spread of SARS and other epidemics? the sending of peace corps to war-areas in the other parts of the world? Toyota outsources its auto parts to U.S manufacturers .,then, what is globalization,globalization,economic globalization,Globalization (or globalisation) describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associated with the term economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, the spread of technology, and military presence.,What is the definition of globalization according to the text?,Globalization is the actual movement or potential to move across borders of nations in areas of trade, investment, technology, finance and labor. Economic globalization; economic interdependence,Questions for you to think,What has caused economic globalization? What are some of the advantages of economic globalization?,international organizations,What is the relationship between globalization and international organizations? What are the functions of international organizations?,types of international organizations,Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), formed by states international Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs), members are individuals, companies, or associations Multinational Corporations (MNCs), for-profit enterprises that operate in several countries.,IGOs,UN (United Nations) IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IMF International Monetary Fund World Bank World Bank Group ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CE Council of Europe EU European Union NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization,OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries WTO World Trade Organization,NGOs,ICC International Chamber of Commerce IOC International Olympic Committee,MNCs,MicrosoftCiscoSunOracle Coca-colaMcDonaldsNestle Johnson &Johnson Exxon Sony, GE IBM,Other standards for classification:,a) on the subject of activity - political, economic, credit and financial, on trade, health, etc.; b) in the range of participants - the universal (ie, for all of the UN) and regional (Organization of African Unity); c) the order of admission of new members - open or closed; d) in the sphere of activity - with the general (UN) or special competence (UPU); ,The three biggest international organizations in global economy,WTO IMF WB What are the major roles of these three international organizations in the development of global economy?,WTO?,is an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade. The WTO came into being on January 1, 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international organization.,Most of the WTOs current work comes from the 1986-94 negotiations called the Uruguay Round, and earlier negotiations under the GATT. The organization is currently the host to new negotiations, under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) launched in 2001,What is WTO: a multilaterl trading agreement,1. a forum for negotiations between countries over trade-related issues. 2. a set of rules(agreement) negotiated and signed by membership countries. 3. a trade disputes settlement mechanism.,The WTO is governed by a Ministerial Conference, which meets every two years; a General Council, which implements the conferences policy decisions and is responsible for day-to-day administration; and a director-general, who is appointed by the Ministerial Conference. The WTOs headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland,IMF&WB,Both the IMF and World Bank were created in the aftermath of WWII to help stabilize world finance. IMF is concerned with the whole world, while the World Bank is focused on developing countries.,The International Monetary Fund was created with a goal to stabilize exchange rates and supervise the reconstruction of the worlds international payment system. The IMF describes itself as “an organization working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty“.,IMF provides financial assistance to countries that experience serious financial and economic difficulties using funds deposited with the IMF from the institutions 187 member countries. Member states with balance of payments problems, may request loans to help fill gaps between what countries earn and/or are able to borrow from other official lenders and what countries must spend to operate, including to cover the cost of importing basic goods and services.,World Bank,国际复兴开发银行（IBRD），1945 国际开发协会（IDA），1960,Key role of WB,to provide credit and other forms of assistance to developing countries in order to achieve a sustainable development.,Words and phrases,全球化 globalization 经济增长：economic growth 汇率稳定：exchange stability 国际收支：balance of payments 经济停滞：economic stagnation 经济衰退：economic recession 地域差异：geographical disparities,Poverty cycle: 贫穷循环 To make credit: 放贷 Sustainable development: 可持续性发展 Aggregate demand: 总需求 GDP: 国内生产总值 Macroeconomic policies: 宏观经济政策 贸易壁垒：trade barrierobstacles 贸易保护主义：trade protectionism 基础设施：infrastructure Debt relief, debt exemption : 债务减免 Fiscal year: 财政年，会计年,Prefixes:,transaction transnational transport “across, over, or beyond ” multilateral multimedia multipurpose “many” non-discrimination nonprofit nonsense non-tariff “not” interdependence introduce i