2018高考英语-完形填空讲解.ppt

,How to do cloze tests?,完形填空,做完形的时候你有以下问题吗？,烦 慢 错 不得不做，硬着头皮做，还是错,完形填空考查的是对学生的综合语言运用能力，但是每一个空格的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出的某种信息来保证答案的正确性和 唯一性。考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，留意暗送的“秋波”，也就是：关键词,出题者的初衷,命题特点：,1. 短文长度300词左右，记叙文、说明文和议论文（主要是夹叙夹议类）为主。 记叙文故事情节多有曲折；议论文结构严谨层次分明，有很多对仗现象。 2. 首句无空格，提供语境。5-10词设一空，人名、 地名、日期、数字不在之列。 3. 选项多为一词，偶尔会为词组。四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。有时单独看一句话语法都是正确的，但根据上下文只有一个正确答案。,4. 考查单词以实词(v, n, adj, adv, pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%。 5. 以考查学生对文章的整体理解（篇章逻辑题）和词汇的意义（词汇题）把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。 6. 有些空格答案由上文决定（前置性设空），有些由后文决定（后置性设空），有些要综合上下文才能得到答案（语篇性设空），以后置性设空为主。,英语完形填空解题步骤,速览全文，把握大意。 细读首句，摸清文路。 瞻前顾后，准确选择。 复核全文，调整答案。,2mins,10mins,2mins,1mins,Here are some Basic skills of cloze,eg1. Many old people dont have good _. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight,1) They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.,C,2) They cant listen to music or news over the radio, but they can read with glasses.,3) They cant walk outside, but they can watch TV or listen to music or news over the radio at home.,A,B,eg2. Wait till you are more _. A. relaxed B. satisfied C. certain,C,2) Ill improve it once more.,B,3) Or else youll be more nervous on the stage.,A,eg3. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,1) Its better to be sure .,Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境),eg1. When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,eg2. My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My _，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）,A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head,eg1. At this moment, the air hostess 1 . She looked pale, but was quite 2 . 1. A. showed B. presented C. exposed D. appeared 2. A. well B. still C. calm D. quiet,Vt.,Vt.,Vt.,Vi,Skill 3:Choosing by meanings of words and expressions (词汇和短语用法),eg2. In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea _that man.,A. with B. to C. as D. of,the same,例 We dont have to tell children 55 they should learn from the story and what the moral is. 55. A. that B. what C. which D. whom,tell sb. sth. learn sth. from,。,Skill4: Choosing by grammar(语法分析),eg1.and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste. A. beside B. but C. and D. or,。,eg1.I turned the key in the lock and _the door open. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried,eg2. All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of _ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools. A. all B. none C. some D. both,Skill 5: Choosing by common sense(常识),eg3. (Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest,Skill 6 choosing by the repetition of the same word,完形填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇中。要学会运用与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。,例 I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to ELCapitan, a 16 rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew 17(immediately) I wanted to climb it. That has been my lifes passion(钟爱) ever since- 18 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. 16. A. distant B. huge C. narrow D. loose 18. A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing,1. Choosing by context 上下文语境 2. Choosing by logic 逻辑 3. Choosing by the meanings of the words and expressions 单词和短语的用法 4. Choosing by grammar 语法结构分析 5.Choosing by cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常识 6. The repetition of the word. 同义复现 7. 排除法、语感等其他方法,methods,When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. （首句点明文章体裁，人物，时间及关键词）That meant 21 Miller King, who was the best 22 at our school. (唯一的目的就是成为球星，肯定就是打败最好运动员Miller),21.A. cheering for（为喝彩叫好） B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with 22.A.coach(教练） B. student C. teacher D. player,beat sb. out : to defeat someone or do better than them 打败某人,That season, I 26 all of Millers records while he 27 the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 29 .,26.A. held B. broke C. set D. tried 27.A.reported B. judged C. organized D. watched 28.A.and B. then C. but D. thus 29.A. decision B. mistake C. accident D. sacrifice（牺牲）,26. break/set the record 打破/创记录 be to blame for 因受到责备 29.What happened to Miller? be struck by a car and lost his right arm,One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fencewhich wasnt 31 to climb if you had both arms. Im sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 32 from. But even that challenge he accepted. I 33 him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally 34 on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didnt tell you this during the season, but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36 .”,30. A. stuck (动不了的，被卡住的） B. hurt C. tired D. lost 31. A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit 32. A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology 33. A. let B. helped C. had D. noticed 34. A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe 35. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally 36. A. us B. yourself C. me D. them,36. fill in for sb. “代替”: take the place of sb.,His words freed me from my bad 37. I thought to myself, how e